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Intracellular catalysis of disulfide bond formation by the human
... mechanism for the formation of protein disulfide bonds is a thioldisulfide exchange reaction of free thiols with an already disulfidebonded species. These reactions are catalysed by cellular enzymes know as thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. The Ero1 (endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1)-PDI (protein disu ...
... mechanism for the formation of protein disulfide bonds is a thioldisulfide exchange reaction of free thiols with an already disulfidebonded species. These reactions are catalysed by cellular enzymes know as thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. The Ero1 (endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1)-PDI (protein disu ...
Final Draft
... clear dose-dependent neurotoxic activity (see Fig. 1). NA values > 5% were achieved by addition volumes from 1.0 to 10 µL well–1. The undiluted fraction (addition volume 10 µL well–1) caused a NA of 12%. The purity of fraction RPC2-F3 was analysed with a final chromatographic step (RPC3). The result ...
... clear dose-dependent neurotoxic activity (see Fig. 1). NA values > 5% were achieved by addition volumes from 1.0 to 10 µL well–1. The undiluted fraction (addition volume 10 µL well–1) caused a NA of 12%. The purity of fraction RPC2-F3 was analysed with a final chromatographic step (RPC3). The result ...
2010 - Department of Biology
... Wilson 1990, 2008). Workers in the majority of ant species have retained their ovaries, but do not have ...
... Wilson 1990, 2008). Workers in the majority of ant species have retained their ovaries, but do not have ...
Compartments Target the Antigen to Distinct Intracellular B Cell
... to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) (HEL-C3b), 200 times less HEL is required to immunize mice and elicit a B cell response compared with HEL alone (25), and humoral immunity to HEL persists much longer than when immunization is performed with CFA (26). Moreover, a recombinant fusion protein containing three ...
... to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) (HEL-C3b), 200 times less HEL is required to immunize mice and elicit a B cell response compared with HEL alone (25), and humoral immunity to HEL persists much longer than when immunization is performed with CFA (26). Moreover, a recombinant fusion protein containing three ...
Detecting RNA viruses in living mammalian cells by fluorescence microscopy Author's personal copy
... about the molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication and the pathogenetic events that occur within the cells can be provided by these methods. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in virus replication might not only lead to new and rapid detection methods, but could ...
... about the molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication and the pathogenetic events that occur within the cells can be provided by these methods. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in virus replication might not only lead to new and rapid detection methods, but could ...
PDF
... pallidum can be transformed with plasmid vectors, and genes of interest can be altered or knocked out by homologous recombination (Box 2). When required, multiple genes can be disrupted in potentially endless succession by excising the selectable marker after gene disruption with the Cre-loxP system ...
... pallidum can be transformed with plasmid vectors, and genes of interest can be altered or knocked out by homologous recombination (Box 2). When required, multiple genes can be disrupted in potentially endless succession by excising the selectable marker after gene disruption with the Cre-loxP system ...
PDF data (121 pages / 16.7MB)
... leads to development of an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell activation, one role of Regnase-1 in regulation of T cell-mediated immunity has remained unclear. We found that Regnase-1 regulates the mRNAs of a set of genes, including c-Rel, Ox40, and Il2, through cleavage of their 3' UTRs, an ...
... leads to development of an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell activation, one role of Regnase-1 in regulation of T cell-mediated immunity has remained unclear. We found that Regnase-1 regulates the mRNAs of a set of genes, including c-Rel, Ox40, and Il2, through cleavage of their 3' UTRs, an ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
... The Vg product plays a key role in cell proliferation of the wing disc integrating developmental cues by its two enhancers, the `boundary' and the `quadrant' enhancers. Ectopic expression of vg in all imaginal discs leads to ectopic proliferation of wing tissue.8 All vg mutants characterized so far ...
... The Vg product plays a key role in cell proliferation of the wing disc integrating developmental cues by its two enhancers, the `boundary' and the `quadrant' enhancers. Ectopic expression of vg in all imaginal discs leads to ectopic proliferation of wing tissue.8 All vg mutants characterized so far ...
Subthreshold High-Frequency Electrical Field
... Subthreshold electrical stimulation (SES) has been shown to induce an improvement of angiogenesis in ischemic and nonischemic skeletal muscles, mediated by increased VEGF expression. VEGF plays a key role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Cardiomyocytes possess the ability to synthesiz ...
... Subthreshold electrical stimulation (SES) has been shown to induce an improvement of angiogenesis in ischemic and nonischemic skeletal muscles, mediated by increased VEGF expression. VEGF plays a key role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Cardiomyocytes possess the ability to synthesiz ...
Biology lecture # 1 Levels of Life (From Atom to Biosphere)
... ©Copy right Virtual University of Pakistan ...
... ©Copy right Virtual University of Pakistan ...
Full text in pdf format
... Bacterial abundance and biomass were highest at (final conc.: 2 O/O w/v), and bacterial cells containing red formazan crystals (400 to 600 cells) were quantified on the beginning and towards the end of the investigawhite cellulose nitrate filters at 1600x magnification. tion, and the mean cell volum ...
... Bacterial abundance and biomass were highest at (final conc.: 2 O/O w/v), and bacterial cells containing red formazan crystals (400 to 600 cells) were quantified on the beginning and towards the end of the investigawhite cellulose nitrate filters at 1600x magnification. tion, and the mean cell volum ...
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
... Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi ...
... Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... relevant information about the EC morphology during the micropropagation stages and ultrastructural charaterization of cell types which constitute them; obtaining an efficient protocol for A. angustifolia EC cryopreservation, combined with morphological and ultrastructural analyses during steps of t ...
... relevant information about the EC morphology during the micropropagation stages and ultrastructural charaterization of cell types which constitute them; obtaining an efficient protocol for A. angustifolia EC cryopreservation, combined with morphological and ultrastructural analyses during steps of t ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent p ...
... a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent p ...
Homeostatic proliferation generates long- lived natural killer
... lymphocyte type to undergo these distinct phases, as T and B cell subsets filled the splenic compartment without undergoing a contraction phase (Fig. S1). Likewise, when small numbers of NK cells (CD45.1+) were transferred into sublethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice (CD45.2+), the donor NK cells rapidl ...
... lymphocyte type to undergo these distinct phases, as T and B cell subsets filled the splenic compartment without undergoing a contraction phase (Fig. S1). Likewise, when small numbers of NK cells (CD45.1+) were transferred into sublethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice (CD45.2+), the donor NK cells rapidl ...
Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for
... these morphogenetic signals are mainly active only during embroygenesis. During regeneration, these morphogenetic signals can be activated or enhanced at the site of wounding. Figure 1 summarizes the major events during the regeneration process in Hydra and other Cnidarians. When Hydra is cut in hal ...
... these morphogenetic signals are mainly active only during embroygenesis. During regeneration, these morphogenetic signals can be activated or enhanced at the site of wounding. Figure 1 summarizes the major events during the regeneration process in Hydra and other Cnidarians. When Hydra is cut in hal ...
STAINING OF BACTERIAL CELLS Objective • To learn the
... cell wall structure and composition of cells. In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acidfast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria, on the basis of lipid content of their cell wall. In the Gram stain, cells from a culture are spread in a thin film over a sm ...
... cell wall structure and composition of cells. In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acidfast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria, on the basis of lipid content of their cell wall. In the Gram stain, cells from a culture are spread in a thin film over a sm ...
Default neural induction: neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells
... of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1662, USA ...
... of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1662, USA ...
Identification of Bacterial Species
... 1. To learn the characteristics of aseptic technique 2. To learn how to streak cells from a liquid bacterial culture onto an agar plate. Cultures of bacterial cells are kept in the lab environment in many different forms. One common form is a liquid culture -- a suspension of millions of cells in a ...
... 1. To learn the characteristics of aseptic technique 2. To learn how to streak cells from a liquid bacterial culture onto an agar plate. Cultures of bacterial cells are kept in the lab environment in many different forms. One common form is a liquid culture -- a suspension of millions of cells in a ...
The Drosophila centriole – conversion of
... associated with fully elongated daughters that had a smaller diameter (Fig. 2E) likely due to the incomplete C-tubule. Serial sections failed to reveal additional centrioles in this region. Therefore, stem cells were at the beginning of interphase and the centriole pairs examined were inherited from ...
... associated with fully elongated daughters that had a smaller diameter (Fig. 2E) likely due to the incomplete C-tubule. Serial sections failed to reveal additional centrioles in this region. Therefore, stem cells were at the beginning of interphase and the centriole pairs examined were inherited from ...
Isolates of Vaccinia Virus Strains, Smallpox Vaccines, and Zoonotic
... smallpox, VACV is being stockpiled in several countries against a potential nefarious release of variola virus, the causative agent of this now historic disease. Furthermore, smallpox vaccination provided protection against a range of orthopoxviruses, some of which continue to emerge from animal res ...
... smallpox, VACV is being stockpiled in several countries against a potential nefarious release of variola virus, the causative agent of this now historic disease. Furthermore, smallpox vaccination provided protection against a range of orthopoxviruses, some of which continue to emerge from animal res ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
... Similarly, in plants, the RBR protein functions are controlled by phosphorylation and protein–protein interactions (reviewed by Gutierrez, 1998; Durfee et al., 2000). Like human pRB proteins, plant RBR proteins are composed of an N-terminal region, A and B domains in the pocket region, and a C-termi ...
Laminar Shear Stress Inhibits Endothelial Cell Metabolism via KLF2
... reaction of mitochondrial encoded gene ND1 and nuclear encoded gene ribosomal phosphoprotein, large P0 subunit. Relative levels were normalized to median values (n=4). C, KLF2 mRNA expression (top) in HUVECs after lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown of KLF2 and flow exposure (20 dyn/cm2 for 72 hours ...
... reaction of mitochondrial encoded gene ND1 and nuclear encoded gene ribosomal phosphoprotein, large P0 subunit. Relative levels were normalized to median values (n=4). C, KLF2 mRNA expression (top) in HUVECs after lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown of KLF2 and flow exposure (20 dyn/cm2 for 72 hours ...
Article - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... dermal subpopulations exist within adult skin, and that explant culture in particular may produce heterogeneous fibroblast outgrowth for investigative purposes. One group has recently attempted to tackle this problem by adopting a classification system that separates fibroblasts into a series of dif ...
... dermal subpopulations exist within adult skin, and that explant culture in particular may produce heterogeneous fibroblast outgrowth for investigative purposes. One group has recently attempted to tackle this problem by adopting a classification system that separates fibroblasts into a series of dif ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... balances internal and external stresses with the compliance to allow expansion [3,4]. The balanced counterforce of primary wall stress to turgor pressure has prompted the comparison of plant cells with "hydraulic machines" [5]. Cell mechanics is therefore crucial for understanding plant cell functio ...
... balances internal and external stresses with the compliance to allow expansion [3,4]. The balanced counterforce of primary wall stress to turgor pressure has prompted the comparison of plant cells with "hydraulic machines" [5]. Cell mechanics is therefore crucial for understanding plant cell functio ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.