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... Fade (Invitrogen) on cover slips and visualized using Olympus FV300 XY. Images were analyzed using ImageJ and MetaMorph software. The 20⫻ image intensity levels were unmodified and all processed in parallel. The brightness and contrast of 60⫻ images were increased in 2-OST morphants to highlight mor ...
... Fade (Invitrogen) on cover slips and visualized using Olympus FV300 XY. Images were analyzed using ImageJ and MetaMorph software. The 20⫻ image intensity levels were unmodified and all processed in parallel. The brightness and contrast of 60⫻ images were increased in 2-OST morphants to highlight mor ...
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to
... Dejana, manuscript submitted for publication) or cadherin-5 (Suzuki et al., 1991; Lampugnani et al., 1992). VE-cadherin is a newly described member of the cadherin family that is selectively expressed by EC of all types of vessels both in culture and in situ (Lampugnani et al., 1992; Leach et al., 1 ...
... Dejana, manuscript submitted for publication) or cadherin-5 (Suzuki et al., 1991; Lampugnani et al., 1992). VE-cadherin is a newly described member of the cadherin family that is selectively expressed by EC of all types of vessels both in culture and in situ (Lampugnani et al., 1992; Leach et al., 1 ...
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for
... O2 is highly reactive and promotes rapid photooxidative stress. 1O2 generation is associated with production of lipid (hydro)peroxide radicals, which can initiate signaling and propagation of cellular damage (Triantaphylidés et al., 2008). However, cell death primarily associated with 1O2-induced o ...
... O2 is highly reactive and promotes rapid photooxidative stress. 1O2 generation is associated with production of lipid (hydro)peroxide radicals, which can initiate signaling and propagation of cellular damage (Triantaphylidés et al., 2008). However, cell death primarily associated with 1O2-induced o ...
Head/tail interaction of vinculin influences cell mechanical behavior
... that focal adhesion formation depends on internal tension [2,11,24,25]. We determined the number of focal adhesions in MEF cell lines of similar spreading area (Fig. 3). MEFvin+/+ and MEFRescue cells showed similar density of focal adhesions, whereas MEFvinA50I and MEFvin / cells showed between 40%– ...
... that focal adhesion formation depends on internal tension [2,11,24,25]. We determined the number of focal adhesions in MEF cell lines of similar spreading area (Fig. 3). MEFvin+/+ and MEFRescue cells showed similar density of focal adhesions, whereas MEFvinA50I and MEFvin / cells showed between 40%– ...
Endocytosis-like protein uptake in the bacterium Gemmata
... with the cytoplasmic membrane (Fig. 3C). These results suggest formation of vesicle structures in the cells allowing extracellular molecules to be internalized. Remarkably, proteins possessing structural features of eukaryotic MC proteins have been recently described in planctomycetes (23). MC prote ...
... with the cytoplasmic membrane (Fig. 3C). These results suggest formation of vesicle structures in the cells allowing extracellular molecules to be internalized. Remarkably, proteins possessing structural features of eukaryotic MC proteins have been recently described in planctomycetes (23). MC prote ...
Planctomyces stranskae - International Journal of Systematic and
... Description of Planctornyces guttaeformis (ex Hortobagyi 1965) sp. nov., nom. rev. Planctomyces guttaeformis [gutt. ae.form’is. L. gen. noun gutta(e) a drop; L. suffix -formis in the form or shape of; M.L. adj. guttaeformis drop shaped]. Cells are relatively large (2.9 to 3.0 pm in length, 1.15 to 1 ...
... Description of Planctornyces guttaeformis (ex Hortobagyi 1965) sp. nov., nom. rev. Planctomyces guttaeformis [gutt. ae.form’is. L. gen. noun gutta(e) a drop; L. suffix -formis in the form or shape of; M.L. adj. guttaeformis drop shaped]. Cells are relatively large (2.9 to 3.0 pm in length, 1.15 to 1 ...
Heat shock results in cell cycle delay and synchronisation of mitotic
... undertake the 14th S-phase whilst undergoing cellularisation. The 14th mitoses occur in a series of 27 domains of which just two, domain 1 (M14δ1) and domain 25 (M14δ25), are indicated. In this study, embryos were selected at the three indicated morphological stages: embryos at the early stages of c ...
... undertake the 14th S-phase whilst undergoing cellularisation. The 14th mitoses occur in a series of 27 domains of which just two, domain 1 (M14δ1) and domain 25 (M14δ25), are indicated. In this study, embryos were selected at the three indicated morphological stages: embryos at the early stages of c ...
The evodevo of multinucleate cells, tissues, and organisms, and an
... multinucleate body plan is represented by the chlorophycean algae Pediastrum and Hydrodictyon; the siphonous body plan is represented by the ulvophycean alga Caulerpa and the xanthophycean alga Vaucheria; and the multicellular multinucleate (siphonocladous) condition is represented by the rhodophyce ...
... multinucleate body plan is represented by the chlorophycean algae Pediastrum and Hydrodictyon; the siphonous body plan is represented by the ulvophycean alga Caulerpa and the xanthophycean alga Vaucheria; and the multicellular multinucleate (siphonocladous) condition is represented by the rhodophyce ...
Suppression of a mitotic mutant by tRNA
... As shown in Fig. 1A, ts cut9-655 mutant defective in the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase failed to produce colonies at 33°C, whereas the double mutants cut9665 scn1-17 and cut9-665 scn2-7 could form colonies at 33°C but not at 22°C. Single scn1 and scn2 mutants obtained as tetrad segre ...
... As shown in Fig. 1A, ts cut9-655 mutant defective in the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase failed to produce colonies at 33°C, whereas the double mutants cut9665 scn1-17 and cut9-665 scn2-7 could form colonies at 33°C but not at 22°C. Single scn1 and scn2 mutants obtained as tetrad segre ...
Dormancy in non-sporulating bacteria
... VBNC cells can start to multiply on solid media after the application of a resuscitation procedure. Colwell and colleagues used the passage of VBNC of Gram-negative cells through an animal ileal loop for resuscitation [18]. However, in contrast to previous data and conclusions of Allen-Austin et al. ...
... VBNC cells can start to multiply on solid media after the application of a resuscitation procedure. Colwell and colleagues used the passage of VBNC of Gram-negative cells through an animal ileal loop for resuscitation [18]. However, in contrast to previous data and conclusions of Allen-Austin et al. ...
S-layer and cytoplasmic membrane – exceptions from the typical
... cell wall polymers and structures. Members of the Thermoplasmatales like Ferroplasma acidophilum completely lack a cell wall, despite growing under harsh conditions like elevated temperatures and low pH. It is therefore thought that a glycocalyx, lipoglycans, or membrane-associated glycoproteins sub ...
... cell wall polymers and structures. Members of the Thermoplasmatales like Ferroplasma acidophilum completely lack a cell wall, despite growing under harsh conditions like elevated temperatures and low pH. It is therefore thought that a glycocalyx, lipoglycans, or membrane-associated glycoproteins sub ...
Development of Peltate Glandular Trichomes of
... the monoterpene biosynthetic enzymes are transcriptionally activated in a coordinated fashion, with a time course that can be superimposed on activity measurements and immunoblot data (McConkey et al., 2000). These results demonstrate coincidental temporal changes in enzyme activities, enzyme protei ...
... the monoterpene biosynthetic enzymes are transcriptionally activated in a coordinated fashion, with a time course that can be superimposed on activity measurements and immunoblot data (McConkey et al., 2000). These results demonstrate coincidental temporal changes in enzyme activities, enzyme protei ...
protists2
... represent several different evolutionary lineages, more distinct from each other than plants, animals, and fungi are. ...
... represent several different evolutionary lineages, more distinct from each other than plants, animals, and fungi are. ...
Mutations in SIPA1L3 cause eye defects through disruption of cell
... vast cascade of interacting factors required for cell adhesion, polarity and cytoskeletal organization. These processes are required for normal morphogenesis and prevention of abnormal epithelial cell behaviour. The vertebrate lens is a classic model system for development and disease (1) and provid ...
... vast cascade of interacting factors required for cell adhesion, polarity and cytoskeletal organization. These processes are required for normal morphogenesis and prevention of abnormal epithelial cell behaviour. The vertebrate lens is a classic model system for development and disease (1) and provid ...
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain and Binding Protein Complexes Are
... BiP functions primarily to bind defective proteins in the ER and target them for intracellular degradation or whether it may also be involved in retaining nascent proteins in the ER until their folding and assembly are complete, perhaps even facilitating these processes. For BiP to regulate normal p ...
... BiP functions primarily to bind defective proteins in the ER and target them for intracellular degradation or whether it may also be involved in retaining nascent proteins in the ER until their folding and assembly are complete, perhaps even facilitating these processes. For BiP to regulate normal p ...
Chapter 8. Movement across the Membrane
... Move from HIGH to LOW concentration through a protein channel passive transport no energy needed facilitated = with help ...
... Move from HIGH to LOW concentration through a protein channel passive transport no energy needed facilitated = with help ...
Stimulation of taxol production by combined salicylic acid elicitation and... Taxus baccata Ayatollah Rezaei
... properties, this enhanced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation under the treatments may have also brought about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates th ...
... properties, this enhanced free radical formation and lipid peroxidation under the treatments may have also brought about an increase in membrane permeability or loss of membrane integrity, as evidenced by the increase in extracellular taxol (Table1). The occurrence of lipid peroxidation indicates th ...
Gene nuc2 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Isolation of S. pombe Nuclei The procedures are based on Lohr and Ide (1979) lor the S. cerevisiae nuclei and modified for S. pombe. Mid or late exponentially growing cells (0.5-2.0 X 107/ml) in 1 liter YPD culture were collected (centrifugation by 5,000 rpm for 5 min or suction filteration using fi ...
... Isolation of S. pombe Nuclei The procedures are based on Lohr and Ide (1979) lor the S. cerevisiae nuclei and modified for S. pombe. Mid or late exponentially growing cells (0.5-2.0 X 107/ml) in 1 liter YPD culture were collected (centrifugation by 5,000 rpm for 5 min or suction filteration using fi ...
Effects of excess and deficient boron and niacin
... in insects being almost exclusively determined by the tracheal system, providing a particularly suitable model to investigate possible limitations of oxygen delivery on size (Kaiser et al., 2007). A number of highly successful insect groups were found to be evolved in conjunction with flowering plan ...
... in insects being almost exclusively determined by the tracheal system, providing a particularly suitable model to investigate possible limitations of oxygen delivery on size (Kaiser et al., 2007). A number of highly successful insect groups were found to be evolved in conjunction with flowering plan ...
The Bacterial Cell Wall. The Result of Adsorption
... 1962; Weidel et al. 1961). It seems that similar mucopeptides are also likely to be present in strains of blue-green algae such as Phormidium uncinatum (Frank, Lefort & Martin, 1962) and in rickettsia (Allison & Perkins, 1961). The wall structure of Gram-positive organisms appears to be somewhat sim ...
... 1962; Weidel et al. 1961). It seems that similar mucopeptides are also likely to be present in strains of blue-green algae such as Phormidium uncinatum (Frank, Lefort & Martin, 1962) and in rickettsia (Allison & Perkins, 1961). The wall structure of Gram-positive organisms appears to be somewhat sim ...
The Bacterial Cell Wall. The Result of Adsorption
... 1962; Weidel et al. 1961). It seems that similar mucopeptides are also likely to be present in strains of blue-green algae such as Phormidium uncinatum (Frank, Lefort & Martin, 1962) and in rickettsia (Allison & Perkins, 1961). The wall structure of Gram-positive organisms appears to be somewhat sim ...
... 1962; Weidel et al. 1961). It seems that similar mucopeptides are also likely to be present in strains of blue-green algae such as Phormidium uncinatum (Frank, Lefort & Martin, 1962) and in rickettsia (Allison & Perkins, 1961). The wall structure of Gram-positive organisms appears to be somewhat sim ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.