Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei
... properties, this enhanced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation under the treatments may have also brought about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates th ...
... properties, this enhanced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation under the treatments may have also brought about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates th ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... based on the localization of VHA-a1 and RAB A2/A3. MVBs, labeled with YFP-2x-FYVE, which recognizes PtIns3P, accumulate in a belt around the leading edge of the cell plate, but their contribution to the cell plate remains to be proven. B, During the late phases of cell plate formation, membrane addi ...
... based on the localization of VHA-a1 and RAB A2/A3. MVBs, labeled with YFP-2x-FYVE, which recognizes PtIns3P, accumulate in a belt around the leading edge of the cell plate, but their contribution to the cell plate remains to be proven. B, During the late phases of cell plate formation, membrane addi ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells ...
... generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells ...
Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Expressing
... and even concentrations as high as 2,000 nM dexamethasone had no effect ( 104±13% of control, n = 3) (Fig. 3). The same experiments were extended to two other POMC-expressing SCLC cell lines, COR L103 and DMS 79, but again no induction of transcription from GMCO was observed after dexamethasone trea ...
... and even concentrations as high as 2,000 nM dexamethasone had no effect ( 104±13% of control, n = 3) (Fig. 3). The same experiments were extended to two other POMC-expressing SCLC cell lines, COR L103 and DMS 79, but again no induction of transcription from GMCO was observed after dexamethasone trea ...
Nuclear centering in Spirogyra
... scaold as well as in the connected peripheral cytoplasm (pc). B Focus set slightly above the chloroplast bands (alignment of plastid long axes indicated by arrowheads) in the peripheral cytoplasm, with subcortical bundles of F-actin and short bundles of micro®laments (small arrows) normal to the ch ...
... scaold as well as in the connected peripheral cytoplasm (pc). B Focus set slightly above the chloroplast bands (alignment of plastid long axes indicated by arrowheads) in the peripheral cytoplasm, with subcortical bundles of F-actin and short bundles of micro®laments (small arrows) normal to the ch ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells ...
... generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells ...
Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
Alteration of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Membrane
... calf alkaline phosphatase were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals (Mannheim, FRG) and T4 ligase was from New England Biolabs (Schalbach/Taunus, FRG). [35S]Methionine (1,070 Ci/mmol) was from Amersham Buchler GmbH (Braunschweig, FRG); [3H]palmitic acid and ~C-methylated protein mixture ( ...
... calf alkaline phosphatase were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals (Mannheim, FRG) and T4 ligase was from New England Biolabs (Schalbach/Taunus, FRG). [35S]Methionine (1,070 Ci/mmol) was from Amersham Buchler GmbH (Braunschweig, FRG); [3H]palmitic acid and ~C-methylated protein mixture ( ...
Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
... of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. This review will focus on new findings on protein import into the nucleus. Export of proteins and import/export of R N A have been reviewed recently [1-4]. Molecules of up to ,~ 50 kDa may pass the NPC by diffusion. However, even small pro ...
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during
... event during secretion, membrane fusion at the cell plate results in the formation of a flattened membrane sac that creates an “extracellular” compartment inside the cell. The cargo (cell wall polysaccharides) that vesicles carry is deposited in this newly formed compartment. From electron microscop ...
... event during secretion, membrane fusion at the cell plate results in the formation of a flattened membrane sac that creates an “extracellular” compartment inside the cell. The cargo (cell wall polysaccharides) that vesicles carry is deposited in this newly formed compartment. From electron microscop ...
Cannibalism and fratricide: mechanisms and raisons d`être
... associated with a differentiation process — sporulation and competence, respectively (FIG. 1). Sporulation is considered the last resort when B. subtilis is stressed by mild starvation (BOX 1). The master regulator that governs entry into sporulation is the response regulator Spo0A8–10. Depending on ...
... associated with a differentiation process — sporulation and competence, respectively (FIG. 1). Sporulation is considered the last resort when B. subtilis is stressed by mild starvation (BOX 1). The master regulator that governs entry into sporulation is the response regulator Spo0A8–10. Depending on ...
Update on the Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy of Esophageal
... These studies suggest that CTLs rather than LAK cells are neededtoachievethe tumor regression. However, tumors that lose expression of MHC class I molecules as a mechanism of escape from immune surveillance are more susceptible to killingbynaturalkillercells(NK)(Fig2C). Furthermore, various cancers, ...
... These studies suggest that CTLs rather than LAK cells are neededtoachievethe tumor regression. However, tumors that lose expression of MHC class I molecules as a mechanism of escape from immune surveillance are more susceptible to killingbynaturalkillercells(NK)(Fig2C). Furthermore, various cancers, ...
K-ras modulates the cell cycle via both positive and negative
... problem associated with stable transfections using noninducible expression vectors, MCF-7 cells were cloned and cells from a single clone (#2) (which harbors normal ras genes as determined by sequencing analysis (data not shown)) were used to obtain stable transfectants expressing inducible human ac ...
... problem associated with stable transfections using noninducible expression vectors, MCF-7 cells were cloned and cells from a single clone (#2) (which harbors normal ras genes as determined by sequencing analysis (data not shown)) were used to obtain stable transfectants expressing inducible human ac ...
DNA damage induced by mutagens in plant and human cell nuclei
... makes isolation of nuclei difficult [22]. Development of the methods for isolation of nuclei from plant tissues have made possible to use SCGE as a test for genetic toxicology and DNA repair in plants [13, 16, 20]. Additionally, comet assay as a simple way of DNA damage measuring allows to compare t ...
... makes isolation of nuclei difficult [22]. Development of the methods for isolation of nuclei from plant tissues have made possible to use SCGE as a test for genetic toxicology and DNA repair in plants [13, 16, 20]. Additionally, comet assay as a simple way of DNA damage measuring allows to compare t ...
Information, Noise and Communication: Thresholds as Controlling
... (2005) measured the quantitative relation between transcription factor concentration and the rate of protein production from the downstream gene (so-called gene regulation function) and observed how the ratio between these two fluctuated dynamically, thus limiting the accuracy of genetic circuitry. ...
... (2005) measured the quantitative relation between transcription factor concentration and the rate of protein production from the downstream gene (so-called gene regulation function) and observed how the ratio between these two fluctuated dynamically, thus limiting the accuracy of genetic circuitry. ...
a morphogenetic role for the TNF signalling pathway
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
The endoplasmic reticulum exerts control over organelle streaming
... compared with that of the wild type at 12 DAG (Fig. 2C), when the differences in ER streaming velocities between wild type and the rhd3 mutant are markedly different (Fig. 1B). The maximal streaming velocity of the ER in fully expanded rhd3 cells treated with latrunculin B is 0.56 mm/second (Fig. 2C ...
... compared with that of the wild type at 12 DAG (Fig. 2C), when the differences in ER streaming velocities between wild type and the rhd3 mutant are markedly different (Fig. 1B). The maximal streaming velocity of the ER in fully expanded rhd3 cells treated with latrunculin B is 0.56 mm/second (Fig. 2C ...
Virus-transformed Pre-B Cells Show Ordered Activation but Not
... examining the majority phenotypes. Also, H chain-related events have been studied more extensively than L chain-related events. These analyses suggested that only H chain-producing cell lines could rearrange tc L chain genes and that H chainproducing cells inactivate further H chain gene rearrangeme ...
... examining the majority phenotypes. Also, H chain-related events have been studied more extensively than L chain-related events. These analyses suggested that only H chain-producing cell lines could rearrange tc L chain genes and that H chainproducing cells inactivate further H chain gene rearrangeme ...
DNA polymerase alpha, a component of the replication initiation
... the assembly of a replication initiation complex in vitro involves binding of an origin-binding protein to a site of initiation, or origin (Dean et al., 1987), followed by binding of RP-A, which facilitates origin unwinding (reviewed by Stillman, 1989), and DNA polymerase alpha/primase, which is req ...
... the assembly of a replication initiation complex in vitro involves binding of an origin-binding protein to a site of initiation, or origin (Dean et al., 1987), followed by binding of RP-A, which facilitates origin unwinding (reviewed by Stillman, 1989), and DNA polymerase alpha/primase, which is req ...
p53 activates transcription of genes - California State University, Los
... detectable DNA damage • Normal p53 in response to DNA damage – 2 slides – repairable damage • Phopshorylation of p53 blocking its degradation and • Causing p53 to function as a transcription factor to stop the cell cycle ...
... detectable DNA damage • Normal p53 in response to DNA damage – 2 slides – repairable damage • Phopshorylation of p53 blocking its degradation and • Causing p53 to function as a transcription factor to stop the cell cycle ...
Studies on Cell Adhesion and Recognition I. Extent and Specificity
... microtiter wells (see above). Unless otherwise indicated, fibronectin and different lectins were adsorbed at 10 pg/ml. The enzyme concentrations were 0.2 U/ml of Clostridium perfringens sialidase and 0.9 U/ml of 6-galactosidase (37) . In assays specified in the text, the plates were saturated with B ...
... microtiter wells (see above). Unless otherwise indicated, fibronectin and different lectins were adsorbed at 10 pg/ml. The enzyme concentrations were 0.2 U/ml of Clostridium perfringens sialidase and 0.9 U/ml of 6-galactosidase (37) . In assays specified in the text, the plates were saturated with B ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.