Serial endosymbiosis or singular event at the origin of eukaryotes?
... 1.2. Oxygen, UV radiation and extinction Margulis displayed both an unusual breadth of thinking and a curious blind spot in her discussion of atmospheric chemistry. I can only imagine what stimulating conversations she and her cosmologist husband Carl Sagan must have enjoyed over dinner; but it was ...
... 1.2. Oxygen, UV radiation and extinction Margulis displayed both an unusual breadth of thinking and a curious blind spot in her discussion of atmospheric chemistry. I can only imagine what stimulating conversations she and her cosmologist husband Carl Sagan must have enjoyed over dinner; but it was ...
Selection of Shigella flexneri candidate virulence genes
... 614 C. Bartoleschi et al. Shigella spp. survive and proliferate within host cytoplasms in which they induce many biochemical reactions of cells undergoing metabolic stress (Mantis et al., 1996). Nevertheless, while much is known about plasmidencoded proteins involved in the secretory machinery, ent ...
... 614 C. Bartoleschi et al. Shigella spp. survive and proliferate within host cytoplasms in which they induce many biochemical reactions of cells undergoing metabolic stress (Mantis et al., 1996). Nevertheless, while much is known about plasmidencoded proteins involved in the secretory machinery, ent ...
Plastid Ontogeny during Petal Development in Arabidopsis
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
... 1997). Plastid differentiation during petal development has been studied with only a few species, primarily those with yellow petals: Tropaeolum majus (Falk, 1976; Winkenbach et al., 1976), Ranunculus sp. (Brett and Sommerard, 1986), and Caltha palustris (Whatley, 1984). Studies of the yellow coroll ...
Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism
... blue, transporters for water and organic solutes; orange, inorganic anion channels and transporters; green, cation transporters; pink, secondary metabolite transporters. 1, V-PPase; 2, V-ATPase; 3, MRP-type ABC transporter; 4, P-type Ca2+ pump; 5–7, tonoplastic intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are permeabl ...
... blue, transporters for water and organic solutes; orange, inorganic anion channels and transporters; green, cation transporters; pink, secondary metabolite transporters. 1, V-PPase; 2, V-ATPase; 3, MRP-type ABC transporter; 4, P-type Ca2+ pump; 5–7, tonoplastic intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are permeabl ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... The migration of mesodermal cells away from their site of internalization is a conserved feature of vertebrate gastrulation, although the importance of this process on the mechanics of gastrulation may differ between taxonomic groups (Winklbauer, 1994). Available evidence suggests that migration is ...
... The migration of mesodermal cells away from their site of internalization is a conserved feature of vertebrate gastrulation, although the importance of this process on the mechanics of gastrulation may differ between taxonomic groups (Winklbauer, 1994). Available evidence suggests that migration is ...
Lymphatic endothelial differentiation: start out with Sox
... respect to the first part of this question at least, a study by Peter Koopman and co-workers (François et al. [10]) published recently in Nature adds an important piece to the puzzle, by elucidating the role of the transcription factor Sox18 in the regulation of Prox1. Mutations in the gene for Sox1 ...
... respect to the first part of this question at least, a study by Peter Koopman and co-workers (François et al. [10]) published recently in Nature adds an important piece to the puzzle, by elucidating the role of the transcription factor Sox18 in the regulation of Prox1. Mutations in the gene for Sox1 ...
Nodal mutant eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN
... isolated from them, XEN cell lines were established from Nodal mutant embryos. Because Nodal2/2 embryos are not viable, XEN cell lines were established by crossing mice that possessed a heterozygous deletion of Nodal (Nodal+/2). Blastocysts of unknown genotype were isolated at 3.5 dpc, and XEN cell ...
... isolated from them, XEN cell lines were established from Nodal mutant embryos. Because Nodal2/2 embryos are not viable, XEN cell lines were established by crossing mice that possessed a heterozygous deletion of Nodal (Nodal+/2). Blastocysts of unknown genotype were isolated at 3.5 dpc, and XEN cell ...
Characterization of the hepatitis B virus matrix domain function in
... DNA). The negative strand is the coding strand and contains the full length of the genome while the positively sensed strand has a variable length and is mostly shorter than unit length (Summers et al., 1975). In the viral life cycle, the genome is produced by reverse transcription of a pregenomic R ...
... DNA). The negative strand is the coding strand and contains the full length of the genome while the positively sensed strand has a variable length and is mostly shorter than unit length (Summers et al., 1975). In the viral life cycle, the genome is produced by reverse transcription of a pregenomic R ...
Liposome
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
pdf - The Elf Lab
... minor tRNA will decrease to very low values. These predictions are consistent with early and until now unexplained experimental data demonstrating that E. coli cells subjected to severe amino acid starvation have high residual charging levels for several tRNA isoacceptor families (11–13). Our explan ...
... minor tRNA will decrease to very low values. These predictions are consistent with early and until now unexplained experimental data demonstrating that E. coli cells subjected to severe amino acid starvation have high residual charging levels for several tRNA isoacceptor families (11–13). Our explan ...
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm
... acid response, has been demonstrated [61]. Movement across a membrane appears to be facilitated in some cell contexts by Stra6, a membrane bound protein that can interact with retinol binding protein, which binds retinol in the serum. The loss of Stra6 in the mouse has only a modest effect on the le ...
... acid response, has been demonstrated [61]. Movement across a membrane appears to be facilitated in some cell contexts by Stra6, a membrane bound protein that can interact with retinol binding protein, which binds retinol in the serum. The loss of Stra6 in the mouse has only a modest effect on the le ...
Figure 2 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... In order to ensure their survival, bacteria must sense and adapt to a variety of environmental signals. Motile bacteria are able to orient their movement in a chemical gradient by chemotaxis. During chemotaxis, environmental signals are detected by chemotaxis receptors and are propagated via a signa ...
... In order to ensure their survival, bacteria must sense and adapt to a variety of environmental signals. Motile bacteria are able to orient their movement in a chemical gradient by chemotaxis. During chemotaxis, environmental signals are detected by chemotaxis receptors and are propagated via a signa ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... • C-activation: alteration of C proteins such that they interact with the next component ...
... • C-activation: alteration of C proteins such that they interact with the next component ...
CLC Chloride Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans*
... conserved between the C. elegans CLC genes. The ceclc-5 gene is shorter and contains less introns than the other CLC genes. This apparent evolutionary divergence is also reflected in its weak homology to the other CeCLC proteins. Localization of CeCLC-2, CeCLC-3, and CeCLC-4 in C. elegans by GFP Exp ...
... conserved between the C. elegans CLC genes. The ceclc-5 gene is shorter and contains less introns than the other CLC genes. This apparent evolutionary divergence is also reflected in its weak homology to the other CeCLC proteins. Localization of CeCLC-2, CeCLC-3, and CeCLC-4 in C. elegans by GFP Exp ...
A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in
... A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in Plants Urban Johanson and Sofia Gustavsson Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as cha ...
... A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in Plants Urban Johanson and Sofia Gustavsson Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as cha ...
Monoclonal antibody 7G3 recognizes the N
... mapping experiments using truncated IL-3R a-chain mutants and IL-3RaIGM-CSFRa chimeras revealed that 31 amino acids in the N-terminus of IL-3Ra were required for MoAb 763 binding. MoAb 763 may be of clinical significance for antagonizing IL-3 in pathologic conditions such as some myeloid leukemias, ...
... mapping experiments using truncated IL-3R a-chain mutants and IL-3RaIGM-CSFRa chimeras revealed that 31 amino acids in the N-terminus of IL-3Ra were required for MoAb 763 binding. MoAb 763 may be of clinical significance for antagonizing IL-3 in pathologic conditions such as some myeloid leukemias, ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... non-coated plasma membrane vesicles or invaginations within the alveolar epithelial type I cell has long been recognised. The putative function of these vesicles in macromolecule transport remains the focus of research in both pulmonary physiology and pharmaceutical science disciplines. These vesicl ...
... non-coated plasma membrane vesicles or invaginations within the alveolar epithelial type I cell has long been recognised. The putative function of these vesicles in macromolecule transport remains the focus of research in both pulmonary physiology and pharmaceutical science disciplines. These vesicl ...
Phloem imaging - Oxford Academic
... taken with different methods is quite obviously superior to relying on just one system. For example, the rough localization of a fluorescently labelled protein in a CLSM image can be correlated with a certain subcellular structure in a TEM image taken of the same cell (Lidke and Lidke, 2012). ...
... taken with different methods is quite obviously superior to relying on just one system. For example, the rough localization of a fluorescently labelled protein in a CLSM image can be correlated with a certain subcellular structure in a TEM image taken of the same cell (Lidke and Lidke, 2012). ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... animal’s unique body-plan. While gastrulation has been studied extensively in classic model systems such as flies, worms, and vertebrates, less is known about gastrulation at a mechanistic level in other taxa. Surprisingly, one particularly neglected group constitutes a major branch of animals: the ...
... animal’s unique body-plan. While gastrulation has been studied extensively in classic model systems such as flies, worms, and vertebrates, less is known about gastrulation at a mechanistic level in other taxa. Surprisingly, one particularly neglected group constitutes a major branch of animals: the ...
Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane
... similarity to the Gtr1_RagA/PF04670 domain (supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online). Proteins with this domain comprise atypical members of the Ras superfamily functioning in target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling at the lysosome/vacuole (Sekiguchi et al. 2001; Kim et al. 200 ...
... similarity to the Gtr1_RagA/PF04670 domain (supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online). Proteins with this domain comprise atypical members of the Ras superfamily functioning in target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling at the lysosome/vacuole (Sekiguchi et al. 2001; Kim et al. 200 ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with pr ...
... The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with pr ...
Full-Text PDF
... importance of such phenomena lies partly in the fact that physically associated enzymes or transient multi-enzyme complexes have the potential to exhibit unique catalytic properties in contrast to isolated enzymes [25,26]. Compartmentalization may include both metabolites and enzymes. The enzymes ca ...
... importance of such phenomena lies partly in the fact that physically associated enzymes or transient multi-enzyme complexes have the potential to exhibit unique catalytic properties in contrast to isolated enzymes [25,26]. Compartmentalization may include both metabolites and enzymes. The enzymes ca ...
Articulins and epiplasmins - Journal of Cell Science
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
Review Robustness of Cellular Functions
... appropriate term (Edelman and Gally, 2001). Closer investigation of robustness in cellular networks resulting from redundant genes or pathways, thus, offers one approach to uncover design principles. In this respect, many studies suffer from the fact that direct links between robustness and gene or ...
... appropriate term (Edelman and Gally, 2001). Closer investigation of robustness in cellular networks resulting from redundant genes or pathways, thus, offers one approach to uncover design principles. In this respect, many studies suffer from the fact that direct links between robustness and gene or ...
A homozygous splicing mutation causing a
... autosomal-dominant CCD was linked to the RYR1 gene in a majority of investigated families. The mutations identified so far in RYR1 were missense mutations and in-frame microdeletions that mostly mapped to the C-terminal domain of the protein. Four clinical subgroups have been distinguished in MmD (1 ...
... autosomal-dominant CCD was linked to the RYR1 gene in a majority of investigated families. The mutations identified so far in RYR1 were missense mutations and in-frame microdeletions that mostly mapped to the C-terminal domain of the protein. Four clinical subgroups have been distinguished in MmD (1 ...