Clostridium and Bacillus Binary Enterotoxins
... (16S rRNA) as well as the toxin (Sa and Sb) genes have now been published [75]. A vaccine consisting of formalin-toxoided, C. spiroforme culture supernatant has been used experimentally but subsequent efforts are lacking in the literature [76]. The importance of vaccine development is further sugges ...
... (16S rRNA) as well as the toxin (Sa and Sb) genes have now been published [75]. A vaccine consisting of formalin-toxoided, C. spiroforme culture supernatant has been used experimentally but subsequent efforts are lacking in the literature [76]. The importance of vaccine development is further sugges ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), from which the whole fetus develops later. (Snow and Bennett, 1978; Skreb et al., 1991; Tam et al., 2006; Tam and Loebel, 2007; Solnica-Krezel and Sepich, 2012) The term gastrulation is derived from ...
... morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), from which the whole fetus develops later. (Snow and Bennett, 1978; Skreb et al., 1991; Tam et al., 2006; Tam and Loebel, 2007; Solnica-Krezel and Sepich, 2012) The term gastrulation is derived from ...
Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart
... The heart of creatures is the foundation of life, the Prince of all, the sun of their microcosm, from where all vigor and strength does flow. —William Harvey, De Motu Cordis, 1628 ...
... The heart of creatures is the foundation of life, the Prince of all, the sun of their microcosm, from where all vigor and strength does flow. —William Harvey, De Motu Cordis, 1628 ...
Lateral root initiation is a probabilistic event whose frequency is set
... meristem is supported by the fact that the spatial pattern of LRP formation depends on TIR1/AFB family auxin receptors. These F-box proteins work in conjunction with the SCFTIR/AFB E3 ubiquitin ligase to target and degrade specific proteins in response to auxin. Degradation of AUX/IAA proteins liber ...
... meristem is supported by the fact that the spatial pattern of LRP formation depends on TIR1/AFB family auxin receptors. These F-box proteins work in conjunction with the SCFTIR/AFB E3 ubiquitin ligase to target and degrade specific proteins in response to auxin. Degradation of AUX/IAA proteins liber ...
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... of DNA-bound ORCs [40]. At least 10-fold more origins can be licensed than are strictly required for complete replication under normal circumstances, though the degree of origin licensing likely varies among cells, tissues, and species [41–43]. In vitro, loaded MCM double hexamers can slide along DN ...
... of DNA-bound ORCs [40]. At least 10-fold more origins can be licensed than are strictly required for complete replication under normal circumstances, though the degree of origin licensing likely varies among cells, tissues, and species [41–43]. In vitro, loaded MCM double hexamers can slide along DN ...
Retinoblastoma Protein Contains a C-terminal - Bio
... cyclin-cdk2 complexes. This model is supported by analysis of the cyclin A-cdk2-p27 crystal structure (79). We previously showed that a peptide replica of the abovementioned motif, derived from E2F1, blocked the phosphorylation of pRB by cyclin A-associated kinase activity (2). pRB, unlike E2F1 and ...
... cyclin-cdk2 complexes. This model is supported by analysis of the cyclin A-cdk2-p27 crystal structure (79). We previously showed that a peptide replica of the abovementioned motif, derived from E2F1, blocked the phosphorylation of pRB by cyclin A-associated kinase activity (2). pRB, unlike E2F1 and ...
Materials and Methods
... cows with SCC of less than 500 000 per ml milk were selected. Milk from these quarters contained no viable cells of S. aureus, as determined by plating onto Baird-Parker Agar (Biolab). Five of the quarters were infused with 1 ml encapsulated peptide AS-48 (6400 AU/ml), followed by 2 ml of S. aureus ...
... cows with SCC of less than 500 000 per ml milk were selected. Milk from these quarters contained no viable cells of S. aureus, as determined by plating onto Baird-Parker Agar (Biolab). Five of the quarters were infused with 1 ml encapsulated peptide AS-48 (6400 AU/ml), followed by 2 ml of S. aureus ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... when the protease separase is activated to cleave cohesin's Rad21 subunit [3,28,29]. In higher eukaryotes, but not in budding yeast, a significant fraction of cohesin is already released from chromosome arms as chromosomes condense in prophase. This prophase pathway of cohesin removal is independent ...
... when the protease separase is activated to cleave cohesin's Rad21 subunit [3,28,29]. In higher eukaryotes, but not in budding yeast, a significant fraction of cohesin is already released from chromosome arms as chromosomes condense in prophase. This prophase pathway of cohesin removal is independent ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
... 1988; Morgan et al., 1993; Ohta et al., 1989). The phosphorylated form of ADF lacks the ability to bind monomeric actin, and to affect the rate and extent of actin assembly. The fraction of ADF in the phosphorylated form varies from 0.15 to 0.6 in different cells and tissues (Morgan et al., 1993). I ...
Alternative splicing of human cyclin E - Journal of Cell Science
... in different cell lines we observed a second minor RNA species that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorter cyclin E RNA, termed cyclin Es, was detected by PCR analysis of cDNA from 6 different cell lines, i.e. the smal ...
... in different cell lines we observed a second minor RNA species that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorter cyclin E RNA, termed cyclin Es, was detected by PCR analysis of cDNA from 6 different cell lines, i.e. the smal ...
Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
Airway surface liquid pH in well-differentiated airway - AJP-Cell
... CaCl2, and 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4, and the apical surface was exposed to a humidified 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere. In some experiments, perfusate pH was adjusted to 6.0–8.0 by titration with HCl/NaOH (for HCO3⫺-free buffer) or NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 (for HCO3⫺-containing buffer). For ion substitution experime ...
... CaCl2, and 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4, and the apical surface was exposed to a humidified 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere. In some experiments, perfusate pH was adjusted to 6.0–8.0 by titration with HCl/NaOH (for HCO3⫺-free buffer) or NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 (for HCO3⫺-containing buffer). For ion substitution experime ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major cellular phosphatase that plays well-characterized roles in diverse processes including glycogen metabolism, circadian rhythms and cell division. Humans possess a single PP1α gene, a single PP1β gene (also known as PP1δ) and a singl ...
... Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major cellular phosphatase that plays well-characterized roles in diverse processes including glycogen metabolism, circadian rhythms and cell division. Humans possess a single PP1α gene, a single PP1β gene (also known as PP1δ) and a singl ...
A Simple and Rapid Protocol for Producing Yeast Extract from
... the three commercial yeast extracts in terms of bacterial growth properties. One of the main advantages of the current method was that no chemicals and enzymes were used, leading to the reduced production cost. The method is very simple and cost effective, and can be performed in a reasonable time m ...
... the three commercial yeast extracts in terms of bacterial growth properties. One of the main advantages of the current method was that no chemicals and enzymes were used, leading to the reduced production cost. The method is very simple and cost effective, and can be performed in a reasonable time m ...
Activation of ryanodine receptors induces calcium influx in a
... ubiquitous signals triggering a wide spectrum of biological events, including fast responses such as contraction and secretion in addition to slower long-lasting changes in the growth properties of cells [1]. A large number of cells mediate the increases in cytosolic Ca2+ through the activation of r ...
... ubiquitous signals triggering a wide spectrum of biological events, including fast responses such as contraction and secretion in addition to slower long-lasting changes in the growth properties of cells [1]. A large number of cells mediate the increases in cytosolic Ca2+ through the activation of r ...
A Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Ammonium
... Ammonium (NH4+) is both a necessary nutrient and an important signal in plants, but can be toxic in excess. Ammonium sensing and regulatory mechanisms in plant cells have not been fully elucidated. To decipher the complex network of NH4+ signaling, we analyzed [Ca2+]cyt-associated protein kinase (CA ...
... Ammonium (NH4+) is both a necessary nutrient and an important signal in plants, but can be toxic in excess. Ammonium sensing and regulatory mechanisms in plant cells have not been fully elucidated. To decipher the complex network of NH4+ signaling, we analyzed [Ca2+]cyt-associated protein kinase (CA ...
Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
... ATP per day through oxidative phosphorylation – in order to sustain cardiac mechanical function (Hall et al. 2014). In addition to ATP production, mitochondria regulate cell death and survival by integrating a range of cellular signals; they are also the primary source of reactive oxygen species (RO ...
... ATP per day through oxidative phosphorylation – in order to sustain cardiac mechanical function (Hall et al. 2014). In addition to ATP production, mitochondria regulate cell death and survival by integrating a range of cellular signals; they are also the primary source of reactive oxygen species (RO ...
–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1 Induction of stable ER potassium channels
... <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno-electron microscopy. HEK cells were either mock transfected ( ...
... <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno-electron microscopy. HEK cells were either mock transfected ( ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno-electron microscopy. HEK cells were either mock transfected ( ...
... <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno-electron microscopy. HEK cells were either mock transfected ( ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... of interphase cells, and that spreads throughout the cytoplasm and associates with parts of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Without APC/C, cells cannot separate their sister chromatids in anaphase, they cannot exit from mitosis and divide into two daughter cells, and they cannot initiate the s ...
... of interphase cells, and that spreads throughout the cytoplasm and associates with parts of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Without APC/C, cells cannot separate their sister chromatids in anaphase, they cannot exit from mitosis and divide into two daughter cells, and they cannot initiate the s ...
Running Head: Superresolution of cortical
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
... at video rates (Marc et al., 1998; Shaw et al., 2013). However, the bulk of plant cells organized ...
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... (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues have been separated. In transfilter cultures the epithelial ureter ...
... (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues have been separated. In transfilter cultures the epithelial ureter ...