Sorting between the ER and Golgi
... 37°C, cycloheximide was added (100 µg/ml final concentration) and cells were imaged with or without the addition of ascorbate-2phosphate to a final concentration of 50 µg/ml. This concentration was found to give the most reproducible results with regard to the formation of PC-FP containing TCs and r ...
... 37°C, cycloheximide was added (100 µg/ml final concentration) and cells were imaged with or without the addition of ascorbate-2phosphate to a final concentration of 50 µg/ml. This concentration was found to give the most reproducible results with regard to the formation of PC-FP containing TCs and r ...
Syringolin Reprograms Wheat to Undergo
... effective when applied after rather than before the inoculation. Colonization of host tissue by powdery mildew was essentially stopped by syringolin A application at 2 days after the inoculation. This was also true if plants were more heavily inoculated, and the degree of infection was determined by ...
... effective when applied after rather than before the inoculation. Colonization of host tissue by powdery mildew was essentially stopped by syringolin A application at 2 days after the inoculation. This was also true if plants were more heavily inoculated, and the degree of infection was determined by ...
Paramecium trichocysts isolated with their membranes are stable in
... during the isolation procedure. The vesicles are stable in millimolar Ca2+ Although the trichocyst membranes in our preparations appear intact and 'native' by ultrastructural criteria, we also sought a biochemical test of their integrity. As the trichocyst crystalline matrix undergoes a structural t ...
... during the isolation procedure. The vesicles are stable in millimolar Ca2+ Although the trichocyst membranes in our preparations appear intact and 'native' by ultrastructural criteria, we also sought a biochemical test of their integrity. As the trichocyst crystalline matrix undergoes a structural t ...
1 by the Chemokines Macrophage Lymph Nodes During an Immune
... lymph nodes was associated with the accumulation of CD81 T cells in these tissues. The present experiments were designed to further define the potential in vivo role of MIP-1a and MIP-1b in recruitment of T cell subsets to lymph nodes during an immune response. The well-characterized murine model of ...
... lymph nodes was associated with the accumulation of CD81 T cells in these tissues. The present experiments were designed to further define the potential in vivo role of MIP-1a and MIP-1b in recruitment of T cell subsets to lymph nodes during an immune response. The well-characterized murine model of ...
FM Dyes Label Sterol-Rich Plasma Membrane
... Fig. 1 Heterogeneous labeling of the plasma membrane by FM dyes and filipin, and comparison with the distribution of cortical organelles in internodes of Chara corallina. (A–C) Double staining of the plasma membrane with FM4-64 (A), FM1-43 (B) and merged image (C). The asterisk in A indicates the po ...
... Fig. 1 Heterogeneous labeling of the plasma membrane by FM dyes and filipin, and comparison with the distribution of cortical organelles in internodes of Chara corallina. (A–C) Double staining of the plasma membrane with FM4-64 (A), FM1-43 (B) and merged image (C). The asterisk in A indicates the po ...
a-detailed-study-of
... macrophage monolayers with 0.1, 1 or 10 μl ml−1of MT1415 concentrated supernatants prepared as described above and diluted in L-15 medium containing 0.1% FBS and 1% P/S. Mock-treated wells and wells treated with the concentrated non-virulent ATCC 29690 bacterial supernatant were used as controls. Af ...
... macrophage monolayers with 0.1, 1 or 10 μl ml−1of MT1415 concentrated supernatants prepared as described above and diluted in L-15 medium containing 0.1% FBS and 1% P/S. Mock-treated wells and wells treated with the concentrated non-virulent ATCC 29690 bacterial supernatant were used as controls. Af ...
Chapter 2.3 Active Cell Processes: Motility, Muscle, and Mechanotransduction
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
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... membrane, the plasma membrane. Wall-less bacteria were first described 100 years ago, and now over 190 species, widely distributed among humans, animals, insects and plants, are known (88). The lack of a cell wall is used to distinguish these microorganisms from ordinary bacteria and to include them ...
... membrane, the plasma membrane. Wall-less bacteria were first described 100 years ago, and now over 190 species, widely distributed among humans, animals, insects and plants, are known (88). The lack of a cell wall is used to distinguish these microorganisms from ordinary bacteria and to include them ...
Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis
... 5⬘-AAC GTG ATT TAT GTC ACC AGA-3⬘. Inhibition of protein expression was assessed by immunoblot analysis after transfection with the siRNAs. Briefly, cells grown in 12-well dishes were transiently transfected with 20 nM siRNA using 6 l/ml siPORT Lipid (Ambion Inc.) in a total transfection volume of ...
... 5⬘-AAC GTG ATT TAT GTC ACC AGA-3⬘. Inhibition of protein expression was assessed by immunoblot analysis after transfection with the siRNAs. Briefly, cells grown in 12-well dishes were transiently transfected with 20 nM siRNA using 6 l/ml siPORT Lipid (Ambion Inc.) in a total transfection volume of ...
Molecular authenticity of neoplastic and normal lymphocytic leukemia patients
... none of these animal or co-culture systems completely mirrors the in vivo scenario [6]. Nevertheless, the importance of pro-survival influences from stromal-cell derived thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) [7-10], stem-cell factors produced by nurse-like cells [11], CD40L-transfected feeder cells [3], and macropha ...
... none of these animal or co-culture systems completely mirrors the in vivo scenario [6]. Nevertheless, the importance of pro-survival influences from stromal-cell derived thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) [7-10], stem-cell factors produced by nurse-like cells [11], CD40L-transfected feeder cells [3], and macropha ...
molecular mechanisms of mechanoperception in plants
... Mechanisms of Mechanoperception While it is very clear that plants tissues and cells sense and respond to mechanical signals, as summarized above, the various molecular mechanisms by which this is accomplished are still a major area of investigation. Below we describe current research into two major ...
... Mechanisms of Mechanoperception While it is very clear that plants tissues and cells sense and respond to mechanical signals, as summarized above, the various molecular mechanisms by which this is accomplished are still a major area of investigation. Below we describe current research into two major ...
Recombinant Anti-CD4 antibody 13B8 - HAL
... 2.6. Radioactive quantification of acid sphingomyelinase activity Radioactive acid SMase assay was performed as previously described by Wiegmann et al. [21] and adapted by Jaffrézou et al. [22] and Grazide et al. [23]. Jurkat T cells were first incubated with or without 20 g/ml rIgG1 13B8.2 antibod ...
... 2.6. Radioactive quantification of acid sphingomyelinase activity Radioactive acid SMase assay was performed as previously described by Wiegmann et al. [21] and adapted by Jaffrézou et al. [22] and Grazide et al. [23]. Jurkat T cells were first incubated with or without 20 g/ml rIgG1 13B8.2 antibod ...
Changes in the expression of the carbohydrate
... some HNK-1-related proteins in common, while others are unique to specific tissues. Attempts have been made to identify these proteins using Western blots and antibodies known to recognize HNK-1related molecules, but none of the antibodies used identify the bands unique to any of the tissues studied ...
... some HNK-1-related proteins in common, while others are unique to specific tissues. Attempts have been made to identify these proteins using Western blots and antibodies known to recognize HNK-1related molecules, but none of the antibodies used identify the bands unique to any of the tissues studied ...
BET bromodomain inhibition suppresses TH17
... JQ1 blocked IL-17 production in a dose-dependent manner (not depicted), approaching full suppression at a concentration of 150 nM (Fig. 2 G). In keeping with the notion of a direct role of BET in controlling multiple effector TH17-enriched cytokines, JQ1 also abrogated IL-21 and GM-CSF production (F ...
... JQ1 blocked IL-17 production in a dose-dependent manner (not depicted), approaching full suppression at a concentration of 150 nM (Fig. 2 G). In keeping with the notion of a direct role of BET in controlling multiple effector TH17-enriched cytokines, JQ1 also abrogated IL-21 and GM-CSF production (F ...
Enrichment of Electrochemically Active Bacteria Using a Three
... the electrode surface consisted of live bacterial cells, and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria formed microcolonies throughout the electrode surface. These results suggest that the majority of the bacteria are presence in the biofilm, and the bacterial clumps were alive. Previous ...
... the electrode surface consisted of live bacterial cells, and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria formed microcolonies throughout the electrode surface. These results suggest that the majority of the bacteria are presence in the biofilm, and the bacterial clumps were alive. Previous ...
1 Cell polarity and asymmetric cell division: the C. elegans early
... PAR-2 plays a major role in the maintenance phase. To prevent the invasion of the anterior complex towards the posterior, PAR-2 (i) inhibits the reassembly of acto-myosin foci in the posterior pole, which, if it occurred, would trigger abnormal posterior-directed flows and the re-distribution of PAR ...
... PAR-2 plays a major role in the maintenance phase. To prevent the invasion of the anterior complex towards the posterior, PAR-2 (i) inhibits the reassembly of acto-myosin foci in the posterior pole, which, if it occurred, would trigger abnormal posterior-directed flows and the re-distribution of PAR ...
CD4 T Cell-Associated Pathophysiology Critically Depends on
... (CD18null), we were able to show that lack of the 2 integrin subunit markedly impairs T cell extravasation (20). Introduction of an insertion mutation in the murine CD18 gene resulting in a duplication of exons 2 and 3 yielded a mouse model with a severe reduction of CD18 expression with only 2–16% ...
... (CD18null), we were able to show that lack of the 2 integrin subunit markedly impairs T cell extravasation (20). Introduction of an insertion mutation in the murine CD18 gene resulting in a duplication of exons 2 and 3 yielded a mouse model with a severe reduction of CD18 expression with only 2–16% ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... CWPs that are linked through disulphide bridges to other CWPs. They will also include soluble precursor forms of covalently linked CWPs [26,29] or periplasmic enzymes that are released because the cell wall has become more permeable as a result of breaking disulphide bridges [30]. For example, the s ...
... CWPs that are linked through disulphide bridges to other CWPs. They will also include soluble precursor forms of covalently linked CWPs [26,29] or periplasmic enzymes that are released because the cell wall has become more permeable as a result of breaking disulphide bridges [30]. For example, the s ...
Regulated appearance of NMDA receptor subunits and channel
... PBS) for 20 min, at room temperature (RT). After rinsing, cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min. For staining with antibodies against NR1, NR2A, or NR2B generously provided by Prof. Watanabe (Hokkaido University, Japan), 2–3 min of 1 mg/mL pepsin pretreatment (dissolved in ...
... PBS) for 20 min, at room temperature (RT). After rinsing, cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min. For staining with antibodies against NR1, NR2A, or NR2B generously provided by Prof. Watanabe (Hokkaido University, Japan), 2–3 min of 1 mg/mL pepsin pretreatment (dissolved in ...
Development of differentiation assay in neuroblastoma to elucidate
... Poorly differentiated cancers present an aggressive phenotype – they grow quickly, have higher metastatic potential and are correlated with unfavourable outcome. The idea of differentiation therapy is therefore well understood. However, there’s no standard method to assess differentiation in neurobl ...
... Poorly differentiated cancers present an aggressive phenotype – they grow quickly, have higher metastatic potential and are correlated with unfavourable outcome. The idea of differentiation therapy is therefore well understood. However, there’s no standard method to assess differentiation in neurobl ...
explanation - mbhsbiologystaar
... code for all organisms and almost without exception, the same sets of 3 nucleotides (codons) code for the same amino acids, therefore human proteins can be produced by bacteria (we currently do this with insulin and human growth hormone) • The other answers are not correct because – bacteria do not ...
... code for all organisms and almost without exception, the same sets of 3 nucleotides (codons) code for the same amino acids, therefore human proteins can be produced by bacteria (we currently do this with insulin and human growth hormone) • The other answers are not correct because – bacteria do not ...
Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro and In Vivo Glycoprotein G (gG
... alphaherpesviruses, have been shown to express soluble viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP) that do not share sequence similarity with known chemokines or chemokine receptors. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae and a close relative to the causative agents of col ...
... alphaherpesviruses, have been shown to express soluble viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP) that do not share sequence similarity with known chemokines or chemokine receptors. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae and a close relative to the causative agents of col ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.