Myeloid RelA regulates pulmonary host defense networks and R. Bals*
... warning signal that causes the local innate host defense system to switch from continuous noninflammatory protection towards an inflammatory activation of host defense. The aim of the study was to characterise the role of the myeloid NF-kB RelA subunit in host defense cells and to test whether the i ...
... warning signal that causes the local innate host defense system to switch from continuous noninflammatory protection towards an inflammatory activation of host defense. The aim of the study was to characterise the role of the myeloid NF-kB RelA subunit in host defense cells and to test whether the i ...
Bridging the divide between cytokinesis and cell
... underlying cellular membrane. The plant primary cell wall is a complex and heavily cross-linked polysaccharide made up of crystalline cellulose microfibrils within a matrix of hemicelluloses and pectins [23]. Regulated pectin cross-linking functions to allow cellulose microfibril separation during c ...
... underlying cellular membrane. The plant primary cell wall is a complex and heavily cross-linked polysaccharide made up of crystalline cellulose microfibrils within a matrix of hemicelluloses and pectins [23]. Regulated pectin cross-linking functions to allow cellulose microfibril separation during c ...
The Boron Requirement and Cell Wall Properties
... deficiency, the smaller number of cells per gram fresh weight (4.23 3 107 in the boron-deficient culture and 5.91 3 107 in the control culture) may be correlated with fewer chromoplasts on a volume and dry-weight basis. This may explain the observed reduction in flavonol content (to 75% of the contr ...
... deficiency, the smaller number of cells per gram fresh weight (4.23 3 107 in the boron-deficient culture and 5.91 3 107 in the control culture) may be correlated with fewer chromoplasts on a volume and dry-weight basis. This may explain the observed reduction in flavonol content (to 75% of the contr ...
Kang, J., A. Volkmann, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Evidence that gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell fate determination is initiated independently of T cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 193:689-698.
... (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR signals that are appropriate to the predetermined lineage ensure cell ...
... (5, 6). At the other end of the spectrum is the view that lineage commitment is initially TCR independent, with committed cells able to subsequently rearrange all three relevant TCR genes (␥, ␦, and ) (4, 6–9). In this model, TCR signals that are appropriate to the predetermined lineage ensure cell ...
Relaxation and Molecular Dynamics
... - If oscillations are large convergence is slow - May get trapped in wrong local minimum ...
... - If oscillations are large convergence is slow - May get trapped in wrong local minimum ...
Epithelial Integrin O/6~4: Complete Primary Structure of and Variant
... integrin 0/and/3 chains, respectively. However, they contain unique structural features which may suggest novel functional properties. ...
... integrin 0/and/3 chains, respectively. However, they contain unique structural features which may suggest novel functional properties. ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... Fig. 2 Asymmetric cell divisions are commonly regulated in three steps. a Silvetia compressa eggs are spherical in shape with no obvious asymmetries, and polarization (I) is first manifested morphologically several hours after fertilization when increased secretion on one hemisphere produces a bulge, ...
... Fig. 2 Asymmetric cell divisions are commonly regulated in three steps. a Silvetia compressa eggs are spherical in shape with no obvious asymmetries, and polarization (I) is first manifested morphologically several hours after fertilization when increased secretion on one hemisphere produces a bulge, ...
Embryo_seedling
... also be stored in thickened cell walls (of endosperm or cotyledons) composed mostly of hemicelluloses. Protein is stored in granules enclosed in membrane derived from the tonoplast and may consist of globulins. Oil is stored as triglyceride in cytoplasmic granules, which may be bound by a unit membr ...
... also be stored in thickened cell walls (of endosperm or cotyledons) composed mostly of hemicelluloses. Protein is stored in granules enclosed in membrane derived from the tonoplast and may consist of globulins. Oil is stored as triglyceride in cytoplasmic granules, which may be bound by a unit membr ...
Mathematical models of radiation action on living cells: From the
... obtained survival curves from bacillus irradiated by UV, X-rays or alpha-particles (Holweck, 1929; Lacassagne, 1929). Marie Curie analyzed the data and all these authors proposed the basis of the so-called quantum radiobiology: “to destroy a bacillus it is necessary that its sensitive zone absorbs a ...
... obtained survival curves from bacillus irradiated by UV, X-rays or alpha-particles (Holweck, 1929; Lacassagne, 1929). Marie Curie analyzed the data and all these authors proposed the basis of the so-called quantum radiobiology: “to destroy a bacillus it is necessary that its sensitive zone absorbs a ...
Yeast as a Model Organism to Study Transport and
... lacking Nha1p compared to the wild type or Nha1poverexpressing strains (Sychrová et al. 1999). As is obvious from Nha1p’s dependence on the gradient of protons across the plasma membrane, the highest sodium or potassium efflux mediated by this transporter occurs at acidic external pH values. If the ...
... lacking Nha1p compared to the wild type or Nha1poverexpressing strains (Sychrová et al. 1999). As is obvious from Nha1p’s dependence on the gradient of protons across the plasma membrane, the highest sodium or potassium efflux mediated by this transporter occurs at acidic external pH values. If the ...
Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen
... approximately twofold higher compared with unactivated MCs (Fig. 3, D and E; and Fig. S3). Similar force measurements between actMCs and fibroblasts (Fig. 3 E) showed no enhanced interaction, confirming that the interactions between actMCs and DCs are specific. These results are consistent with the ...
... approximately twofold higher compared with unactivated MCs (Fig. 3, D and E; and Fig. S3). Similar force measurements between actMCs and fibroblasts (Fig. 3 E) showed no enhanced interaction, confirming that the interactions between actMCs and DCs are specific. These results are consistent with the ...
Great Expectations for PIP: Phosphoinositides as Regulators of
... and survival of early mammalian embryos. Mammalian preimplantation embryos can develop and survive in vitro in the absence of exogenous growth factors, suggesting that an intrinsic factor can act to maintain proliferation and prevent cell death. Through the use of an isolated GFP-tagged PH domain fr ...
... and survival of early mammalian embryos. Mammalian preimplantation embryos can develop and survive in vitro in the absence of exogenous growth factors, suggesting that an intrinsic factor can act to maintain proliferation and prevent cell death. Through the use of an isolated GFP-tagged PH domain fr ...
Mechanics of the Cvtoskeleton
... them. This movementwill thereforedeterminethe orientationof cellulosemicrofibrils and thus the anisotropyof the cell wall. It is at this point that the microtubules come into play. ln fact, it was cell-wall anisotropythat led Green (1962) to predict that microtubulesmust exist even beforethey were a ...
... them. This movementwill thereforedeterminethe orientationof cellulosemicrofibrils and thus the anisotropyof the cell wall. It is at this point that the microtubules come into play. ln fact, it was cell-wall anisotropythat led Green (1962) to predict that microtubulesmust exist even beforethey were a ...
The Cellular Mechanism of Epithelial Rearrangement during
... The hypodermis arises as a patch of cells in the posterior of the embryo, and the morphogenetic processes of dorsal intercalation and ventral enclosure occur at approximately the same time on opposite sides of the embryo. During the process of intercalation, the two central rows of cells interdigita ...
... The hypodermis arises as a patch of cells in the posterior of the embryo, and the morphogenetic processes of dorsal intercalation and ventral enclosure occur at approximately the same time on opposite sides of the embryo. During the process of intercalation, the two central rows of cells interdigita ...
Sensitizing B Cells for TLR2 Ligands Cell
... Crude extracts of S. aureus contain a variety of molecules derived from both the bacterial cell wall as well as from the cytosol. In addition to SpA, such mixtures represent structurally nondefined pathogen-associated molecular patterns containing CpG DNA, wall teichoic acids (WTA), lipoteichoic aci ...
... Crude extracts of S. aureus contain a variety of molecules derived from both the bacterial cell wall as well as from the cytosol. In addition to SpA, such mixtures represent structurally nondefined pathogen-associated molecular patterns containing CpG DNA, wall teichoic acids (WTA), lipoteichoic aci ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... 1 and several kinesin family motors [5–12]. Several of these motors are recruited by lysosome associated small GTPases and their effector proteins [1]. A number of pathways leading to motor recruitment and modulation of lysosome transport/distribution have emerged. To drive transport towards the plu ...
... 1 and several kinesin family motors [5–12]. Several of these motors are recruited by lysosome associated small GTPases and their effector proteins [1]. A number of pathways leading to motor recruitment and modulation of lysosome transport/distribution have emerged. To drive transport towards the plu ...
Chapter 3 *Lecture PowerPoint Cellular Form and
... • Theodor Schwann concluded, about two centuries later, that all animal tissues are made of cells ...
... • Theodor Schwann concluded, about two centuries later, that all animal tissues are made of cells ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in
... the C terminus with green fluorescent protein (GFP). After immunoprecipitation using the anti-GFP antibody, we detected SEC10, SEC15b, and EXO70A1 by matrix-assisted laserdesorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry in bands excised from the polyacrylamide gel; these bands were not ...
... the C terminus with green fluorescent protein (GFP). After immunoprecipitation using the anti-GFP antibody, we detected SEC10, SEC15b, and EXO70A1 by matrix-assisted laserdesorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry in bands excised from the polyacrylamide gel; these bands were not ...
Regenerative medicine in dermatology: biomaterials, tissue
... domains of Suprathel (PolyMedics Innovations GmbH, Denkendorf, Germany) are second-degree burns and donor sites of skin transplantation. Promising advantages are a rapid painless re-epithelialization and the possibility of application next to utilized regions like joints (31). Being engineered alre ...
... domains of Suprathel (PolyMedics Innovations GmbH, Denkendorf, Germany) are second-degree burns and donor sites of skin transplantation. Promising advantages are a rapid painless re-epithelialization and the possibility of application next to utilized regions like joints (31). Being engineered alre ...
PDF
... within a specialized niche, called the bulge (Cotsarelis et al., 1990; Oshima et al., 2001; Taylor et al., 2000), and (2) a cluster of mesenchymal cells that have hair-inducing abilities called dermal papilla (Jahoda et al., 1984) (Fig. 1). On the basis of these findings, a bulge-centric model was i ...
... within a specialized niche, called the bulge (Cotsarelis et al., 1990; Oshima et al., 2001; Taylor et al., 2000), and (2) a cluster of mesenchymal cells that have hair-inducing abilities called dermal papilla (Jahoda et al., 1984) (Fig. 1). On the basis of these findings, a bulge-centric model was i ...
Secondary Antibody Responses Immune Complex
... these cells are not numerous enough to account for the observed population. One possible explanation for this population is that some or all of these non-germinal center-derived cells are naive B cells that have been activated only upon secondary Ag exposure. If this were true (i.e., that a large po ...
... these cells are not numerous enough to account for the observed population. One possible explanation for this population is that some or all of these non-germinal center-derived cells are naive B cells that have been activated only upon secondary Ag exposure. If this were true (i.e., that a large po ...
Isolation of a novel population of multipotent stem cells
... all samples. Cells were incubated in the dark at room temperature for 20 min and then washed with 2 ml PBS. The samples incubated in the dark for an additional 15 min and then washed again. These cells were resuspended in 200 μl of PBS containing Propidium iodide (1 mg/ml) ...
... all samples. Cells were incubated in the dark at room temperature for 20 min and then washed with 2 ml PBS. The samples incubated in the dark for an additional 15 min and then washed again. These cells were resuspended in 200 μl of PBS containing Propidium iodide (1 mg/ml) ...
THE SEPARATION OF DIFFERENT CELL CLASSES FROM
... of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and polymorphs . (b) A temperature-independent and selective trapping by "physical adherence" of particular classes of lymphoid cells, including certain antibody-forming cells. (c) A "size-filtration" effect that traps larger cells, but only becomes significa ...
... of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and polymorphs . (b) A temperature-independent and selective trapping by "physical adherence" of particular classes of lymphoid cells, including certain antibody-forming cells. (c) A "size-filtration" effect that traps larger cells, but only becomes significa ...
Naive T cell homeostasis: from awareness of space to a
... CD4+ T cells to non-lymphopenic MHC class II-gene knockout mice is feasible and presents no rejection concerns (owing to the fact that MHC class II molecules are not expressed by mouse T cells), similar studies on the transfer of CD8+ T cells to non-lymphopenic MHC class I-deficient mice are hampere ...
... CD4+ T cells to non-lymphopenic MHC class II-gene knockout mice is feasible and presents no rejection concerns (owing to the fact that MHC class II molecules are not expressed by mouse T cells), similar studies on the transfer of CD8+ T cells to non-lymphopenic MHC class I-deficient mice are hampere ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.