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... a model based on the antagonistic role of auxin and cytokinin [58] reproduced visual and kinematic observations, such as the expected increase and decrease in the size of the meristem upon addition of auxin and cytokinin [59]. This suggests that a cross talk between these two hormones is essential f ...
... a model based on the antagonistic role of auxin and cytokinin [58] reproduced visual and kinematic observations, such as the expected increase and decrease in the size of the meristem upon addition of auxin and cytokinin [59]. This suggests that a cross talk between these two hormones is essential f ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... 5 kD that we have previously purified from granules of bovine neutrophils (11). These peptides have been called bactenecins, from the Latin words bacterium and necare (to kill), and are designated Bac7 and Bac5 in an abbreviated form. The basic tools in our studies have been specific antibodies rais ...
... 5 kD that we have previously purified from granules of bovine neutrophils (11). These peptides have been called bactenecins, from the Latin words bacterium and necare (to kill), and are designated Bac7 and Bac5 in an abbreviated form. The basic tools in our studies have been specific antibodies rais ...
HIV1 impairs in vitro priming of nave T cells and gives rise to
... CD41 T cells [8, 9], which reveals that the presence of high viral burden exerts negative and deleterious effects on host immune cells. The effects HIV-1 exerts on DC phenotypes and immune functions have been described in various in vitro experiments [10–14]. Individual HIV-1 proteins, such as nef, ...
... CD41 T cells [8, 9], which reveals that the presence of high viral burden exerts negative and deleterious effects on host immune cells. The effects HIV-1 exerts on DC phenotypes and immune functions have been described in various in vitro experiments [10–14]. Individual HIV-1 proteins, such as nef, ...
A Triad of Costimulatory Molecules Synergize to
... no evidence of apoptosis above that seen using the B7-1 vector was observed. Results using the TRICOM vectors were most dramatic under conditions of either low levels of first signal or low stimulator cell:T-cell ratios. Experiments using a four-gene construct also showed that TRICOM recombinants ca ...
... no evidence of apoptosis above that seen using the B7-1 vector was observed. Results using the TRICOM vectors were most dramatic under conditions of either low levels of first signal or low stimulator cell:T-cell ratios. Experiments using a four-gene construct also showed that TRICOM recombinants ca ...
Plant mitochondria move on F-actin, but their positioning in the
... Arabidopsis (Logan and Leaver, 2000) plant lines with GFP targeted to the mitochondria were developed. In Arabidopsis the heterogeneity in morphology and dynamics of mitochondria was described. Using the transformed tobacco plants (Köhler et al., 1997), mitochondrion movement and positioning in cel ...
... Arabidopsis (Logan and Leaver, 2000) plant lines with GFP targeted to the mitochondria were developed. In Arabidopsis the heterogeneity in morphology and dynamics of mitochondria was described. Using the transformed tobacco plants (Köhler et al., 1997), mitochondrion movement and positioning in cel ...
Control of Metabolism and Growth Through Insulin-Like
... The functional separation of IGF and insulin signaling that is seen in mammals dates to approximately 600 million years ago, as the two distinct types of molecules are already present in the lower metazoan tunicate phylum. Insects have a single insulin/IGF system that may correspond to the ancestor ...
... The functional separation of IGF and insulin signaling that is seen in mammals dates to approximately 600 million years ago, as the two distinct types of molecules are already present in the lower metazoan tunicate phylum. Insects have a single insulin/IGF system that may correspond to the ancestor ...
Ex vivo processing for maturation of Arabidopsis
... and gene families for all proteases are known. Arabidopsis encodes three KDEL CysEPs with homology to the RcCysEP, designated AtCEP1 (At5g50260), AtCEP2 (At3g48340) and AtCEP3 (At3g48350) that are expressed in tissues undergoing PCD. Determination of promoter activities using ß-glucuronidase as repo ...
... and gene families for all proteases are known. Arabidopsis encodes three KDEL CysEPs with homology to the RcCysEP, designated AtCEP1 (At5g50260), AtCEP2 (At3g48340) and AtCEP3 (At3g48350) that are expressed in tissues undergoing PCD. Determination of promoter activities using ß-glucuronidase as repo ...
and Function Activation Sulfenic Acid Formation for T Cell The
... Activation of naive T cells begins when the TCR encounters cognate Ag presented by MHC proteins on the surface of APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program ...
... Activation of naive T cells begins when the TCR encounters cognate Ag presented by MHC proteins on the surface of APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program ...
Kappa Light Chains IVD
... the centerpiece. This is sound reasoning because most B-cell Lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, whereas reactive proliferations display a mixture of kappa and lambda-positive cells. If only a single light-chain type is detected, a lympho-proliferative disorder is very likely. Mon ...
... the centerpiece. This is sound reasoning because most B-cell Lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, whereas reactive proliferations display a mixture of kappa and lambda-positive cells. If only a single light-chain type is detected, a lympho-proliferative disorder is very likely. Mon ...
2, 3, and 4-Electrode Experiments
... Reference electrodes are, as their name suggests, electrodes that serve as experimental reference points. Specifically they are a reference for the potential (sense) measurements. Reference electrodes should, therefore, hold a constant potential during testing, ideally one which is known on an absol ...
... Reference electrodes are, as their name suggests, electrodes that serve as experimental reference points. Specifically they are a reference for the potential (sense) measurements. Reference electrodes should, therefore, hold a constant potential during testing, ideally one which is known on an absol ...
Redistribution of Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptors Induced by
... The distribution of Man-6-P receptors was determined by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry in Clone 9 hepatocytes cultured in the presence or absence of tunicamycin and chloroquine, agents that perturb lysosomal enzyme sorting and lead to their secretion . In control (untreated) cells, receptors were lo ...
... The distribution of Man-6-P receptors was determined by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry in Clone 9 hepatocytes cultured in the presence or absence of tunicamycin and chloroquine, agents that perturb lysosomal enzyme sorting and lead to their secretion . In control (untreated) cells, receptors were lo ...
MCDB 4650 Class 19 Patterning of the Limb
... b. Mark distal cells in an early limb bud and see if they become distal cells in the limb c. Remove factors required for proliferation; see what cell types are made d. Transplant just the AER from an older limb bud to tip of younger limb bud ...
... b. Mark distal cells in an early limb bud and see if they become distal cells in the limb c. Remove factors required for proliferation; see what cell types are made d. Transplant just the AER from an older limb bud to tip of younger limb bud ...
Neotendon formation induced by manipulation of the Smad8
... implantation in an Achilles tendon partial defect, the engineered cells were capable of inducing tendon regeneration demonstrated by double quantum filtered MRI. The results indicate what we believe to be a novel mechanism in which Smad8 inhibits the osteogenic pathway in MSCs known to be induced by ...
... implantation in an Achilles tendon partial defect, the engineered cells were capable of inducing tendon regeneration demonstrated by double quantum filtered MRI. The results indicate what we believe to be a novel mechanism in which Smad8 inhibits the osteogenic pathway in MSCs known to be induced by ...
Mechanism of Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by
... \Ve have used a structure-activity approach to investigate whether the Vinca alkaloids inhibit cell proliferation primarily by means of their effects on mitotic spindle microtubules or by another mechanism or by a combination of mechanisms. Five Vìnca alkaloids were used to investigate the relation ...
... \Ve have used a structure-activity approach to investigate whether the Vinca alkaloids inhibit cell proliferation primarily by means of their effects on mitotic spindle microtubules or by another mechanism or by a combination of mechanisms. Five Vìnca alkaloids were used to investigate the relation ...
"Examples Relating to Judgment of Necessity for Deposit of
... 1. An antigenic protein A consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. 2. A monoclonal antibody against the antigenic protein A described in claim 1. 3. A hybridoma producing the monoclonal antibody described in claim 2. [Outline of Description of the invention] A novel antigen ...
... 1. An antigenic protein A consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. 2. A monoclonal antibody against the antigenic protein A described in claim 1. 3. A hybridoma producing the monoclonal antibody described in claim 2. [Outline of Description of the invention] A novel antigen ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... transgenic plants in which either AtCYCD3;1 expression could be induced or AtRBR1 expression could be repressed via the supply of an exogenous chemical, dexamethasone (DEX; Supplemental Fig. S1). Molecular analysis of transgenic plants generated using these constructs confirmed that following treatm ...
... transgenic plants in which either AtCYCD3;1 expression could be induced or AtRBR1 expression could be repressed via the supply of an exogenous chemical, dexamethasone (DEX; Supplemental Fig. S1). Molecular analysis of transgenic plants generated using these constructs confirmed that following treatm ...
Retraction Notice - Scientific Research Publishing
... inadequate nutrition and poor choice of plant material. Plants synthesize most of the essential components and they are used in various metabolic processes. Cultured plant cells, tissues and organs lack the capacity to synthesize carbohydrates, most of the vitamins, and plant growth regulators. Plan ...
... inadequate nutrition and poor choice of plant material. Plants synthesize most of the essential components and they are used in various metabolic processes. Cultured plant cells, tissues and organs lack the capacity to synthesize carbohydrates, most of the vitamins, and plant growth regulators. Plan ...
Intracellular marking of physiologically characterized cells in the
... were made in the following way. The electrode was advanced with an hydraulic microdrive in steps of 1-3 pm. Contact with a unit was indicated by a resting potential equal to or more negative than -25 mV; spike activity was triggered using a level detector. The CF and threshold of the unit were deter ...
... were made in the following way. The electrode was advanced with an hydraulic microdrive in steps of 1-3 pm. Contact with a unit was indicated by a resting potential equal to or more negative than -25 mV; spike activity was triggered using a level detector. The CF and threshold of the unit were deter ...
Part b
... • Local blood vessels become more permeable, allowing white blood cells, fluid, clotting proteins and other plasma proteins to seep into the injured area. • Clotting occurs; surface dries and forms a scab. ...
... • Local blood vessels become more permeable, allowing white blood cells, fluid, clotting proteins and other plasma proteins to seep into the injured area. • Clotting occurs; surface dries and forms a scab. ...
Pectin Modification in Cell Walls of Ripening Tomatoes Occurs in
... Ca2+ cross-bridges between the negatively charged carboxylic acid groups of the galacturonosyl residues. The pectins of the primary cell wall are thought to be more highly branched, with longer side chains. The carboxylic acid groups on the molecules’ backbone are extensively methylesterified, reduc ...
... Ca2+ cross-bridges between the negatively charged carboxylic acid groups of the galacturonosyl residues. The pectins of the primary cell wall are thought to be more highly branched, with longer side chains. The carboxylic acid groups on the molecules’ backbone are extensively methylesterified, reduc ...
Boundary Representation Deformation in Parametric Solid Modeling
... would indicate that e 1 was mapped to e92 ; in the latter case the placement of the hole was also affected by the orientation of the mapped edge e92 (which is opposite to that of e91 with respect to face f93 ). In both cases the assumption of continuity is violated, even though the correct continuou ...
... would indicate that e 1 was mapped to e92 ; in the latter case the placement of the hole was also affected by the orientation of the mapped edge e92 (which is opposite to that of e91 with respect to face f93 ). In both cases the assumption of continuity is violated, even though the correct continuou ...
A lophotrochozoan-specific nuclear hormone receptor
... 0012-1606/& 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... 0012-1606/& 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
A tour of the cell - The Open University
... The subcellular components can then be recovered by centrifugation. The cell homogenate is dispensed into centrifuge tubes which are placed into a rotating holder (known as a rotor) that fits into the centrifuge. As the rotor turns, particles suspended in the homogenate migrate towards the bottom of ...
... The subcellular components can then be recovered by centrifugation. The cell homogenate is dispensed into centrifuge tubes which are placed into a rotating holder (known as a rotor) that fits into the centrifuge. As the rotor turns, particles suspended in the homogenate migrate towards the bottom of ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.