Shroom3-mediated recruitment of Rho kinases to the apical cell
... a key player for epithelial apical constriction. Shroom3 has been identified as a gene product whose mutation disrupts neurulation (Copp et al., 2003; Hildebrand and Soriano, 1999). This protein is localized at the AJC of the neural tube; and its depletion causes neural tube closure defects in mice ...
... a key player for epithelial apical constriction. Shroom3 has been identified as a gene product whose mutation disrupts neurulation (Copp et al., 2003; Hildebrand and Soriano, 1999). This protein is localized at the AJC of the neural tube; and its depletion causes neural tube closure defects in mice ...
A new multivalent B cell activation model
... polyvalent anti-sIg system and CD40L-transfected cells were placed into the same culture well and increasing numbers of B cells were added along with media containing optimal levels of IL-4 and IL-5. While proliferation was proportional to B cell number, as seen with the CD40L activation system alon ...
... polyvalent anti-sIg system and CD40L-transfected cells were placed into the same culture well and increasing numbers of B cells were added along with media containing optimal levels of IL-4 and IL-5. While proliferation was proportional to B cell number, as seen with the CD40L activation system alon ...
MONERAS KINGDOM - 1st ESO Bilingual Science
... sleeping sickness slipper fresh water two parasites heterothrophs multicellular zooplankton tissues unicellular carries out pseudopods organics remains cilia malaria ...
... sleeping sickness slipper fresh water two parasites heterothrophs multicellular zooplankton tissues unicellular carries out pseudopods organics remains cilia malaria ...
Cellular polarity, mitotic synchrony and axes of
... The developmental program, however, passes through an “information bottleneck” in which only a single copy of DNA is carried. Turing (1936) considered the properties of a machine that could read information encoded on a tape. The information to build the machine itself could well be encoded, but it ...
... The developmental program, however, passes through an “information bottleneck” in which only a single copy of DNA is carried. Turing (1936) considered the properties of a machine that could read information encoded on a tape. The information to build the machine itself could well be encoded, but it ...
Minus End-Directed Kinesin-Like Motor Protein
... Harper, 1998]. Furthermore, polar regions of the spindle undergo a profound transformation during mitosis. In Haemanthus endosperm, the metaphase spindle is predominantly barrel-shaped, but usually becomes convergent in anaphase [Smirnova and Bajer, 1994]. The change of spindle shape in anaphase is ...
... Harper, 1998]. Furthermore, polar regions of the spindle undergo a profound transformation during mitosis. In Haemanthus endosperm, the metaphase spindle is predominantly barrel-shaped, but usually becomes convergent in anaphase [Smirnova and Bajer, 1994]. The change of spindle shape in anaphase is ...
ELI1 regulates cell expansion and secondary wall
... intensively during the development of xylem cells. This process is characterized by deposition of lignin into a matrix of polysaccharides (Roberts, 1989), and subsequent loss of cellular contents (Wardrop, 1981; O’Brien, 1981). The expression of specific genes associated with different stages of xyl ...
... intensively during the development of xylem cells. This process is characterized by deposition of lignin into a matrix of polysaccharides (Roberts, 1989), and subsequent loss of cellular contents (Wardrop, 1981; O’Brien, 1981). The expression of specific genes associated with different stages of xyl ...
Kidney Handling of Acids/Bases, and Renal Tubular Acidosis
... • Metabolic acidosis due to the failure to reabsorb HCO3- in the PCT • Can be due to dysfunctional NHE3-antiporters, CA, or Na/HCO3-symporters. Results in a lower threshold for proximal HCO3- reabsorption (PCT can maximally reabsorb less HCO3-) • Results in a high HCO3- fractional excretion (FEHCO3 ...
... • Metabolic acidosis due to the failure to reabsorb HCO3- in the PCT • Can be due to dysfunctional NHE3-antiporters, CA, or Na/HCO3-symporters. Results in a lower threshold for proximal HCO3- reabsorption (PCT can maximally reabsorb less HCO3-) • Results in a high HCO3- fractional excretion (FEHCO3 ...
File - Science is Forever
... purple. In order to reproduce the ameba goes through mitotic division, where the nucleus duplicates its genetic material and the cytoplasm splits into two new daughter cells, each identical to the original parent. This method of reproduction is called binary fission. Another structure easily seen in ...
... purple. In order to reproduce the ameba goes through mitotic division, where the nucleus duplicates its genetic material and the cytoplasm splits into two new daughter cells, each identical to the original parent. This method of reproduction is called binary fission. Another structure easily seen in ...
TOPIC 1. CELL CHARACTERISTICS AND DIGESTIBILITIES What
... Chemical analyses of foods have been done for over 100 years. Specific groups of compounds are isolated in the proximate analysis approach, and chemical composition data given for specific foods. Early studies of the digestibilities of forages for wild ruminants yielded results that were not always ...
... Chemical analyses of foods have been done for over 100 years. Specific groups of compounds are isolated in the proximate analysis approach, and chemical composition data given for specific foods. Early studies of the digestibilities of forages for wild ruminants yielded results that were not always ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... both pre-division wall expansion and the zone where a cross wall will form during cytokinesis. This suggests that prior to the evolution of land plants, a dynamic, cortical cytoskeletal array similar to a pre-prophase band had evolved in the charophytes. However, an interesting variation on the cort ...
... both pre-division wall expansion and the zone where a cross wall will form during cytokinesis. This suggests that prior to the evolution of land plants, a dynamic, cortical cytoskeletal array similar to a pre-prophase band had evolved in the charophytes. However, an interesting variation on the cort ...
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the
... about 30 relative to the core of cytoplasm and away from the SEP (Vincent et al. 1986). The resulting shear modifies the pigment distribution at the equator, producing a gray crescent, which corresponds to the embryo presumptive dorsal side. The gray crescent is also observed in some other amphibia ...
... about 30 relative to the core of cytoplasm and away from the SEP (Vincent et al. 1986). The resulting shear modifies the pigment distribution at the equator, producing a gray crescent, which corresponds to the embryo presumptive dorsal side. The gray crescent is also observed in some other amphibia ...
The Plant Host–Pathogen Interface Cell Wall and Membrane
... resistance, these effectors play dual functions as both virulence and avirulence factors.2,3 In the absence of the cognate resistance (R) proteins, effectors can function to disable host basal defenses and to release nutrients from host cells, rendering the host susceptible to pathogen proliferation ...
... resistance, these effectors play dual functions as both virulence and avirulence factors.2,3 In the absence of the cognate resistance (R) proteins, effectors can function to disable host basal defenses and to release nutrients from host cells, rendering the host susceptible to pathogen proliferation ...
Yeast are… - mvhs
... receptor causes a signal transduction pathway to be activated. • Cells start to grow towards one another– they shmoo! ...
... receptor causes a signal transduction pathway to be activated. • Cells start to grow towards one another– they shmoo! ...
Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy
... cells, and these were lagging chromatids at anaphase and chromatin bridges. Similar frequencies of these mitotic errors are observed in fixed cells that did not express GFP–histone H2B (7.2 ± 1.6% [SEM], n = 400), demonstrating that the video results are representative (Fig. S1 A). Chromosomes in th ...
... cells, and these were lagging chromatids at anaphase and chromatin bridges. Similar frequencies of these mitotic errors are observed in fixed cells that did not express GFP–histone H2B (7.2 ± 1.6% [SEM], n = 400), demonstrating that the video results are representative (Fig. S1 A). Chromosomes in th ...
Early transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
... The time of onset for embryonic transcription in C. elegans has previously been assessed indirectly by two different methods, with somewhat differing results. In situ hybridization with labelled oligo(dT) probes to detect poly(A)+ mRNAs showed the first detectable increase in nuclear labelling at ap ...
... The time of onset for embryonic transcription in C. elegans has previously been assessed indirectly by two different methods, with somewhat differing results. In situ hybridization with labelled oligo(dT) probes to detect poly(A)+ mRNAs showed the first detectable increase in nuclear labelling at ap ...
Hungry for Power: Elimination of Mitochondria by Mitophagy
... role in the detection of mitochondrial stress by an unknown mechanism. PINK1 then communicates this stress by binding PARKIN, a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase, which subsequently ubiquitinates target proteins, bringing about mitophagy (13). The targets of ubiquitination are not clearly understood, but i ...
... role in the detection of mitochondrial stress by an unknown mechanism. PINK1 then communicates this stress by binding PARKIN, a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase, which subsequently ubiquitinates target proteins, bringing about mitophagy (13). The targets of ubiquitination are not clearly understood, but i ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... mitotic slippage [16]. When mitotic slippage cells entered G1 phase of cell cycle, multinucleated cells were formed, and those multinucleated cells survived and became senescent [17]. Cellular senescence was referred to permanent arrest in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle [18]. Senescent cells had a ...
... mitotic slippage [16]. When mitotic slippage cells entered G1 phase of cell cycle, multinucleated cells were formed, and those multinucleated cells survived and became senescent [17]. Cellular senescence was referred to permanent arrest in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle [18]. Senescent cells had a ...
The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research
... in an in vitro fertilization clinic—and then donated for research purposes with informed consent of the donors. They are not derived from eggs fertilized in a woman’s body. The embryos from which human embryonic stem cells are derived are typically four or five days old and are a hollow microscopic ...
... in an in vitro fertilization clinic—and then donated for research purposes with informed consent of the donors. They are not derived from eggs fertilized in a woman’s body. The embryos from which human embryonic stem cells are derived are typically four or five days old and are a hollow microscopic ...
That bacteria may be able to mutate in response to
... Using the techniques of Chicago colleague Malcolm Casadaban, Shapiro worked with an E. coli strain which was engineered to study hybrid proteins. Shapiro's construct had an arabinose regulatory gene followed by an arabinose structural gene into which was inserted a Mu prophage. Further downstream wa ...
... Using the techniques of Chicago colleague Malcolm Casadaban, Shapiro worked with an E. coli strain which was engineered to study hybrid proteins. Shapiro's construct had an arabinose regulatory gene followed by an arabinose structural gene into which was inserted a Mu prophage. Further downstream wa ...
Preview for 2/6/02 – Dr
... sheath. Rotary motion of the motor creates a kind of rotary motion when organism swims. ...
... sheath. Rotary motion of the motor creates a kind of rotary motion when organism swims. ...
Linking Cataracts to Cancer
... important part of the process of eliminating cancer cells and increasing survival chances is via early detection. Recent studies have produced increasingly positive results in accurately detecting premature cancer through protein expression. Proteins are ubiquitous molecules that are used in the fun ...
... important part of the process of eliminating cancer cells and increasing survival chances is via early detection. Recent studies have produced increasingly positive results in accurately detecting premature cancer through protein expression. Proteins are ubiquitous molecules that are used in the fun ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.