... receptors for M. pneumoniae are long chain sialo-oligosaccharides of I and i antigen type (i.e. oligosaccharides of poly N-acetyllactosamine series, presenting sialic acid joined by alpha 2-3 linkage to their penultimate galactose residues) that occur on glycoproteins and on different glycolipids [5 ...
Plasma membrane repair in plants
... membrane lesions [30]. These results led to further investigations demonstrating that freezing tolerance involved a Ca2+-dependent membrane resealing process that depends on SYT1 [22]. An independent study identified SYT1 from a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants showing hypersensitivity to salt ...
... membrane lesions [30]. These results led to further investigations demonstrating that freezing tolerance involved a Ca2+-dependent membrane resealing process that depends on SYT1 [22]. An independent study identified SYT1 from a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants showing hypersensitivity to salt ...
Inhibition of virulence factor expression and swarming differentiation
... migration plays an important role in renal infections which involve colonisation of the lower urinary tract followed by ascending migration of bacteria [12]. In 1992, Allison et al. demonstrated that the ability of P. mirabilis to invade human urothelial cells was coupled to motility and swarming di ...
... migration plays an important role in renal infections which involve colonisation of the lower urinary tract followed by ascending migration of bacteria [12]. In 1992, Allison et al. demonstrated that the ability of P. mirabilis to invade human urothelial cells was coupled to motility and swarming di ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... number of effects caused by Cd. It is likely that the positive effects of salicylic acid are not directly correlated with the removal of Cd, but with the activation of response and defense genes, which in turn may code for enzymes involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of plant cells (Moussa and ...
... number of effects caused by Cd. It is likely that the positive effects of salicylic acid are not directly correlated with the removal of Cd, but with the activation of response and defense genes, which in turn may code for enzymes involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of plant cells (Moussa and ...
Investigation of murine cytomegalovirus US22 gene family members
... Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family which consists of more than 100 members. Eight of these infect humans: herpes simplex virus I and II, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and 7, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 8. The name “herpes” is deri ...
... Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family which consists of more than 100 members. Eight of these infect humans: herpes simplex virus I and II, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and 7, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 8. The name “herpes” is deri ...
lee
... Two methods were used for observations of epithelial cells grown on filters. In the first, the filter cup was mounted directly into the chamber, and the fluorescence of Calu-3 cells was observed with one of the inverted microscopes through the filter with a long-working-distance (1.6-mm), waterimmer ...
... Two methods were used for observations of epithelial cells grown on filters. In the first, the filter cup was mounted directly into the chamber, and the fluorescence of Calu-3 cells was observed with one of the inverted microscopes through the filter with a long-working-distance (1.6-mm), waterimmer ...
Genome-Wide Distribution of Yeast RNA Polymerase II and Its
... formation of small nucleolar (sno) RNAs (Ursic et al., 1997; Rasmussen and Culbertson, 1998; Steinmetz et al., 2001), a more general role in Pol II termination has not been ruled out. Indeed, Sen1’s involvement in the autoregulation of Nrd1 mRNA level by transcription attenuation indicates that Sen1 ...
... formation of small nucleolar (sno) RNAs (Ursic et al., 1997; Rasmussen and Culbertson, 1998; Steinmetz et al., 2001), a more general role in Pol II termination has not been ruled out. Indeed, Sen1’s involvement in the autoregulation of Nrd1 mRNA level by transcription attenuation indicates that Sen1 ...
Gene Section BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) in Oncology and Haematology
... member of the core RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery, a feature exploited by the DNA damage recognition process. In addition, BRCA1 interacts with p300/CBP, transcriptional coactivators for CREB. p300/CBP are inhibited by the viral oncoprotein E1A and the functionality of E1A as an oncogen ...
... member of the core RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery, a feature exploited by the DNA damage recognition process. In addition, BRCA1 interacts with p300/CBP, transcriptional coactivators for CREB. p300/CBP are inhibited by the viral oncoprotein E1A and the functionality of E1A as an oncogen ...
Reversible translocation of cytidylyltransferase between cytosol and
... led to a less specific accumulation of the fatty acid in the endoplasmic reticulum, but cytidylyltransferase remained exclusively associated with this membrane. We conclude that in vivo translocation of cytidylyltransferase provoked by oleic acid concerns one specific pool of the enzyme distinct fro ...
... led to a less specific accumulation of the fatty acid in the endoplasmic reticulum, but cytidylyltransferase remained exclusively associated with this membrane. We conclude that in vivo translocation of cytidylyltransferase provoked by oleic acid concerns one specific pool of the enzyme distinct fro ...
Modeling the Gastric Mill Central Pattern Generator of the Lobster
... and Hartline 1976) of this system. In these studies there were many free parameters, few of which could be given unambiguous physiological interpretations, and the models were not tested with perturbations similar to those possible experimentally (Selverston et al. 1983). Thus a clear picture of the ...
... and Hartline 1976) of this system. In these studies there were many free parameters, few of which could be given unambiguous physiological interpretations, and the models were not tested with perturbations similar to those possible experimentally (Selverston et al. 1983). Thus a clear picture of the ...
Tcf3: a transcriptional regulator of axis induction in the early embryo
... axis (Huelsken et al., 2000). Ectopic activation of Wnt signaling in early mouse embryos either by mutations affecting Axin or Apc, negative regulators of β-catenin stability, or by transgenic expression of Wnt8c all lead to ectopic AP axis specification and formation of multiple nodes (Ishikawa et ...
... axis (Huelsken et al., 2000). Ectopic activation of Wnt signaling in early mouse embryos either by mutations affecting Axin or Apc, negative regulators of β-catenin stability, or by transgenic expression of Wnt8c all lead to ectopic AP axis specification and formation of multiple nodes (Ishikawa et ...
Isolated Osteoclasts Resorb the Organic and Inorganic Components
... maximal rate within 2 h, whereas organic matrix degradation appeared more slowly, reaching maximal rate by 12-24 h. Thereafter, the rates of organic and inorganic matrix resorption were essentially linear and parallel for at least 6 d when excess substrate was available. Osteoclast-mediated degradat ...
... maximal rate within 2 h, whereas organic matrix degradation appeared more slowly, reaching maximal rate by 12-24 h. Thereafter, the rates of organic and inorganic matrix resorption were essentially linear and parallel for at least 6 d when excess substrate was available. Osteoclast-mediated degradat ...
Suppressor of Hairless and Presenilin phenotypes imply
... Arthropods, vertebrates, and annelids all have a segmented body. Our recent discovery of involvement of Notch-signalling in spider segmentation revived the discussion on the origin of segmented body plans and suggests the sharing of a common genetic program in a common ancestor. Here, we analysed th ...
... Arthropods, vertebrates, and annelids all have a segmented body. Our recent discovery of involvement of Notch-signalling in spider segmentation revived the discussion on the origin of segmented body plans and suggests the sharing of a common genetic program in a common ancestor. Here, we analysed th ...
Expression and Inhibition of the Carboxylating
... not appear to be regulated by pCO2 in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO2 fixation was blocked by 3, 3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrat ...
... not appear to be regulated by pCO2 in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO2 fixation was blocked by 3, 3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrat ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... consisting of two half transporters. In either case, this type of transporter contains two transmembrane domains (TMD1 and 2), each harboring 6 transmembrane helices named 1 to 6 in TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic si ...
... consisting of two half transporters. In either case, this type of transporter contains two transmembrane domains (TMD1 and 2), each harboring 6 transmembrane helices named 1 to 6 in TMD1 and 1′ to 6′ in TMD2. Furthermore, two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) are present on the cytosolic si ...
Identification of Primary Lysosomes in Human
... in one or two cisternae, lent to GERL (Golgi, endoplasmic some22), although some of the other ...
... in one or two cisternae, lent to GERL (Golgi, endoplasmic some22), although some of the other ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic pH owing to reversible protonatio ...
... • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic pH owing to reversible protonatio ...
File
... Phases of Cell Growth (cont.) Phase G2: post-synthetic phase in which the cell prepares for mitosis by producing RNA and specialized proteins Mitosis divides the cell into two G1 daughter cells G1 cells may advance again to S phase or pass into a non-proliferative stage (G0) S phase: stage of ...
... Phases of Cell Growth (cont.) Phase G2: post-synthetic phase in which the cell prepares for mitosis by producing RNA and specialized proteins Mitosis divides the cell into two G1 daughter cells G1 cells may advance again to S phase or pass into a non-proliferative stage (G0) S phase: stage of ...
Defining a Centromere-like Element in Bacillus
... in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Gonczy and Hyman, 1996; Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Likewise, asymmetric division by the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus helps maintain polarity and dictates the dissimilar fates of the products of ...
... in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Gonczy and Hyman, 1996; Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Likewise, asymmetric division by the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus helps maintain polarity and dictates the dissimilar fates of the products of ...
Bioluminescence Microscopy
... detail transcription rates needed to be monitored at higher temporal resolution. This was done by establishing various cell lines expressing a short-lived luciferase protein from an unstable mRNA. Using high camera binning (4x4 pixels) and photon counting mode we could record and quantify transcript ...
... detail transcription rates needed to be monitored at higher temporal resolution. This was done by establishing various cell lines expressing a short-lived luciferase protein from an unstable mRNA. Using high camera binning (4x4 pixels) and photon counting mode we could record and quantify transcript ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... Clusters were also seen to persist using antibodies to endogenous Golgi enzymes as well as structural proteins such as GM130 and Giantin. Several other cell lines, including keratinocytes, PtK-1 cells, L929 fibroblasts, and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells were also tested with the same results (Shima ...
... Clusters were also seen to persist using antibodies to endogenous Golgi enzymes as well as structural proteins such as GM130 and Giantin. Several other cell lines, including keratinocytes, PtK-1 cells, L929 fibroblasts, and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells were also tested with the same results (Shima ...
Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles
... late autophagic vacuoles (Eskelinen, 2004; Kabeya et al., 2000). Western blotting of LC3 can be used to follow the induction of autophagy during amino acid starvation, or the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in cells treated with lysosomal enzyme inhibitors. The amount of the membraneassociated, ...
... late autophagic vacuoles (Eskelinen, 2004; Kabeya et al., 2000). Western blotting of LC3 can be used to follow the induction of autophagy during amino acid starvation, or the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in cells treated with lysosomal enzyme inhibitors. The amount of the membraneassociated, ...
Characterization of Citrate Transport through the Plasma Membrane
... the IPG and the WT cells. On the other hand, the activity of nitrate-sensitive ATPase, a marker enzyme of the tonoplast, was also similar between the IPG and the WT cells. Under these conditions, the vanadate-sensitive ATPase activities in the IPG and the WT cells were 0.31 and 0.25 mmol min–1 mg pr ...
... the IPG and the WT cells. On the other hand, the activity of nitrate-sensitive ATPase, a marker enzyme of the tonoplast, was also similar between the IPG and the WT cells. Under these conditions, the vanadate-sensitive ATPase activities in the IPG and the WT cells were 0.31 and 0.25 mmol min–1 mg pr ...
2386 East Heritage Way, Suite B, Salt Lake City, Utah 84109 USA
... K17-null keratinocytes (Fig. 2A,B,C,C⬘). Of all the treatment combinations tested, TNF␣ and TRAIL gave rise to a greater degree of apoptosis. K17-null cells (24.1 ± 3.5%) showed more apoptosis than wild type (15.8 ± 0.9%) in response to TNF␣ (Fig. 2A,B). This difference was obvious in TUNEL-stained ...
... K17-null keratinocytes (Fig. 2A,B,C,C⬘). Of all the treatment combinations tested, TNF␣ and TRAIL gave rise to a greater degree of apoptosis. K17-null cells (24.1 ± 3.5%) showed more apoptosis than wild type (15.8 ± 0.9%) in response to TNF␣ (Fig. 2A,B). This difference was obvious in TUNEL-stained ...
The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins
... relevance of Hsps. It is known that up-regulation of the Hsps is a common cellular response to increased levels of non-native proteins that facilitates correct protein folding/refolding or degradation of non-functional proteins. However, we also suggest that the expression level of Hsp in each speci ...
... relevance of Hsps. It is known that up-regulation of the Hsps is a common cellular response to increased levels of non-native proteins that facilitates correct protein folding/refolding or degradation of non-functional proteins. However, we also suggest that the expression level of Hsp in each speci ...