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Jamming prokaryotic cell-to-cell communications in a model biofilm†
... Quorum-sensing has been implicated in the regulation of processes such as bioluminescence, swarming, swimming, and virulence.1–5 But despite its appeal, the QS hypothesis may not be an accurate description of all these phenomena.6–8 To elucidate how cell-to-cell signaling works in bacteria, it is vi ...
... Quorum-sensing has been implicated in the regulation of processes such as bioluminescence, swarming, swimming, and virulence.1–5 But despite its appeal, the QS hypothesis may not be an accurate description of all these phenomena.6–8 To elucidate how cell-to-cell signaling works in bacteria, it is vi ...
A Role for Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mitochondrial Movement and
... A364A-1 after both growth at 23°C and incubation at 37°C . Both mutant and wild-type strains contain a predominance of 16 carbon fatty acids over 18 carbon chain lipids at both temperatures (Fig . 3), and we did not find evidence for detectable levels of either 14 carbon or >18 carbon-chain unsatura ...
... A364A-1 after both growth at 23°C and incubation at 37°C . Both mutant and wild-type strains contain a predominance of 16 carbon fatty acids over 18 carbon chain lipids at both temperatures (Fig . 3), and we did not find evidence for detectable levels of either 14 carbon or >18 carbon-chain unsatura ...
Amyloplast Formation in Cultured Tobacco BY
... role of cytokinins in amyloplast formation was investigated. We show that addition of lovastatin, an inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis, to amyloplast-inducing medium reduced starch accumulation. Microscopic observation also revealed that lovastatin treatment decreased starch deposition; however, the ...
... role of cytokinins in amyloplast formation was investigated. We show that addition of lovastatin, an inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis, to amyloplast-inducing medium reduced starch accumulation. Microscopic observation also revealed that lovastatin treatment decreased starch deposition; however, the ...
COMPOUND-INDUCED HOST CELL RESPONSES AND EFFECTS ON WHOLE VIRUS CHAPTER 4
... determining ADMET properties in vitro. Brain microvessel endothelial cells have been used in BBB penetration studies (Glynn and Yazdanian, 1998) and Caco-2 cells for cellular permeability (Egan and Lauri, 2002). Because cytotoxicity is one of the most critical and unpredictable of the drug-like prop ...
... determining ADMET properties in vitro. Brain microvessel endothelial cells have been used in BBB penetration studies (Glynn and Yazdanian, 1998) and Caco-2 cells for cellular permeability (Egan and Lauri, 2002). Because cytotoxicity is one of the most critical and unpredictable of the drug-like prop ...
Anti-ZAP-70 [pTyrpTyr315/319]Phosphospecific Antibody
... Zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70), a 70 kDa member of the Syk tyrosine kinase family, plays a central role in lymphocyte activation and development, and is implicated in several immune disorders. Upon T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, ZAP-70 is phosphorylated on tyrosines 292, 315 and 319 in ...
... Zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70), a 70 kDa member of the Syk tyrosine kinase family, plays a central role in lymphocyte activation and development, and is implicated in several immune disorders. Upon T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, ZAP-70 is phosphorylated on tyrosines 292, 315 and 319 in ...
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
... Meristem is a group of actively dividing cells that do not form a specific organ but retained the capacity to divide and form new cells. Meristematic cells are compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They are present at the apices of root and shoot (apical meristem), between xylem and phloe ...
... Meristem is a group of actively dividing cells that do not form a specific organ but retained the capacity to divide and form new cells. Meristematic cells are compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They are present at the apices of root and shoot (apical meristem), between xylem and phloe ...
Adhesion Molecules: The Path to a New Understanding
... Human host defense includes physical and chemical barriers, e.g., skin and mucous membranes as well as gastric acidity or secretory and excretory flow, and so forth. Agents that overcome these barriers are faced with the innate and/or acquired defense mechanisms designed to recognize and eliminate f ...
... Human host defense includes physical and chemical barriers, e.g., skin and mucous membranes as well as gastric acidity or secretory and excretory flow, and so forth. Agents that overcome these barriers are faced with the innate and/or acquired defense mechanisms designed to recognize and eliminate f ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... membrane integrity is maintained through a balance between these pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, and proteins such as cyt c are prevented from being released from the mitochondria. There is an endoplasmic reticulum-located Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) conserved in animals and plants, and overexpression o ...
... membrane integrity is maintained through a balance between these pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, and proteins such as cyt c are prevented from being released from the mitochondria. There is an endoplasmic reticulum-located Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) conserved in animals and plants, and overexpression o ...
Beyond ergosterol
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
The different shapes of cocci
... single site of centripetal septal synthesis, with gradual splitting of the septum feeding the peripheral growth (Higgins & Shockman, 1970). However, careful measurements of the septal and peripheral wall surface area showed that the latter was growing faster than allowed by septal splitting alone. A ...
... single site of centripetal septal synthesis, with gradual splitting of the septum feeding the peripheral growth (Higgins & Shockman, 1970). However, careful measurements of the septal and peripheral wall surface area showed that the latter was growing faster than allowed by septal splitting alone. A ...
Mechanism of Induction: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
... came into existence. iPSCs are mature cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an ESC–like state through ectopic expression of transcriptional factor genes critical for maintaining the properties of ESCs. This reversion of adult cells to a state resembling ESCs offers unprecedented potential ...
... came into existence. iPSCs are mature cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an ESC–like state through ectopic expression of transcriptional factor genes critical for maintaining the properties of ESCs. This reversion of adult cells to a state resembling ESCs offers unprecedented potential ...
Autophagic Components Contribute to Hypersensitive Cell Death in
... of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 harboring the avirulence genes AvrRps4 or AvrRpm1. HR PCD elicited by Pto DC3000 (AvrRps4) requires the TIR-NB-LRR class R gene RPS4, whereas HR in response to Pto DC3000 (AvrRpm1) is conditioned by the CC-NB-LRR R gene RPM1 (Aarts et al., 1998). Parts ...
... of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 harboring the avirulence genes AvrRps4 or AvrRpm1. HR PCD elicited by Pto DC3000 (AvrRps4) requires the TIR-NB-LRR class R gene RPS4, whereas HR in response to Pto DC3000 (AvrRpm1) is conditioned by the CC-NB-LRR R gene RPM1 (Aarts et al., 1998). Parts ...
figure 2 - Open Biology
... a deterministic, rather than a stochastic, fashion. We validate the predictions made by our model using live-cell imaging. Our work explains how cross-talk between Rho and Rac can generate different cell shapes, and thus morphological heterogeneity, in genetically identical populations. ...
... a deterministic, rather than a stochastic, fashion. We validate the predictions made by our model using live-cell imaging. Our work explains how cross-talk between Rho and Rac can generate different cell shapes, and thus morphological heterogeneity, in genetically identical populations. ...
the lymphatic system and immunity
... capillaries are structurally adapted to ensure the return of proteins to the circulation when they leak out of blood capillaries. The endothelial cells lining lymph capillaries overlap one another forming pores which permits fluid to flow easily into the capillary but prevents the flow of fluid out ...
... capillaries are structurally adapted to ensure the return of proteins to the circulation when they leak out of blood capillaries. The endothelial cells lining lymph capillaries overlap one another forming pores which permits fluid to flow easily into the capillary but prevents the flow of fluid out ...
Production of penicillin
... • Penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum which requires lactose, other sugars, and a source of nitrogen (in this case a yeast extract) in the medium to grow well. • Like all antibiotics, penicillin is a secondary metabolite, so is only produced in the stationary phase. • W ...
... • Penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum which requires lactose, other sugars, and a source of nitrogen (in this case a yeast extract) in the medium to grow well. • Like all antibiotics, penicillin is a secondary metabolite, so is only produced in the stationary phase. • W ...
IN VITRO BARK EXTRACTS
... zeylanicum bark extracts had inhibited both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria indicating broad spectrum inhibitory effect. Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gramnegative bacteria by the action of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extracts, demonstrating antibacterial effect ...
... zeylanicum bark extracts had inhibited both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria indicating broad spectrum inhibitory effect. Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gramnegative bacteria by the action of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extracts, demonstrating antibacterial effect ...
Cell Structure and Function
... substances. For example, you have 2 beakers full of different pH solutions. One is very acidic and one is very basic. What would happen if you took the biological membrane out of one beaker and put it directly into the other beaker? Your group can’t go to the lab until each member has finished your ...
... substances. For example, you have 2 beakers full of different pH solutions. One is very acidic and one is very basic. What would happen if you took the biological membrane out of one beaker and put it directly into the other beaker? Your group can’t go to the lab until each member has finished your ...
Introduction to the Schwann cell - Assets
... of both plants and animals. The cell theory was radical for the time and irrevocably discredited Vitalism, the mainstream belief that life was attributed to a vital force. Among other things, Schwann is known for recognising that the crystals seen during fermentation, first reported by Leeuwenhoek i ...
... of both plants and animals. The cell theory was radical for the time and irrevocably discredited Vitalism, the mainstream belief that life was attributed to a vital force. Among other things, Schwann is known for recognising that the crystals seen during fermentation, first reported by Leeuwenhoek i ...
Production of penicillin
... 1. What is the Carbon source? lactose 2. What is the nitrogen source? yeast 3. What is the energy source? glucose 4. Is the fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? aerobic 5. What is the optimum temperature? 25 - 27ºC 6. Is penicillin a primary or secondary metabolite? secondary 7. What volume fermenter ...
... 1. What is the Carbon source? lactose 2. What is the nitrogen source? yeast 3. What is the energy source? glucose 4. Is the fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? aerobic 5. What is the optimum temperature? 25 - 27ºC 6. Is penicillin a primary or secondary metabolite? secondary 7. What volume fermenter ...
Vacuolar Function in the Phosphate Homeostasis of the Yeast
... starvation (Fig. IB). After incubation for 10 hours in grown in SD medium showed a large signal of core phosSD(—Pj) medium, bud index decreased to below 5%, in- phate of polyphosphate (Fig. 2A, peak 11). During phosdicating that cells were arrested in the G, phase of the cell phate starvation, inten ...
... starvation (Fig. IB). After incubation for 10 hours in grown in SD medium showed a large signal of core phosSD(—Pj) medium, bud index decreased to below 5%, in- phate of polyphosphate (Fig. 2A, peak 11). During phosdicating that cells were arrested in the G, phase of the cell phate starvation, inten ...
Production of penicillin
... 1. What is the Carbon source? lactose 2. What is the nitrogen source? yeast 3. What is the energy source? glucose 4. Is the fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? aerobic 5. What is the optimum temperature? 25 - 27ºC 6. Is penicillin a primary or secondary metabolite? secondary 7. What volume fermenter ...
... 1. What is the Carbon source? lactose 2. What is the nitrogen source? yeast 3. What is the energy source? glucose 4. Is the fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? aerobic 5. What is the optimum temperature? 25 - 27ºC 6. Is penicillin a primary or secondary metabolite? secondary 7. What volume fermenter ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.