A Vacuolar Processing Enzyme, dVPE, Is Involved in Seed Coat
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
... Figures 6A to 6D show the cytological changes in the inner integuments of developing wild-type seeds at the torpedoshaped-embryo stages. At first, cells in the ii2 layer started shrinkage and plasmolysis (Figure 6A). The plasma membrane and tonoplast are partially disrupted (indicated by an asterisk ...
Resistance of cell membranes to different detergents - MPI
... These domains differ in their composition, physical properties, and biological functions. Membranes typically exist in a fluid state characterized by unconfined diffusion of its loosely packed lipids. This state is therefore also called the liquid-disordered (ld) phase. However, studies of liposomes ...
... These domains differ in their composition, physical properties, and biological functions. Membranes typically exist in a fluid state characterized by unconfined diffusion of its loosely packed lipids. This state is therefore also called the liquid-disordered (ld) phase. However, studies of liposomes ...
Dynamic targeting of the replication machinery to sites of DNA damage
... active repair. It has been previously shown that the repair of Pt-DNA adducts involves DNA strand breaks (Siddik, 2003), and we found that RPA/PCNA foci temporally colocalized with -H2AX (Fig. 2, A and C). To further determine the nature of these foci, the coordinate localization of GFP-PCNA and GF ...
... active repair. It has been previously shown that the repair of Pt-DNA adducts involves DNA strand breaks (Siddik, 2003), and we found that RPA/PCNA foci temporally colocalized with -H2AX (Fig. 2, A and C). To further determine the nature of these foci, the coordinate localization of GFP-PCNA and GF ...
2) A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in
... events were largely extrapolations based on similarities to other biological processes such as convergent extension. Third, the fact that only the starting point of cytokinesis and the ending point of columnar alignment can be accurately analyzed by histological methods reduces the diversity of expe ...
... events were largely extrapolations based on similarities to other biological processes such as convergent extension. Third, the fact that only the starting point of cytokinesis and the ending point of columnar alignment can be accurately analyzed by histological methods reduces the diversity of expe ...
File - wHOOSe Learning
... The skills in standard 5.1 are intended to define the “investigate” component and the understanding of the nature of science for all of the other fifth-grade standards. The intent of standard 5.1 is for students to continue to develop a range of inquiry skills, achieve proficiency with those ...
... The skills in standard 5.1 are intended to define the “investigate” component and the understanding of the nature of science for all of the other fifth-grade standards. The intent of standard 5.1 is for students to continue to develop a range of inquiry skills, achieve proficiency with those ...
Complementary action of the PGC-1 coactivators in mitochondrial
... basal condition, but no increase in UCP1 protein expression was observed after dbcAMP treatment. The induction of several mRNAs encoded by other genes involved in thermogenesis was either severely impaired in KO cells (C/EBPb) or was even completely blunted (deiodinase D2, cytochrome C) after dbcAMP ...
... basal condition, but no increase in UCP1 protein expression was observed after dbcAMP treatment. The induction of several mRNAs encoded by other genes involved in thermogenesis was either severely impaired in KO cells (C/EBPb) or was even completely blunted (deiodinase D2, cytochrome C) after dbcAMP ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... and TNFa, indicating that other MAP3Ks are involved [52]. Indeed, MEKK3 [48] is required for LPS inducible JNK–p38 and NF-jB activation as well as IL-6 production [48]. MEKK3 deficient cells fail to respond to TLR4 stimulation and show delayed and weak NF-jB DNA binding activity [48]. Another MAP3K, ...
... and TNFa, indicating that other MAP3Ks are involved [52]. Indeed, MEKK3 [48] is required for LPS inducible JNK–p38 and NF-jB activation as well as IL-6 production [48]. MEKK3 deficient cells fail to respond to TLR4 stimulation and show delayed and weak NF-jB DNA binding activity [48]. Another MAP3K, ...
A Cytochemical Study of the Stem Cell Concept in Specimens o£ a
... TEXT-FIG. 1. The frequency distributions of the relative amounts of DNA in the interphase nuclei o[ five tumor specimens (A to E) compared with the distribution of the diploid DNA values of interphase ]ymphocytes. Each tumor specimen (Specimens A to E) is shown individually with the DNA distribution ...
... TEXT-FIG. 1. The frequency distributions of the relative amounts of DNA in the interphase nuclei o[ five tumor specimens (A to E) compared with the distribution of the diploid DNA values of interphase ]ymphocytes. Each tumor specimen (Specimens A to E) is shown individually with the DNA distribution ...
MECHANISMS OF PATTERN FORMATION IN PLANT
... of the zygote, which are precisely controlled in many organisms, give rise to a population of cells, different from one another and from their progenitors, that will form the body plan of the embryo. The process by which cells are specified in three dimensions has been termed pattern formation. Mech ...
... of the zygote, which are precisely controlled in many organisms, give rise to a population of cells, different from one another and from their progenitors, that will form the body plan of the embryo. The process by which cells are specified in three dimensions has been termed pattern formation. Mech ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... ¾ Filamentous phages with single stranded DNA such as M13 ¾ RNA phages such as Qbeta Composition: Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both. The nucleic acids of phages often contain unusual or modified bases, which protect phage nucleic acid from nucleases tha ...
... ¾ Filamentous phages with single stranded DNA such as M13 ¾ RNA phages such as Qbeta Composition: Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both. The nucleic acids of phages often contain unusual or modified bases, which protect phage nucleic acid from nucleases tha ...
EMT in developmental morphogenesis
... lateral membrane adheres to each other (e.g., through adherens junctions); (5) Their basal membrane interacts with a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane (e.g., through integrins and dystroglycan) [2–4,6,20]. Cells organized this way are considered to be fully epithelial (Fig. 2A) ...
... lateral membrane adheres to each other (e.g., through adherens junctions); (5) Their basal membrane interacts with a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane (e.g., through integrins and dystroglycan) [2–4,6,20]. Cells organized this way are considered to be fully epithelial (Fig. 2A) ...
1 Lecture 15: Molecular Structure of the Cell Membrane 15.1
... Many important proteins in the cell membrane are not single protein molecules but are made up of multiple protein molecules called sub-units. These form multimeric protein complexes. These multimeric proteins can be made up of only a single types of protein molecule or can be a mixture of 2 or mo ...
... Many important proteins in the cell membrane are not single protein molecules but are made up of multiple protein molecules called sub-units. These form multimeric protein complexes. These multimeric proteins can be made up of only a single types of protein molecule or can be a mixture of 2 or mo ...
Dynamics of the Plant Nuclear Envelope and
... and testing Nup-chromatin interactions could open up a new area of investigation into the spatial organization of gene expression in plants. ...
... and testing Nup-chromatin interactions could open up a new area of investigation into the spatial organization of gene expression in plants. ...
Dissociation of Centrosome Replication Events from Cycles of DNA
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
... centrosome replication that have been detected in embryonic cells after various experimental treatments most likely occurred by recruitment of precursor components from the preexisting cytoplasmic pools of proteins in eggs. It seems unlikely that cycling somatic cells have large amounts of stored pr ...
complete distribution patterns of neurons with characteristic antigens
... which the ciliary ganglion originates (Barald, 1982). Antibodies against peptides in the retina have been used to divide amacrine cells into morphologically distinct subpopulations (Brecha et al., 1979, 1981); amacrine cells stained by antisera against neurotensin were found to have an axodendritic ...
... which the ciliary ganglion originates (Barald, 1982). Antibodies against peptides in the retina have been used to divide amacrine cells into morphologically distinct subpopulations (Brecha et al., 1979, 1981); amacrine cells stained by antisera against neurotensin were found to have an axodendritic ...
Divergent Roles for Maize PAN1 and PAN2 Receptor
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
I SEMESTER CYTOLOGY AND GENETICS
... prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Students get an idea about how these cellular components perceive the environmental signal and respond to them in the language of signal transduction. They also learn the cellular components underlying mitotic and meiotic cell division. The genetics chapters make th ...
... prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Students get an idea about how these cellular components perceive the environmental signal and respond to them in the language of signal transduction. They also learn the cellular components underlying mitotic and meiotic cell division. The genetics chapters make th ...
Boundary formation in the hindbrain
... Subsequent studies in zebrafish showed that Eph signaling is important for rhombomere-specific cell sorting [37–39]. Cells overexpressing full-length or truncated EphA4 could contribute to odd-numbered rhombomeres but were preferentially distributed to the boundaries of even-numbered rhombomeres in ...
... Subsequent studies in zebrafish showed that Eph signaling is important for rhombomere-specific cell sorting [37–39]. Cells overexpressing full-length or truncated EphA4 could contribute to odd-numbered rhombomeres but were preferentially distributed to the boundaries of even-numbered rhombomeres in ...
Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated via different pathways. The PCW begins to form along wit ...
... structure and stockpile the majority of photosynthesisfixed carbon and solar energy. CWs can be generally classified into the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall (SCW), which are formed through different processes and are regulated via different pathways. The PCW begins to form along wit ...
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers
... tissues and cells within the flower is co-ordinated at many levels to ensure correct timing. Some floral cells die selectively during organ development, whereas others are retained until the whole organ dies. Triggers Pollination is an important floral cell death trigger in many species, and its e ...
... tissues and cells within the flower is co-ordinated at many levels to ensure correct timing. Some floral cells die selectively during organ development, whereas others are retained until the whole organ dies. Triggers Pollination is an important floral cell death trigger in many species, and its e ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.