Establishment and molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 - UvA-DARE
... For the HIV‑1 infected individual the situation is more complex because the creation and persistence of a latent reservoir coincides with ongoing virus replication in other cells. This creates a very dynamic situation in which new virus variants replenish the latent reservoir but, at the same time, ...
... For the HIV‑1 infected individual the situation is more complex because the creation and persistence of a latent reservoir coincides with ongoing virus replication in other cells. This creates a very dynamic situation in which new virus variants replenish the latent reservoir but, at the same time, ...
Viruses are not alive but affect living things.
... patients. The most infectious patients were enclosed in tents. Others were made as comfortable as possible on beds outside. Since viruses such as influenza can spread quickly, the camp was isolated from the rest of the community. Plant viruses can stunt plant growth and kill plants. When plant virus ...
... patients. The most infectious patients were enclosed in tents. Others were made as comfortable as possible on beds outside. Since viruses such as influenza can spread quickly, the camp was isolated from the rest of the community. Plant viruses can stunt plant growth and kill plants. When plant virus ...
Physio Lecture 5 Erythropoiesis
... cell by just Inserting four genes into a multipotent cell! To make a good RBC, you need to start with good ingredients: a good hemocytoblast, proper nucleotides, folic acid, vitamin B12, and other vitamins. You also need growth inducers, differentiation markers (signals), amino acids (Adenine, Thymi ...
... cell by just Inserting four genes into a multipotent cell! To make a good RBC, you need to start with good ingredients: a good hemocytoblast, proper nucleotides, folic acid, vitamin B12, and other vitamins. You also need growth inducers, differentiation markers (signals), amino acids (Adenine, Thymi ...
Module 1 Notes
... membrane structure. The function of proteins in membranes as receptors and carriers. The relationship between membrane structure and the ability of membranes to control the movement of substances through them. Diffusion as the passive movement of substances in the direction of a concentration grad ...
... membrane structure. The function of proteins in membranes as receptors and carriers. The relationship between membrane structure and the ability of membranes to control the movement of substances through them. Diffusion as the passive movement of substances in the direction of a concentration grad ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
... Wu et al., 2001; Zhou et al., 2001a). Whereas Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila have only one CED-12 protein, mammals possess three orthologues of ELMO (ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3) and numerous Dock family proteins (Cote and Vuori, 2002; Meller et al., 2005), some of which also interact with ELMO1 ( ...
... Wu et al., 2001; Zhou et al., 2001a). Whereas Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila have only one CED-12 protein, mammals possess three orthologues of ELMO (ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3) and numerous Dock family proteins (Cote and Vuori, 2002; Meller et al., 2005), some of which also interact with ELMO1 ( ...
Cell types
... Cell types Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
... Cell types Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
PDF
... enclosing the blastocyst cavity and the inner cell mass (ICM). By the late blastocyst, the PrE appears as a conspicuous layer of cells on the surface of the ICM lining the cavity, with deeper cells comprising the pluripotent epiblast (EPI), which gives rise to the embryo proper. The initial differen ...
... enclosing the blastocyst cavity and the inner cell mass (ICM). By the late blastocyst, the PrE appears as a conspicuous layer of cells on the surface of the ICM lining the cavity, with deeper cells comprising the pluripotent epiblast (EPI), which gives rise to the embryo proper. The initial differen ...
Cellular Mechanics
... • Cell Adhesion also occurs in the blood • Under most circumstances, all blood cells try to keep from sticking to the wall. • When a Leukocyte goes on the hunt… • Cell Rolling • Cell Adhesion ...
... • Cell Adhesion also occurs in the blood • Under most circumstances, all blood cells try to keep from sticking to the wall. • When a Leukocyte goes on the hunt… • Cell Rolling • Cell Adhesion ...
The role of Pex3p in early events of peroxisome biogenesis in
... endomembrane system in one specific case of peroxisome biogenesis. We showed that synthesis of the first 50 amino acids of Pex3p (Pex3p[1-50]) resulted in the formation of vesicles that arose from the nuclear envelope (Faber et al., 2002, chapter 4). These vesicles had the potential to develop into ...
... endomembrane system in one specific case of peroxisome biogenesis. We showed that synthesis of the first 50 amino acids of Pex3p (Pex3p[1-50]) resulted in the formation of vesicles that arose from the nuclear envelope (Faber et al., 2002, chapter 4). These vesicles had the potential to develop into ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Plant Cell Walls and Growth Cellulose: ordered chains made of glucose linked b 1-4 • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tigh ...
... Plant Cell Walls and Growth Cellulose: ordered chains made of glucose linked b 1-4 • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tigh ...
Epithelial repair is a two-stage process driven first by dying cells and
... from the epithelium either apically (Rosenblatt et al., 2001) or basally (Slattum et al., 2009), and the latter has been suggested to be a possible cause of cancer progression (Marshall et al., 2011). Recently, cell extrusion has also been shown to play a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis (Eise ...
... from the epithelium either apically (Rosenblatt et al., 2001) or basally (Slattum et al., 2009), and the latter has been suggested to be a possible cause of cancer progression (Marshall et al., 2011). Recently, cell extrusion has also been shown to play a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis (Eise ...
Lyt-23+ CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-SENSITIVE T CELLS REGULATE
... for each protein was plotted (linear scale) against the corresponding molecular weight (logarithmic scale) . 1 ml of nonprecipitable serum constituents [at 50% concentration of (NH4)2SO4] was applied to the column and effluent fractions were dialyzed against medium . The elution position of Il2 inhi ...
... for each protein was plotted (linear scale) against the corresponding molecular weight (logarithmic scale) . 1 ml of nonprecipitable serum constituents [at 50% concentration of (NH4)2SO4] was applied to the column and effluent fractions were dialyzed against medium . The elution position of Il2 inhi ...
Full-Text PDF
... co-transfected with plasmids expressing gD or gH/gL in combination with gM-Cherry or gK-Cherry and pUL20-GFP and incubated with gD- or gH/gL-specific antibodies for 1 h at 37 °C before fixation. In this assay, cells are only exposed to the gD and gH/gL-specific antibodies while they are living and i ...
... co-transfected with plasmids expressing gD or gH/gL in combination with gM-Cherry or gK-Cherry and pUL20-GFP and incubated with gD- or gH/gL-specific antibodies for 1 h at 37 °C before fixation. In this assay, cells are only exposed to the gD and gH/gL-specific antibodies while they are living and i ...
intracellular accumulations
... 4. An abnormal exogenous substance is deposited and accumulates because the cell has neither the enzymatic machinery to degrade the substance nor the ability to transport it to ...
... 4. An abnormal exogenous substance is deposited and accumulates because the cell has neither the enzymatic machinery to degrade the substance nor the ability to transport it to ...
BSc.-I Medical - DAV College Jalandhar
... Stains and dyes are frequently used to highlight structures in microbes for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Staining may be single or double. 1. Single Stain: Safranin or fast green is used to stain filaments of lagae, fungi, sections of bryophytes, spores of pteridophytes, pol ...
... Stains and dyes are frequently used to highlight structures in microbes for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Staining may be single or double. 1. Single Stain: Safranin or fast green is used to stain filaments of lagae, fungi, sections of bryophytes, spores of pteridophytes, pol ...
Resveratrol Inhibits Proliferation and Survival of Epstein Barr Virus
... antigens (LMP1, LMP2A, and LMP2B), is present in most immunodeficiency-related B-cell lymphomas and in the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) obtained by in vitro infection of B lymphocytes; latency II program, corresponding to the expression of EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2, is mostly related to nasopharyngea ...
... antigens (LMP1, LMP2A, and LMP2B), is present in most immunodeficiency-related B-cell lymphomas and in the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) obtained by in vitro infection of B lymphocytes; latency II program, corresponding to the expression of EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2, is mostly related to nasopharyngea ...
... His lab also uses metals to encourage the molecules to assemble, and the researchers have observed how the molecules ‘grow’ structures that are new to chemistry. They are also exploring how custom-built biosensors can report changes in their environment by altering their luminescent properties. “In ...
Measuring forces and stresses in situ in living tissues
... Measurements of forces and stresses have up to now mainly been performed in cells in culture (Addae-Mensah and Wikswo, 2008; Kollmannsberger and Fabry, 2011). Recently, there is an increasing body of literature on methods (and applications thereof ), either transferred from in vitro to in vivo, or s ...
... Measurements of forces and stresses have up to now mainly been performed in cells in culture (Addae-Mensah and Wikswo, 2008; Kollmannsberger and Fabry, 2011). Recently, there is an increasing body of literature on methods (and applications thereof ), either transferred from in vitro to in vivo, or s ...
MicroRNA-regulated gene networks during mammary cell
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in stem cell biology, differentiation and oncogenesis and are of high interest as potential breast cancer therapeutics. However, their expression and function during normal mammary differentiation and in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. In order to identif ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in stem cell biology, differentiation and oncogenesis and are of high interest as potential breast cancer therapeutics. However, their expression and function during normal mammary differentiation and in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. In order to identif ...
NPSN11 Is a Cell Plate-Associated SNARE
... mammalian VTI1b group of SNAREs, although they share only a low level of homology (Fig. 1). On the other hand, other putative Arabidopsis SNARE families, such as the MEMBRIN- or GOS1-like groups, share branches with their likely orthologs (Fig. 1; for further discussion, see Sanderfoot et al., 2000) ...
... mammalian VTI1b group of SNAREs, although they share only a low level of homology (Fig. 1). On the other hand, other putative Arabidopsis SNARE families, such as the MEMBRIN- or GOS1-like groups, share branches with their likely orthologs (Fig. 1; for further discussion, see Sanderfoot et al., 2000) ...
Tyrosine kinase receptor-activated signal transduction
... Figure 1 Multiple pathways contribute to cellular transformation. Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases are pleiotropic, activating numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Grb2 and Shc (not shown) associate with activated receptors and participate in the activation of Ras, a small molecular weight ...
... Figure 1 Multiple pathways contribute to cellular transformation. Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases are pleiotropic, activating numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Grb2 and Shc (not shown) associate with activated receptors and participate in the activation of Ras, a small molecular weight ...
effeot of moisture stress on submicrosoopic struoture of maize roots
... incubated for 17 hr in the nutrient medium, the only change observed was disintegration of polysomes into monosomes. Only this change can thus be considered as due to the detachment of the root tips from the plant. The reduction in amount of endoplasmic reticulum and number of golgi bodies seems to ...
... incubated for 17 hr in the nutrient medium, the only change observed was disintegration of polysomes into monosomes. Only this change can thus be considered as due to the detachment of the root tips from the plant. The reduction in amount of endoplasmic reticulum and number of golgi bodies seems to ...
Document
... Which statement is false? a. Enzymes do not make anything happen that could not happen on its own. They just make it happen much faster. b. The enzyme is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction - it remains unchanged c. An enzyme usually works for the forward but not the reverse re ...
... Which statement is false? a. Enzymes do not make anything happen that could not happen on its own. They just make it happen much faster. b. The enzyme is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction - it remains unchanged c. An enzyme usually works for the forward but not the reverse re ...
01st lecture
... • All proteins have a fixed sequence of amino acids. This must be exactly (re)produced in the biosynthesis. • The sequence is stored in the DNA encoded (genetic code, 64 different base triplets). This information is transcripted to mRNA in the nucleus. • The mRNA moves out of nucleus an the assembly ...
... • All proteins have a fixed sequence of amino acids. This must be exactly (re)produced in the biosynthesis. • The sequence is stored in the DNA encoded (genetic code, 64 different base triplets). This information is transcripted to mRNA in the nucleus. • The mRNA moves out of nucleus an the assembly ...
1 The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in
... In the primary cell wall, cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by a hexameric protein complex called cellulose synthase (CESA). Each hexamer is comprised of six CESA proteins that each synthesize a β-1,4-linked glucan chain. A combination of expression analyses, genetic studies, and co-im ...
... In the primary cell wall, cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by a hexameric protein complex called cellulose synthase (CESA). Each hexamer is comprised of six CESA proteins that each synthesize a β-1,4-linked glucan chain. A combination of expression analyses, genetic studies, and co-im ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.