Case Study - Virology 4D quantitative analyses of virus
... Researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) used Imaris to better understand some of the processes that take place when an orthopoxvirus infects a cell. Orthpoxviruses include the viruses that cause smallpox, cowpox, monkeypox and mousepox. “The ability to surfa ...
... Researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) used Imaris to better understand some of the processes that take place when an orthopoxvirus infects a cell. Orthpoxviruses include the viruses that cause smallpox, cowpox, monkeypox and mousepox. “The ability to surfa ...
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... grafts were: a tooth germ surrounded by membrane bone and pieces of hyaline (Meckel's ?) cartilage, mimicking the whole foetal mandible, and the optic cup enclosing a mass of lentoid cells. Interestingly, in the later case lentoid cells did not originate from the surface ectoderm, but from cylindric ...
... grafts were: a tooth germ surrounded by membrane bone and pieces of hyaline (Meckel's ?) cartilage, mimicking the whole foetal mandible, and the optic cup enclosing a mass of lentoid cells. Interestingly, in the later case lentoid cells did not originate from the surface ectoderm, but from cylindric ...
PROMOTER-ASSOCIATED PAUSING IN PROMOTER
... The functional elements of the hsp70 promoter have been identified by analysis of transgenic fly lines containing a variety of promoter mutations. Initially, these analyses demonstrated the critical role of heat shock elements (the targets to which HSF bind) for heatinduced activation (Xiao and Lis ...
... The functional elements of the hsp70 promoter have been identified by analysis of transgenic fly lines containing a variety of promoter mutations. Initially, these analyses demonstrated the critical role of heat shock elements (the targets to which HSF bind) for heatinduced activation (Xiao and Lis ...
Expression of GFP-fusions in Arabidopsis companion cells reveals
... non-invasive imaging (Oparka et al., 1994). Immunohistochemical studies (Stadler and Sauer, 1996) and GUS-histochemical analyses of AtSUC2-promoter::GUS plants had previously shown that the AtSUC2-promoter is active in the root phloem (Truernit and Sauer, 1995). Moreover, analyses of roots from AtSU ...
... non-invasive imaging (Oparka et al., 1994). Immunohistochemical studies (Stadler and Sauer, 1996) and GUS-histochemical analyses of AtSUC2-promoter::GUS plants had previously shown that the AtSUC2-promoter is active in the root phloem (Truernit and Sauer, 1995). Moreover, analyses of roots from AtSU ...
Immunology of tuberculosis Review Article Alamelu Raja
... of the importance of the TLR protein family in immune responses in insects, plants and vertebrates has provided new insight into the link between innate and adaptive immunity. Medzhitov et al55 showed that a human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. The ...
... of the importance of the TLR protein family in immune responses in insects, plants and vertebrates has provided new insight into the link between innate and adaptive immunity. Medzhitov et al55 showed that a human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. The ...
Otsuka M
... with denser staining for viral proteins, indicating more vigorous viral replication (Figure 2D). Likewise, VSV titers in the brain were approximately 100-fold greater in Dicer1d/d than in wild-type mice (Figure 2E). To analyze the Dicer1-deficiency-mediated increase in VSV permissibility, we used VS ...
... with denser staining for viral proteins, indicating more vigorous viral replication (Figure 2D). Likewise, VSV titers in the brain were approximately 100-fold greater in Dicer1d/d than in wild-type mice (Figure 2E). To analyze the Dicer1-deficiency-mediated increase in VSV permissibility, we used VS ...
arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also
... orientated parallel with the long axis of the plastid. Chloroplast profiles contain an average of six to ten stacks of three or four appressed membranes. This is in marked contrast to wild-type plastids in which the thylakoid membranes are much less well developed with little obvious organisation (F ...
... orientated parallel with the long axis of the plastid. Chloroplast profiles contain an average of six to ten stacks of three or four appressed membranes. This is in marked contrast to wild-type plastids in which the thylakoid membranes are much less well developed with little obvious organisation (F ...
Immunology of tuberculosis
... of the importance of the TLR protein family in immune responses in insects, plants and vertebrates has provided new insight into the link between innate and adaptive immunity. Medzhitov et al55 showed that a human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. The ...
... of the importance of the TLR protein family in immune responses in insects, plants and vertebrates has provided new insight into the link between innate and adaptive immunity. Medzhitov et al55 showed that a human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. The ...
Chapter # PLASMA MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID ASYMMETRY
... phospholipids and their subsequent turnover are located at sites accessible to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. Evidence for this has come from various approaches including the action of regulatory factors like c-Fos. cFos is an inducible transcription factor that constitutes DNA-binding AP- ...
... phospholipids and their subsequent turnover are located at sites accessible to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. Evidence for this has come from various approaches including the action of regulatory factors like c-Fos. cFos is an inducible transcription factor that constitutes DNA-binding AP- ...
Pass the bicarb: the importance of HCO3 – for mucin release
... turn leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Why CF mucus is so different from normal mucus is not well understood. The other focus in CF research turns inward to the cell interior. Investigations in this area have identified numerous cellular proteins that interact with, and whose activiti ...
... turn leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Why CF mucus is so different from normal mucus is not well understood. The other focus in CF research turns inward to the cell interior. Investigations in this area have identified numerous cellular proteins that interact with, and whose activiti ...
Physiological Structure and Single
... allow inferences about the others (Smith and del Giorgio 2003). In this chapter, we refer to the ensemble of these single-cell characteristics and processes as the “physiological structure” of bacterial assemblages. As we hope to make evident in this chapter, this structure can be neither described ...
... allow inferences about the others (Smith and del Giorgio 2003). In this chapter, we refer to the ensemble of these single-cell characteristics and processes as the “physiological structure” of bacterial assemblages. As we hope to make evident in this chapter, this structure can be neither described ...
IBC Assessment
... identity and source of donor nucleic acid, including common and scientific names of donor organisms, if relevant genetic modification(s), (target genes) method of genetic modification and expected phenotype/trait/outcomes a list of the dealings proposed and assessed (this may be all dealings ...
... identity and source of donor nucleic acid, including common and scientific names of donor organisms, if relevant genetic modification(s), (target genes) method of genetic modification and expected phenotype/trait/outcomes a list of the dealings proposed and assessed (this may be all dealings ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... the pool of MT-nucleating factors in cells is likely restricted and has to be redistributed between the centrosome and the Golgi via regulated scaffolding. For example, release of centrosomal nucleation machinery by Cep192 depletion facilitates Golgiderived nucleation (O’Rourke et al., 2014).This do ...
... the pool of MT-nucleating factors in cells is likely restricted and has to be redistributed between the centrosome and the Golgi via regulated scaffolding. For example, release of centrosomal nucleation machinery by Cep192 depletion facilitates Golgiderived nucleation (O’Rourke et al., 2014).This do ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... required for cellularization include key regulators of membrane trafficking, such as Rab11 and nuf (Pelissier et al., 2003; Riggs et al., 2003; Rothwell et al., 1998) and zygotic genes such as slam (Acharya et al., 2014) and nullo. The latter is involved in the regulation of F-actin at the furrow ca ...
... required for cellularization include key regulators of membrane trafficking, such as Rab11 and nuf (Pelissier et al., 2003; Riggs et al., 2003; Rothwell et al., 1998) and zygotic genes such as slam (Acharya et al., 2014) and nullo. The latter is involved in the regulation of F-actin at the furrow ca ...
Leukaemia Section t(9;14)(p13;q32) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... factors, involved in a multitude of developmental processes. PAX5 was originally identified as a B-cell specific transcription factor (hence its original name, BSAP). Recently it has been shown that PAX5 expression is continuously required in B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development ...
... factors, involved in a multitude of developmental processes. PAX5 was originally identified as a B-cell specific transcription factor (hence its original name, BSAP). Recently it has been shown that PAX5 expression is continuously required in B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development ...
Development
... W TH12 fluorescence tubes). Subsequently, the roots were cleared in 3% sodium hypochlorite (Truchet et al., 1989) and examined under the transmission light microscope using Nomarski interference contrast. To enhance contrast, methylene blue was used in some experiments. For the experiments performed ...
... W TH12 fluorescence tubes). Subsequently, the roots were cleared in 3% sodium hypochlorite (Truchet et al., 1989) and examined under the transmission light microscope using Nomarski interference contrast. To enhance contrast, methylene blue was used in some experiments. For the experiments performed ...
Cadherins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane - HAL
... cytoskeleton binding proteins and regulating proteins and the reorganization of cytoskeleton network. All these processes are intimately interrelated and their individual contribution to the modulation of cell-cell junction strength remains difficult to define. Consequently, to explore the role of t ...
... cytoskeleton binding proteins and regulating proteins and the reorganization of cytoskeleton network. All these processes are intimately interrelated and their individual contribution to the modulation of cell-cell junction strength remains difficult to define. Consequently, to explore the role of t ...
insect transmitted plant pathogenic mollicutes, spiroplasma kunkelii
... importin α for nuclear transport. Transcripts corresponding to the phytoplasma proteins were detected in AY-WB phytoplasma-infected insects and plants by RT-PCR. Microarrays demonstrated that phytoplasma A11 protein affected the expression profiles of 53 tomato genes, including several transcription ...
... importin α for nuclear transport. Transcripts corresponding to the phytoplasma proteins were detected in AY-WB phytoplasma-infected insects and plants by RT-PCR. Microarrays demonstrated that phytoplasma A11 protein affected the expression profiles of 53 tomato genes, including several transcription ...
Extra-embryonic endoderm differentiation
... cell differentiation can be directly promoted by parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) (Chan et al., 1990; van de Stolpe et al., 1993). Furthermore, PTHrP has been demonstrated to stimulate the migration of PE cells from ICM explants (Behrendtsen et al., 1995). Taken together, these observatio ...
... cell differentiation can be directly promoted by parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) (Chan et al., 1990; van de Stolpe et al., 1993). Furthermore, PTHrP has been demonstrated to stimulate the migration of PE cells from ICM explants (Behrendtsen et al., 1995). Taken together, these observatio ...
The Role of Vacuole and Vacuolar H+
... protective cellular mechanisms in response to heavy metal stress are not well-understood yet. Previously, it has been found that the yeast deletion mutants lacking vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase) activity, which functions in vacuolar acidification, exhibited growth defects under cadmium stress conditio ...
... protective cellular mechanisms in response to heavy metal stress are not well-understood yet. Previously, it has been found that the yeast deletion mutants lacking vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase) activity, which functions in vacuolar acidification, exhibited growth defects under cadmium stress conditio ...
********* 1 - Botanik in Bonn
... On thin membranous structures going through the cell wall (plasmodesmata). ...
... On thin membranous structures going through the cell wall (plasmodesmata). ...
File produced at level 10
... balance between mitochondrial fusion and division in different cell contexts. For example, mitochondria break into smaller pieces early in programmed cell death (apoptosis). This event is triggered by up-regulation of Drp1/Dnm1 and down-regulation of mitofusins. Later in apoptosis, altered OPA1/Mgm1 ...
... balance between mitochondrial fusion and division in different cell contexts. For example, mitochondria break into smaller pieces early in programmed cell death (apoptosis). This event is triggered by up-regulation of Drp1/Dnm1 and down-regulation of mitofusins. Later in apoptosis, altered OPA1/Mgm1 ...
Processing of a Wheat Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
... Fig. 2 A (lane 2) shows that the 32.5- and 31-kD precursor forms were associated with the membrane fraction after incubation with the chloroplasts. Both were thermolysin sensitive (Fig. 2 A, lane 3) indicating that they were attached to the outside of the chloroplast. In addition, two new bands that ...
... Fig. 2 A (lane 2) shows that the 32.5- and 31-kD precursor forms were associated with the membrane fraction after incubation with the chloroplasts. Both were thermolysin sensitive (Fig. 2 A, lane 3) indicating that they were attached to the outside of the chloroplast. In addition, two new bands that ...
CONDENSIN AND COHESIN: MORE THAN CHROMOSOME
... that modulate gene output can operate globally at a chromosome-wide level, regionally over a subchromosomal domain or locally on an individual gene. Cis-regulatory DNA elements, such as enhancers, silencers and insulators, mediate these levels of gene regulation by recruiting trans-acting factors th ...
... that modulate gene output can operate globally at a chromosome-wide level, regionally over a subchromosomal domain or locally on an individual gene. Cis-regulatory DNA elements, such as enhancers, silencers and insulators, mediate these levels of gene regulation by recruiting trans-acting factors th ...
Mating behavior, male sensory cilia, and polycystins
... male-specific sensory neurons required for chemotaxis to mates, response to mates, and location of vulva behaviors (see Lints review). The 21 male-specific neurons that express polycystins are: the four CEM neurons in the head, with ciliated sensory endings in the nose; the ray B-type neurons (RnBs, w ...
... male-specific sensory neurons required for chemotaxis to mates, response to mates, and location of vulva behaviors (see Lints review). The 21 male-specific neurons that express polycystins are: the four CEM neurons in the head, with ciliated sensory endings in the nose; the ray B-type neurons (RnBs, w ...