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Glucagon receptor recycling: role of carboxyl terminus - AJP-Cell
... cell surface was determined by radioligand binding (method A). The results shown are means ⫾ SE of 4 independent experiments. *Significantly different: P ⬍ 0.05. B: human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells transfected with GR (HEK-GR) were incubated without (ctrl) and with 100 nM glucagon for 30 min a ...
... cell surface was determined by radioligand binding (method A). The results shown are means ⫾ SE of 4 independent experiments. *Significantly different: P ⬍ 0.05. B: human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells transfected with GR (HEK-GR) were incubated without (ctrl) and with 100 nM glucagon for 30 min a ...
3. Taxonomy and classification of Algae
... filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and subtropical marine environments, with optimal growth temperature at about ...
... filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and subtropical marine environments, with optimal growth temperature at about ...
Mitochondrial alternative oxidase acts to dampen the generation of
... Previously, we showed that mitochondrial AOX protein and the capacity for AOX respiration are dramatically induced in wt tobacco suspension cells when grown under P limitation (Parsons et al. 1999). Figs 1–3 show that when P-limited wt cells are resupplied with P, there is a large immediate stimulat ...
... Previously, we showed that mitochondrial AOX protein and the capacity for AOX respiration are dramatically induced in wt tobacco suspension cells when grown under P limitation (Parsons et al. 1999). Figs 1–3 show that when P-limited wt cells are resupplied with P, there is a large immediate stimulat ...
1 Properties of Matter
... life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, N, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids ...
... life. 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, N, O, P, S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids ...
The ability of natural tolerance to be applied to
... experimentally introducing foreign blood cells early in life (before full immunocompetence) could lead to tolerance of donor antigens. The B cell tolerance of ABO incompatibilities in infant cardiac transplantation is a dramatically successful recent application of the pre-immunocompetence graft con ...
... experimentally introducing foreign blood cells early in life (before full immunocompetence) could lead to tolerance of donor antigens. The B cell tolerance of ABO incompatibilities in infant cardiac transplantation is a dramatically successful recent application of the pre-immunocompetence graft con ...
Mechanisms of cell positioning during C. elegans gastrulation
... and their neighbors, the germline founder cell P4, and the granddaughters of MS, which produce primarily mesoderm (we use ‘MSxx’ to indicate any one granddaughter of MS). Gastrulation begins with the ingression of Ea and Ep towards the center of the embryo, leaving a space between the cells and the ...
... and their neighbors, the germline founder cell P4, and the granddaughters of MS, which produce primarily mesoderm (we use ‘MSxx’ to indicate any one granddaughter of MS). Gastrulation begins with the ingression of Ea and Ep towards the center of the embryo, leaving a space between the cells and the ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... (Fig. 1D). As in the QC, mitochondria in the PM encircle the nucleus (Fig. 1E). However, in contrast to QC mitochondria, PM mitochondria frequently assumed a dumbbell shape (in approximately two-thirds [eight] of the roots examined ultrastructurally), and this is interpreted as indicative of their c ...
... (Fig. 1D). As in the QC, mitochondria in the PM encircle the nucleus (Fig. 1E). However, in contrast to QC mitochondria, PM mitochondria frequently assumed a dumbbell shape (in approximately two-thirds [eight] of the roots examined ultrastructurally), and this is interpreted as indicative of their c ...
A Comparative Study of Collagen Matrix Density Effect on
... techniques alone.8,48 It was shown that maximal cell migration happens at an intermediate binding level of the cells to the matrix, but more compliant matrices are more favorable for 3D cell movement when keeping the cell–matrix binding level constant.65 Another group applying both experimental and ...
... techniques alone.8,48 It was shown that maximal cell migration happens at an intermediate binding level of the cells to the matrix, but more compliant matrices are more favorable for 3D cell movement when keeping the cell–matrix binding level constant.65 Another group applying both experimental and ...
The MHC I immunopeptidome conveys to the cell surface an
... effects of rapamycin on EL4 cells. The first mTOR complex, mTORC1, phosphorylates both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 (Dowling et al, 2010). Recent studies have shown that rapamycin, previously thought to completely inhibit mTORC1 activity, differentially affects 4E-BP1 and S6K1 (Choo et al, 2008; Choo and Blenis, ...
... effects of rapamycin on EL4 cells. The first mTOR complex, mTORC1, phosphorylates both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 (Dowling et al, 2010). Recent studies have shown that rapamycin, previously thought to completely inhibit mTORC1 activity, differentially affects 4E-BP1 and S6K1 (Choo et al, 2008; Choo and Blenis, ...
N1 - Herrin High School
... a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. lipids d. nucleic acids BACK TO GAME ...
... a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. lipids d. nucleic acids BACK TO GAME ...
1)Yang, X., Dormann, D., Münsterberg, A. E., and Weijer - ICB-USP
... extraembryonic structures and all the structures of the embryo proper, while the hypoblast gives rise to extraembryonic structures only. Gastrulation starts with the formation of the primitive streak, which forms as a thickening of the epiblast at the posterior margin. The initial formation and ante ...
... extraembryonic structures and all the structures of the embryo proper, while the hypoblast gives rise to extraembryonic structures only. Gastrulation starts with the formation of the primitive streak, which forms as a thickening of the epiblast at the posterior margin. The initial formation and ante ...
Adult stem cells and their ability to differentiate
... Stem cells are classified according to their differentiation potential as totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent. Totipotent stem cells are capable of forming any tissue in the body, similarly to a fertilized egg which, following cleavage, produces cells which differentiate into all types of tissues ...
... Stem cells are classified according to their differentiation potential as totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent. Totipotent stem cells are capable of forming any tissue in the body, similarly to a fertilized egg which, following cleavage, produces cells which differentiate into all types of tissues ...
The Drosophila wing differentiation factor Vestigial
... involved in DNA replication as well as cell cycle progression.19,20 In Drosophila, it has been shown that dE2F1 (called here dE2F) regulates cell cycle progression from G1 to S and its overexpression can drive cells from G2 to M by activating the expression of string (stg), the homolog of yeast cdc2 ...
... involved in DNA replication as well as cell cycle progression.19,20 In Drosophila, it has been shown that dE2F1 (called here dE2F) regulates cell cycle progression from G1 to S and its overexpression can drive cells from G2 to M by activating the expression of string (stg), the homolog of yeast cdc2 ...
Human Organ Systems CLASS NOTES
... on to the large intestine – or colon, the final organ of digestion. Most of the absorption of nutrients and water is completed in the small intestine (about 9 L H2O in small intestine vs. only 0.5 L in large intestine). Slow contractions move material in the colon toward the rectum. Distension (enla ...
... on to the large intestine – or colon, the final organ of digestion. Most of the absorption of nutrients and water is completed in the small intestine (about 9 L H2O in small intestine vs. only 0.5 L in large intestine). Slow contractions move material in the colon toward the rectum. Distension (enla ...
Targeting Tumor Antigens to Secreted Membrane Vesicles In vivo
... tumor lysates (4), plasma membrane fragments that dendritic cells capture by ‘‘nibbling’’ from live tumors (5), soluble proteins (6), or vesicles secreted by live tumor cells, called exosomes (7). When injected in vivo, apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells, heat shock proteins, soluble proteins, and e ...
... tumor lysates (4), plasma membrane fragments that dendritic cells capture by ‘‘nibbling’’ from live tumors (5), soluble proteins (6), or vesicles secreted by live tumor cells, called exosomes (7). When injected in vivo, apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells, heat shock proteins, soluble proteins, and e ...
PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INTRACELLULAR KILLING OF SERUM
... FcγRIII (CD16). These receptors can be distinguished on basis of differences in their primary sequences, molecular size, ligand affinity and specificity, cellular distribution, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against FcγR (23). FcγRI, a 72 kDa protein that binds monomeric IgG with hi ...
... FcγRIII (CD16). These receptors can be distinguished on basis of differences in their primary sequences, molecular size, ligand affinity and specificity, cellular distribution, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against FcγR (23). FcγRI, a 72 kDa protein that binds monomeric IgG with hi ...
Bactericidal activity of the organo
... assay, porin molecules were inserted into the surface of the liposome. The porin used for this assay was the one expressed on the outer membrane of an E. cloacae strain. It was purified and was shown to be a trimeric porin with a MW of 120 kDa. The results shown in Figure 4 demonstrate that AS101 (M ...
... assay, porin molecules were inserted into the surface of the liposome. The porin used for this assay was the one expressed on the outer membrane of an E. cloacae strain. It was purified and was shown to be a trimeric porin with a MW of 120 kDa. The results shown in Figure 4 demonstrate that AS101 (M ...
Phorbol Esters Alter Cell Fate during Development of Sea Urchin
... NOWLEDGEof the mechanisms involved in determining cell fate during development is central to understanding how embryos are formed. The roles of signal transduction pathways in these processes have recently begun to be examined, and it has become clear that such pathways play a role during the develo ...
... NOWLEDGEof the mechanisms involved in determining cell fate during development is central to understanding how embryos are formed. The roles of signal transduction pathways in these processes have recently begun to be examined, and it has become clear that such pathways play a role during the develo ...
3. The Sea Urchin
... 3.25-3.33 Examples of tissue-specific gene expression in the sea urchin embryo. Tbe probes described here are representative, but by no means exhaustive. 3.25 (x450) is a whole mount in situ hybridization using an anti-sense BP-10 RNA (courtesy of T. Lepage; Lepage et at., 1992). The boundary of exp ...
... 3.25-3.33 Examples of tissue-specific gene expression in the sea urchin embryo. Tbe probes described here are representative, but by no means exhaustive. 3.25 (x450) is a whole mount in situ hybridization using an anti-sense BP-10 RNA (courtesy of T. Lepage; Lepage et at., 1992). The boundary of exp ...
Pro-Survival Role of Gelsolin in Mouse β
... Induction of apoptosis in MIN6 B1 and C3 cells. To determine whether apoptosis is induced in a similar manner in MIN6 B1 and C3 subclones, cells were cultured for 48 h in either standard (25 mmol/l glucose and 15% FCS) or deprived (5 mmol/l glucose and 1% FCS) conditions. Apoptosis was first quantif ...
... Induction of apoptosis in MIN6 B1 and C3 cells. To determine whether apoptosis is induced in a similar manner in MIN6 B1 and C3 subclones, cells were cultured for 48 h in either standard (25 mmol/l glucose and 15% FCS) or deprived (5 mmol/l glucose and 1% FCS) conditions. Apoptosis was first quantif ...
gcat.davidson.edu
... White, P.J., and MR Broadley. “Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine.” New ...
... White, P.J., and MR Broadley. “Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine.” New ...
Morphology of the air‐breathing stomach of the catfish Hypostomus
... types of endocrine cells (EC), and basal cells. The epithelial layer is underlain by capillaries of a diameter ranging from 6.1–13.1 m. Capillaries are more numerous in the anterior part of the stomach, where the mean number of capillary sections per 100 m of epithelium length is 4, compared with ...
... types of endocrine cells (EC), and basal cells. The epithelial layer is underlain by capillaries of a diameter ranging from 6.1–13.1 m. Capillaries are more numerous in the anterior part of the stomach, where the mean number of capillary sections per 100 m of epithelium length is 4, compared with ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... In Arabidopsis leaves, most cells begin to undergo cell expansion when cell proliferation arrests gradually from leaf tip to base; however, there are still some cells that maintain the meristematic competence to continue dividing and form the specific cell type within each cell layer (Donnelly et al ...
... In Arabidopsis leaves, most cells begin to undergo cell expansion when cell proliferation arrests gradually from leaf tip to base; however, there are still some cells that maintain the meristematic competence to continue dividing and form the specific cell type within each cell layer (Donnelly et al ...
Inflammation and fever
... Infections are often involved in cell damage. Virulence of microorganisms and the induction of inflammation depend on their ability to replicate in human or animal body and to destroy cellular structures. During growth and multiplication, microorganisms can produce and release different exotoxins whic ...
... Infections are often involved in cell damage. Virulence of microorganisms and the induction of inflammation depend on their ability to replicate in human or animal body and to destroy cellular structures. During growth and multiplication, microorganisms can produce and release different exotoxins whic ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.