The maternal muscle determinant in the ascidian egg
... The muscle cell lineages of ascidians are shown in Figure 4. There are two types of muscle cells in the larval tail: primary muscle (28 out of the total of 42 muscle cells) in the anterior and middle regions of the tail, and secondary muscle (14 cells in Halocynthia and 8 cells in Ciona) in the post ...
... The muscle cell lineages of ascidians are shown in Figure 4. There are two types of muscle cells in the larval tail: primary muscle (28 out of the total of 42 muscle cells) in the anterior and middle regions of the tail, and secondary muscle (14 cells in Halocynthia and 8 cells in Ciona) in the post ...
Tsao, Doris, Face Processing Mechanisms, Caltech, Apr
... slide: Anatomical tracer summary (diagram that includes all the above connections shown by their tracer studies) ...
... slide: Anatomical tracer summary (diagram that includes all the above connections shown by their tracer studies) ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at
... were intact (Fig. 4 B). The electron density of the PSV became low when the degradation of proteins started (Fig. 4 C). In the same cells, a membranous structure surrounding SGs was observed, and some regions with low electron density (LED) were found (Fig. 4 C). The LED area around the SG was enlar ...
... were intact (Fig. 4 B). The electron density of the PSV became low when the degradation of proteins started (Fig. 4 C). In the same cells, a membranous structure surrounding SGs was observed, and some regions with low electron density (LED) were found (Fig. 4 C). The LED area around the SG was enlar ...
Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis
... isodiametric. Bidirectionally protruding cells are modeled by restricting protrusive activity to two nodes located at opposite ends of the cell. Bidirectionally protrusive cells will intrinsically elongate into a spindle shape. In addition to notochord cells, many other types of motile cells in vitr ...
... isodiametric. Bidirectionally protruding cells are modeled by restricting protrusive activity to two nodes located at opposite ends of the cell. Bidirectionally protrusive cells will intrinsically elongate into a spindle shape. In addition to notochord cells, many other types of motile cells in vitr ...
The Role of Lipid Domains in Bacterial Cell Processes
... mRNA, chromosomes and other soluble compounds dispersed somewhat randomly inside of a membrane-enveloped cytoplasm. This view has gradually changed, thanks mainly to recent advancements in imaging technology and the development of better fluorescent proteins and dyes. It has become clear that a larg ...
... mRNA, chromosomes and other soluble compounds dispersed somewhat randomly inside of a membrane-enveloped cytoplasm. This view has gradually changed, thanks mainly to recent advancements in imaging technology and the development of better fluorescent proteins and dyes. It has become clear that a larg ...
Transcriptional insights into the CD8+ T cell response to infection
... visualize changes in gene expression over the course of the CD8 + T cell response to infection with Lm-OVA, we selected 7,195 genes that had a difference in expression of at least twofold in any two samples in the data set from the total of 25,194 genes examined (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 1). ...
... visualize changes in gene expression over the course of the CD8 + T cell response to infection with Lm-OVA, we selected 7,195 genes that had a difference in expression of at least twofold in any two samples in the data set from the total of 25,194 genes examined (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 1). ...
Ch 7 Cell ppt
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
... Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions • The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells ...
Resveratrol Inhibits Proliferation and Survival of Epstein Barr Virus
... latent gene expression adopted by the virus. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activity of resveratrol on Burkitt's lymphomas with different forms of restricted virus latency. Thus, in the same cellular background, we have investigated the contribution that different patterns of ...
... latent gene expression adopted by the virus. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activity of resveratrol on Burkitt's lymphomas with different forms of restricted virus latency. Thus, in the same cellular background, we have investigated the contribution that different patterns of ...
Centromeres: An Integrated Protein/DNA Complex
... Distinguishing features are blocks of repeated DNAelements that comprise this centromeric domain. A schematic representation of the sequence organization of the centromere region from S. pombe is illustrated in Figure 1. At least three middle repetitive elements K (6.4 kb), L (4.5 kb), and B (1-2 kb ...
... Distinguishing features are blocks of repeated DNAelements that comprise this centromeric domain. A schematic representation of the sequence organization of the centromere region from S. pombe is illustrated in Figure 1. At least three middle repetitive elements K (6.4 kb), L (4.5 kb), and B (1-2 kb ...
Atomic Force Microscopy in Cancer Cell Research
... surface near its contact with AFM tip. If the surface were ideally flat, then it would be irrelevant at what point to measure forces. In the case of biological cells, knowledge of geometry is important because cells are not necessarily flat. Therefore, one will need some kind of automatic collection o ...
... surface near its contact with AFM tip. If the surface were ideally flat, then it would be irrelevant at what point to measure forces. In the case of biological cells, knowledge of geometry is important because cells are not necessarily flat. Therefore, one will need some kind of automatic collection o ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... Cells interact with their environment in many different ways: (1) they generate and withstand mechanical stress; (2) they secrete and sense individual signal molecules or molecular cocktails; and (3) they can establish and perceive electrical signals. In a multi-cellular organism all of these or jus ...
... Cells interact with their environment in many different ways: (1) they generate and withstand mechanical stress; (2) they secrete and sense individual signal molecules or molecular cocktails; and (3) they can establish and perceive electrical signals. In a multi-cellular organism all of these or jus ...
Primitive streak mesoderm-like cell lines expressing
... demonstrated. First, expression of the mesodermal marker Brachyury correlates with expression of Pax-3-inducing activity. Second, the ability of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to block mesoderm differentiation at two different points is demonstrated and correlated with the inhibition of Pax-3-indu ...
... demonstrated. First, expression of the mesodermal marker Brachyury correlates with expression of Pax-3-inducing activity. Second, the ability of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to block mesoderm differentiation at two different points is demonstrated and correlated with the inhibition of Pax-3-indu ...
Concentration gradient
... – transport substances much more slowly across a membrane compared to channels • the maximum rate at which these proteins can transport substances across a membrane is limited by how fast they can change shapes • Pumps hydrolyze a molecule of ATP and use the energy to transport substances across the ...
... – transport substances much more slowly across a membrane compared to channels • the maximum rate at which these proteins can transport substances across a membrane is limited by how fast they can change shapes • Pumps hydrolyze a molecule of ATP and use the energy to transport substances across the ...
Drosophila C-terminal Binding Protein Functions as a Context
... therein). Transcriptional repression plays a major role in segmentation gene expression that leads to proper body patterning during early Drosophila development (cf. Refs. 1 and 4). A number of different transcriptional repressors present in the early Drosophila embryo have been shown to encode sequ ...
... therein). Transcriptional repression plays a major role in segmentation gene expression that leads to proper body patterning during early Drosophila development (cf. Refs. 1 and 4). A number of different transcriptional repressors present in the early Drosophila embryo have been shown to encode sequ ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
... Furthermore, it was shown that the activities of the PM H+ATPase and anion channels were involved in the auxin-induced electrical responses (Lohse and Hedrich 1992, Zimmermann et al. 1994). Osmotic and electrical relationships in plants are closely linked by the ion transporters in the plasma membra ...
Chapter 3 Cells- Structure & Function Part II
... Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes ...
... Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes ...
Anticancer Properties of Cardiac Glycosides
... melanoma cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle [34]. In lung cancer cells, bufalin upregulates p21 WAF1 and suppresses cyclin D expression in response to the activation of p53 [35]. Because the tumor suppressor p21 WAF1 acts as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression [36] and because cyclin ...
... melanoma cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle [34]. In lung cancer cells, bufalin upregulates p21 WAF1 and suppresses cyclin D expression in response to the activation of p53 [35]. Because the tumor suppressor p21 WAF1 acts as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression [36] and because cyclin ...
Functions of AP1 (Fos/Jun) in bone development
... complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturation in vitro5 with all Fos and Jun proteins initially being highly expressed. Subsequently, during the period of extracellular matrix production and mineralisation, their levels decline, and Fra-2 and JunD become the major components of t ...
... complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturation in vitro5 with all Fos and Jun proteins initially being highly expressed. Subsequently, during the period of extracellular matrix production and mineralisation, their levels decline, and Fra-2 and JunD become the major components of t ...
Organelle Fission. Crossing the Evolutionary Divide
... abnormalities in the mitochondria consistent with defective severing of the outer, but not the inner, mitochondrial membrane. Immunogold-labeling studies with Dnm1p and fusions of Drp-1 to green fluorescent protein indicate that both proteins are localized on the cytosolic surface of the mitochondri ...
... abnormalities in the mitochondria consistent with defective severing of the outer, but not the inner, mitochondrial membrane. Immunogold-labeling studies with Dnm1p and fusions of Drp-1 to green fluorescent protein indicate that both proteins are localized on the cytosolic surface of the mitochondri ...
Gumbo JR and Cloete TE
... cell death upon exposure to B. mycoides i.e. cell membrane lysis and shadowing of algal cells leading to photo-inhibition. There were ultra-structural changes that occurred in bacteria treated M. aeruginosa cells. SEM images showed swollen M. aeruginosa cells due to cell membrane damage and increase ...
... cell death upon exposure to B. mycoides i.e. cell membrane lysis and shadowing of algal cells leading to photo-inhibition. There were ultra-structural changes that occurred in bacteria treated M. aeruginosa cells. SEM images showed swollen M. aeruginosa cells due to cell membrane damage and increase ...
The MHC I immunopeptidome conveys to the cell surface an
... et al, 2011). Therefore, further systematic studies based on high-throughput technologies and integrative approaches are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms that mould the immunopeptidome. In-depth mechanistic understanding of the immunopeptidome biogenesis would allow prediction of its mole ...
... et al, 2011). Therefore, further systematic studies based on high-throughput technologies and integrative approaches are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms that mould the immunopeptidome. In-depth mechanistic understanding of the immunopeptidome biogenesis would allow prediction of its mole ...
PDF
... targets were examined in XY gonads between 11.5 and 13.5 dpc, when progenitor cells arise and commit to the various testicular cell fates. Expression of Notch1 has been previously reported in the arterial coelomic vessel in the XY gonad and is coincident with Notch4 (Brennan et al., 2002) (data not ...
... targets were examined in XY gonads between 11.5 and 13.5 dpc, when progenitor cells arise and commit to the various testicular cell fates. Expression of Notch1 has been previously reported in the arterial coelomic vessel in the XY gonad and is coincident with Notch4 (Brennan et al., 2002) (data not ...
IL-10 transcription is negatively regulated by BAF180, a component
... SNF2-like ATPase subunits, and these ATPases couple the hydrolysis of ATP to changes in chromatin structure. SWI/SNF, Mi2, ISWI, and other ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes are classified into subfamilies based upon homology of the ATPase subunit [4,19,20]. These remodeling enzymes appear to both act ...
... SNF2-like ATPase subunits, and these ATPases couple the hydrolysis of ATP to changes in chromatin structure. SWI/SNF, Mi2, ISWI, and other ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes are classified into subfamilies based upon homology of the ATPase subunit [4,19,20]. These remodeling enzymes appear to both act ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.