![REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013118159_1-3a9b2c6a524eebabd14b9e736d158f01-300x300.png)
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... A key aspect of our treatment is the introduction (or rather appropriation) of the term ‘morphodynamic’ (distinguished from ‘morphostatic’) to characterize complex developmental mechanisms in which inductive and morphogenetic mechanisms interact with one another in a reciprocal fashion. The need for ...
... A key aspect of our treatment is the introduction (or rather appropriation) of the term ‘morphodynamic’ (distinguished from ‘morphostatic’) to characterize complex developmental mechanisms in which inductive and morphogenetic mechanisms interact with one another in a reciprocal fashion. The need for ...
The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory
... provides an opportunity for the creation of biobanks and expansion of disease and patient-specific cells. Several groups are making progress towards the goal of differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells into AECs [4, 5]. Further advances will greatly facilitate studies of cell therapies, tissue ...
... provides an opportunity for the creation of biobanks and expansion of disease and patient-specific cells. Several groups are making progress towards the goal of differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells into AECs [4, 5]. Further advances will greatly facilitate studies of cell therapies, tissue ...
Hydrogen peroxide in the human body
... V35 WM) in human blood plasma [75^77], but others have claimed levels to be very low, at or close to zero [78]. The latter data seem more credible, since H2 O2 added to human plasma disappears rapidly. In part, it is degraded by the traces of catalase present, but H2 O2 can also react with heme prot ...
... V35 WM) in human blood plasma [75^77], but others have claimed levels to be very low, at or close to zero [78]. The latter data seem more credible, since H2 O2 added to human plasma disappears rapidly. In part, it is degraded by the traces of catalase present, but H2 O2 can also react with heme prot ...
Regulation of the cytoplasmic accumulation of 5
... confirmed by direct experimentation. Hydrolysis of this anchor could release the receptor from the membrane, thus explaining the difference between the membrane and soluble forms of this protein (14, 15). We have been interested in the cellular mechanism used by the folate receptor to mediate the ac ...
... confirmed by direct experimentation. Hydrolysis of this anchor could release the receptor from the membrane, thus explaining the difference between the membrane and soluble forms of this protein (14, 15). We have been interested in the cellular mechanism used by the folate receptor to mediate the ac ...
Lab 1
... Onion Root Tip Slide 1. Identify a cell in anaphase on a slide under a microscope and put the pointer on it. Call me over to check it and ask for my initials here: ________ Summary of Mitosis: Read about Cytokinesis on the next page (p. 70), before filling in the chart. sig. _____ Table 5.2 Comparis ...
... Onion Root Tip Slide 1. Identify a cell in anaphase on a slide under a microscope and put the pointer on it. Call me over to check it and ask for my initials here: ________ Summary of Mitosis: Read about Cytokinesis on the next page (p. 70), before filling in the chart. sig. _____ Table 5.2 Comparis ...
Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration
... can promote CNS regrowth3,4. Here we have extended the study of CNS maintenance to T cells. Activated T cells have been shown to enter the CNS parenchyma, irrespective of their antigen specificity, but only T cells capable of reacting with a CNS antigen seem to persist there5. T cells reactive to an ...
... can promote CNS regrowth3,4. Here we have extended the study of CNS maintenance to T cells. Activated T cells have been shown to enter the CNS parenchyma, irrespective of their antigen specificity, but only T cells capable of reacting with a CNS antigen seem to persist there5. T cells reactive to an ...
Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer therapeutics
... potential of GBM in intracranial xenografts (82). More convincingly, inhibition of MCT1 with highly selective and potent MCT1/ MCT2 inhibitors that were originally developed by AstraZeneca to block the proliferation of activated T cells (e.g., AR-C155858; refs. 83, 84) impairs the growth and tumorig ...
... potential of GBM in intracranial xenografts (82). More convincingly, inhibition of MCT1 with highly selective and potent MCT1/ MCT2 inhibitors that were originally developed by AstraZeneca to block the proliferation of activated T cells (e.g., AR-C155858; refs. 83, 84) impairs the growth and tumorig ...
Glypican-1 Is a Vehicle for Polyamine Uptake in Mammalian Cells
... and spermine NONOate and anti-nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) mAb were from Calbiochem. siRNA Preparation and Transfection—The vector pSilencer2.0-U6 (Ambion Inc., Austin, TX) containing the sequence GCTGGTCTACTGTGCTCAC (corresponding to nucleotides 977–995 in human Gpc-1) followed by the hairpin sequen ...
... and spermine NONOate and anti-nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) mAb were from Calbiochem. siRNA Preparation and Transfection—The vector pSilencer2.0-U6 (Ambion Inc., Austin, TX) containing the sequence GCTGGTCTACTGTGCTCAC (corresponding to nucleotides 977–995 in human Gpc-1) followed by the hairpin sequen ...
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic
... (V79) was identified that had an insertion in the IFT88 gene (Fig. 2 a). The fact that the single hybridizing band in wild-type cells was split into two bands in the mutant indicated that the selectable marker integrated into the gene within the region covered by the probe and did not result in a la ...
... (V79) was identified that had an insertion in the IFT88 gene (Fig. 2 a). The fact that the single hybridizing band in wild-type cells was split into two bands in the mutant indicated that the selectable marker integrated into the gene within the region covered by the probe and did not result in a la ...
Mosaic Genetic Screen for Suppressors of the de2f1 Mutant
... Heuvel and Dyson 2008). Studies of the phenotypes of de2f and rbf mutant and transgenic animals have provided clear insights into the critical roles of these genes in cell proliferation (Duronio et al. 1995, 1998; Royzman et al. 1997; Neufeld et al. 1998; Du and Dyson 1999; Cayirlioglu et al. 2001; ...
... Heuvel and Dyson 2008). Studies of the phenotypes of de2f and rbf mutant and transgenic animals have provided clear insights into the critical roles of these genes in cell proliferation (Duronio et al. 1995, 1998; Royzman et al. 1997; Neufeld et al. 1998; Du and Dyson 1999; Cayirlioglu et al. 2001; ...
Dominant negative connexin26 mutation R75W causing severe
... communication within the mammalian auditory organ. Results: In both non-transgenic (non-Tg) and R75W + mice, some GER cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics at P8. In the GER of non-Tg mice, both the total number of cells and the number of apoptotic cells decreased from P8 to P12. In contrast, ap ...
... communication within the mammalian auditory organ. Results: In both non-transgenic (non-Tg) and R75W + mice, some GER cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics at P8. In the GER of non-Tg mice, both the total number of cells and the number of apoptotic cells decreased from P8 to P12. In contrast, ap ...
生醫奈米影像技術
... chemical damage and covalent modification. Upon transition from an excited singlet state to the excited triplet state, fluorophores may interact with another molecule to produce irreversible covalent modifications. The triplet state is relatively long-lived with respect to the singlet state, thus al ...
... chemical damage and covalent modification. Upon transition from an excited singlet state to the excited triplet state, fluorophores may interact with another molecule to produce irreversible covalent modifications. The triplet state is relatively long-lived with respect to the singlet state, thus al ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... death. This death is induced by a pulse of the steroid hormone ecdysone that takes place at the end of the prepupal period. For many years, it has been thought that the ecdysone direct response gene Eip93F (E93) plays a critical role in initiating salivary gland cell death. This conclusion was ...
... death. This death is induced by a pulse of the steroid hormone ecdysone that takes place at the end of the prepupal period. For many years, it has been thought that the ecdysone direct response gene Eip93F (E93) plays a critical role in initiating salivary gland cell death. This conclusion was ...
OCTOPUS, a polarly localised membrane
... Arabidopsis genes that share a domain of unknown function (DUF740) (Nagawa et al., 2006) and display no other known protein motifs. The 686 amino acid long OPS protein has a glycine-rich domain at its C terminus, but its structure and glycine content does not classify OPS as a glycine-rich protein ( ...
... Arabidopsis genes that share a domain of unknown function (DUF740) (Nagawa et al., 2006) and display no other known protein motifs. The 686 amino acid long OPS protein has a glycine-rich domain at its C terminus, but its structure and glycine content does not classify OPS as a glycine-rich protein ( ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, d50-57, January 1, 2000] THE CONTROL
... to unattached kinetochores during mitosis (99). Additional genetic and biochemical studies have also shown that Bub1p, Bub3p, and Mps1p act upstream of Mad1p and Mad2p; whereas, Bub2p and Mad3p act either downstream of Mad proteins, or in a parallel pathway (98,101). Both the human and Xenopus homol ...
... to unattached kinetochores during mitosis (99). Additional genetic and biochemical studies have also shown that Bub1p, Bub3p, and Mps1p act upstream of Mad1p and Mad2p; whereas, Bub2p and Mad3p act either downstream of Mad proteins, or in a parallel pathway (98,101). Both the human and Xenopus homol ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. In both wild-type and fei1 fei2 double mutant root cells, the microtubules in the elongation zone were aligned primarily transversely to the axis of growth 3 d after transfer to nonpermissive conditions (see Supplemental Figure 9 online). This indicates t ...
... fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. In both wild-type and fei1 fei2 double mutant root cells, the microtubules in the elongation zone were aligned primarily transversely to the axis of growth 3 d after transfer to nonpermissive conditions (see Supplemental Figure 9 online). This indicates t ...
Germline stem cell niches
... LAG-2/GLP-1 signaling pathway achieves its specificity for GSC regulation by the restricted expression of LAG-2 in DTC and of GLP-1 in GSCs and early mitotic germ cells (Crittenden et al., 1994; Henderson et al., 1994; Fitzgerald and Greenwald, 1995). GLP-1/Notch signaling can directly activate expr ...
... LAG-2/GLP-1 signaling pathway achieves its specificity for GSC regulation by the restricted expression of LAG-2 in DTC and of GLP-1 in GSCs and early mitotic germ cells (Crittenden et al., 1994; Henderson et al., 1994; Fitzgerald and Greenwald, 1995). GLP-1/Notch signaling can directly activate expr ...
Cytokinesis of neuroepithelial cells can divide their basal process
... M-phase NE cell bodies but also their basal processes extending radially towards the basal side of the neuroepithelium. Arrowhead, a globular-shaped M-phase NE cell body. The asterisk indicates ectodermal cells, which were stained by the secondary anti-mouse antibody. V, ventricle; VZ, ventricular z ...
... M-phase NE cell bodies but also their basal processes extending radially towards the basal side of the neuroepithelium. Arrowhead, a globular-shaped M-phase NE cell body. The asterisk indicates ectodermal cells, which were stained by the secondary anti-mouse antibody. V, ventricle; VZ, ventricular z ...
Mercuric Conjugates of Cysteine Are Transported by the Amino Acid
... that were or were not stably transfected with system b0,⫹. These cells represent an immortalized line of renal epithelial cells derived from the distal nephron of a dog and were used for these experiments because they do not normally express b0,⫹AT or rBAT. Biochemical data from this study clearly i ...
... that were or were not stably transfected with system b0,⫹. These cells represent an immortalized line of renal epithelial cells derived from the distal nephron of a dog and were used for these experiments because they do not normally express b0,⫹AT or rBAT. Biochemical data from this study clearly i ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf-5 is
... together (under the dissecting microscope) on a layer of 10T1/2 cells, to which they adhered within 10 minutes, and the dishes were then carefully transferred to the incubator. Preliminary experiments had shown that 10T1/2 cells did not alter the extent of myogenic differentiation. In other experime ...
... together (under the dissecting microscope) on a layer of 10T1/2 cells, to which they adhered within 10 minutes, and the dishes were then carefully transferred to the incubator. Preliminary experiments had shown that 10T1/2 cells did not alter the extent of myogenic differentiation. In other experime ...
Activation of different myogenic pathways: myf
... together (under the dissecting microscope) on a layer of 10T1/2 cells, to which they adhered within 10 minutes, and the dishes were then carefully transferred to the incubator. Preliminary experiments had shown that 10T1/2 cells did not alter the extent of myogenic differentiation. In other experime ...
... together (under the dissecting microscope) on a layer of 10T1/2 cells, to which they adhered within 10 minutes, and the dishes were then carefully transferred to the incubator. Preliminary experiments had shown that 10T1/2 cells did not alter the extent of myogenic differentiation. In other experime ...
Bacteria Section 18.2 Summary – pages 484-495
... Bacteria Reproduction • Some bacteria communicate in a process called conjugation. • During conjugation, one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another bacteria through or on a bridge-like structure called a pilus that connects the two cells. ...
... Bacteria Reproduction • Some bacteria communicate in a process called conjugation. • During conjugation, one bacterium transfers all or part of its chromosome to another bacteria through or on a bridge-like structure called a pilus that connects the two cells. ...
GNOM-LIKE1/ERMO1 and SEC24a/ERMO2 Are
... et al., 2007; Teh and Moore, 2007). ARF-GEFs activate ARF, a small GTPase, which recruits various effector proteins. Similarly, GNL1 activates ARF proteins to initiate the formation of COPI vesicles, which are responsible for retrograde transport from the Golgi to ER (see Supplemental Figure 9 onlin ...
... et al., 2007; Teh and Moore, 2007). ARF-GEFs activate ARF, a small GTPase, which recruits various effector proteins. Similarly, GNL1 activates ARF proteins to initiate the formation of COPI vesicles, which are responsible for retrograde transport from the Golgi to ER (see Supplemental Figure 9 onlin ...
Syringolin Reprograms Wheat to Undergo
... effective when applied after rather than before the inoculation. Colonization of host tissue by powdery mildew was essentially stopped by syringolin A application at 2 days after the inoculation. This was also true if plants were more heavily inoculated, and the degree of infection was determined by ...
... effective when applied after rather than before the inoculation. Colonization of host tissue by powdery mildew was essentially stopped by syringolin A application at 2 days after the inoculation. This was also true if plants were more heavily inoculated, and the degree of infection was determined by ...
A Genome-Wide Screen for Bacterial Envelope Biogenesis Mutants
... significantly in recent years with the emergence of carbapenemresistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [10]. It is therefore important that new vulnerabilities in the Gram-negative envelope be identified to serve as targets for antibacterial drugs, o ...
... significantly in recent years with the emergence of carbapenemresistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [10]. It is therefore important that new vulnerabilities in the Gram-negative envelope be identified to serve as targets for antibacterial drugs, o ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.