Arabidopsis whole-transcriptome profiling defines - Plant-o
... sharply decreased in Groups V and VI (i.e., upregulated in mature stage). This seems to be consistent with the fact that the stems of plants in the immature stage are more juvenile and therefore require more vigorous protein synthesis and cell division activities. On the other hand, primary metaboli ...
... sharply decreased in Groups V and VI (i.e., upregulated in mature stage). This seems to be consistent with the fact that the stems of plants in the immature stage are more juvenile and therefore require more vigorous protein synthesis and cell division activities. On the other hand, primary metaboli ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... • Function: A cell’s “power plant”; the site of ATP synthesis • Mitochondrial DNA: Each mitochondrion has a DNA molecule, allowing it to produce its own enzymes and replicate copies of ...
... • Function: A cell’s “power plant”; the site of ATP synthesis • Mitochondrial DNA: Each mitochondrion has a DNA molecule, allowing it to produce its own enzymes and replicate copies of ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... packing could inhibit division and cell loss near the collar could generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signall ...
... packing could inhibit division and cell loss near the collar could generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signall ...
Cell crawling mediates collective cell migration to
... all gap sizes tested from 15 up to 150 μm (Movies S1 and S2). The formation of lamellipodia started shortly after the release of the PDMS pillar (during the first 10 min) and were present until there was no more available space, at which point opposing or contiguous lamellipodia contacted and fused. ...
... all gap sizes tested from 15 up to 150 μm (Movies S1 and S2). The formation of lamellipodia started shortly after the release of the PDMS pillar (during the first 10 min) and were present until there was no more available space, at which point opposing or contiguous lamellipodia contacted and fused. ...
Cell cycle genes regulate vestigial and scalloped to - HAL
... In Drosophila, the Vestigial-Scalloped (VG-SD) dimeric transcription factor is required for wing cell identity and proliferation. Previous results have shown that VG-SD controls expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic pro ...
... In Drosophila, the Vestigial-Scalloped (VG-SD) dimeric transcription factor is required for wing cell identity and proliferation. Previous results have shown that VG-SD controls expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic pro ...
Co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Impairs HIV
... TB, with only 5% being able to co-secrete 3 cytokines (IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+) and 76% with mono-functional secretion capacity (TNF-α only (47%), IL-2 only (2%), or IFN-γ only (26%)) (Fig. 1G). In summary, HIV co-infection with MTB was associated with a decrease in the number of cytokines secreted from H ...
... TB, with only 5% being able to co-secrete 3 cytokines (IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+) and 76% with mono-functional secretion capacity (TNF-α only (47%), IL-2 only (2%), or IFN-γ only (26%)) (Fig. 1G). In summary, HIV co-infection with MTB was associated with a decrease in the number of cytokines secreted from H ...
Kang, J., A. Volkmann, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Evidence that gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell fate determination is initiated independently of T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 193:689-698.
... (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR signals that are appropriate to the predetermined lineage ensure cell ...
... (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR signals that are appropriate to the predetermined lineage ensure cell ...
ATCC® EnTEriC DisEAsE rEsEArCh MATEriAls
... The ATCC® Genuine Nucleics collection represents the largest and most diverse array of both cellular and microbiological genomic, synthetic, and certified reference materials available worldwide. Each preparation is isolated or synthetically derived under aseptic conditions to prevent cross-contamin ...
... The ATCC® Genuine Nucleics collection represents the largest and most diverse array of both cellular and microbiological genomic, synthetic, and certified reference materials available worldwide. Each preparation is isolated or synthetically derived under aseptic conditions to prevent cross-contamin ...
Dimensional analysis of Expansive Growth of Cells with Walls
... φ / L = (relative volumetric plastic deformation rate of the wall) / (relative volumetric water uptake rate). The magnitude of Πpw is useful because when it is small (Πpw << 1), it means that water uptake rate is not limiting during expansive growth and Equation 2 or Equation 5, is the sole governin ...
... φ / L = (relative volumetric plastic deformation rate of the wall) / (relative volumetric water uptake rate). The magnitude of Πpw is useful because when it is small (Πpw << 1), it means that water uptake rate is not limiting during expansive growth and Equation 2 or Equation 5, is the sole governin ...
Yeast Mating Type
... phosphorylation target of the MAP kinase Fus3 protein. Phosphorylated Far1 protein is a CDK inhibitor that prevents the Cdc28p–cyclin complex from allowing the cell to pass START. Not only do the mating pheromones regulate the cell cycle, but the converse is also true. Several of the genes involved ...
... phosphorylation target of the MAP kinase Fus3 protein. Phosphorylated Far1 protein is a CDK inhibitor that prevents the Cdc28p–cyclin complex from allowing the cell to pass START. Not only do the mating pheromones regulate the cell cycle, but the converse is also true. Several of the genes involved ...
PDF
... enclosing the blastocyst cavity and the inner cell mass (ICM). By the late blastocyst, the PrE appears as a conspicuous layer of cells on the surface of the ICM lining the cavity, with deeper cells comprising the pluripotent epiblast (EPI), which gives rise to the embryo proper. The initial differen ...
... enclosing the blastocyst cavity and the inner cell mass (ICM). By the late blastocyst, the PrE appears as a conspicuous layer of cells on the surface of the ICM lining the cavity, with deeper cells comprising the pluripotent epiblast (EPI), which gives rise to the embryo proper. The initial differen ...
Formins: Linking Cytoskeleton and Endomembranes in Plant Cells
... The inventory of plant proteins mediating the connection among the endomembrane structures and the cytoskeleton is thus obviously far from complete. Additional candidates are likely to emerge especially among proteins that can associate with membranes on one hand and bind to microfilaments, microtub ...
... The inventory of plant proteins mediating the connection among the endomembrane structures and the cytoskeleton is thus obviously far from complete. Additional candidates are likely to emerge especially among proteins that can associate with membranes on one hand and bind to microfilaments, microtub ...
Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer therapeutics
... disabling immune surveillance (43–46). Thus, lactate also appears to promote tumorigenesis via non–tumor cell–mediated effects on the inflammatory and immune responses. Unexpectedly, a recent report of a mouse model of B cell lymphoma (λ-Myc transgenic mice) suggested that LDHA is dispensable for th ...
... disabling immune surveillance (43–46). Thus, lactate also appears to promote tumorigenesis via non–tumor cell–mediated effects on the inflammatory and immune responses. Unexpectedly, a recent report of a mouse model of B cell lymphoma (λ-Myc transgenic mice) suggested that LDHA is dispensable for th ...
Androgen receptor complexes probe DNA for recognition
... and the occurrence of only brief immobilization events for proteins involved in many nuclear processes, including DNA replication (Leonhardt et al., 2000), DNA damage repair (Essers et al., 2002; Houtsmuller et al., 1999), gene transcription (Dundr et al., 2002; Kimura et al., 2002; McNally et al., ...
... and the occurrence of only brief immobilization events for proteins involved in many nuclear processes, including DNA replication (Leonhardt et al., 2000), DNA damage repair (Essers et al., 2002; Houtsmuller et al., 1999), gene transcription (Dundr et al., 2002; Kimura et al., 2002; McNally et al., ...
Plant microtubule organization
... microtubule fine structure and the tubulin subunits that make up microtubules are remarkably conserved between kingdoms, as are many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). On the other hand, microtubules are arranged and organized in highly diverse patterns, relying on a variety of mechanisms for a ...
... microtubule fine structure and the tubulin subunits that make up microtubules are remarkably conserved between kingdoms, as are many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). On the other hand, microtubules are arranged and organized in highly diverse patterns, relying on a variety of mechanisms for a ...
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics
... Indeed, proteomic studies made on cell walls revealed leaderless proteins mixed with secreted proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide s ...
... Indeed, proteomic studies made on cell walls revealed leaderless proteins mixed with secreted proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide s ...
Microtubule cortical array organization and plant cell morphogenesis
... Although potentially important, the significance of treadmilling-mediated bundling in the creation and maintenance of cortical array organization remains to be determined. On their own, these activities cannot account for how the net orientation of the cortical microtubule array is selected. Other i ...
... Although potentially important, the significance of treadmilling-mediated bundling in the creation and maintenance of cortical array organization remains to be determined. On their own, these activities cannot account for how the net orientation of the cortical microtubule array is selected. Other i ...
activator
... by high levels of the end product • Regulation of the trp and lac operons involves negative control of genes because operons are switched off by the active form of the repressor Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... by high levels of the end product • Regulation of the trp and lac operons involves negative control of genes because operons are switched off by the active form of the repressor Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Problems of cell death in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer`s Disease
... to PS 1 mutations, no correlation between DNA fragmentation and the severity of Aβ deposits or NFTs was found [75]; the majority of TUNEL-positive neurons, however, showed ultrastructural features of cell death by necrosis [76]. The relationship between presenilins and cellular damage has recently b ...
... to PS 1 mutations, no correlation between DNA fragmentation and the severity of Aβ deposits or NFTs was found [75]; the majority of TUNEL-positive neurons, however, showed ultrastructural features of cell death by necrosis [76]. The relationship between presenilins and cellular damage has recently b ...
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall
... rinuclear positions and maintained the longest distance from each other at the opposite sides of centrally positioned nuclei matching cellular polarity axes (Fig. 1, E and F). In the elongation region, only epidermal cells embarking on root hair formation formed BFA compartments (Fig. 1F), whereas a ...
... rinuclear positions and maintained the longest distance from each other at the opposite sides of centrally positioned nuclei matching cellular polarity axes (Fig. 1, E and F). In the elongation region, only epidermal cells embarking on root hair formation formed BFA compartments (Fig. 1F), whereas a ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... It is of interest to note that the actin cytoskeleton of the other group of hyphal organisms, the oomycetes differs somewhat from that observed in the fungi. The oomycetes typically contain a cap of peripheral microfilaments at the tip of the cell. This cap may be complete or may contain an actindep ...
... It is of interest to note that the actin cytoskeleton of the other group of hyphal organisms, the oomycetes differs somewhat from that observed in the fungi. The oomycetes typically contain a cap of peripheral microfilaments at the tip of the cell. This cap may be complete or may contain an actindep ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.