Commentary on “Research on Mitotic Mechanisms”
... of the cell in preparation for cell division. Its biological importance is seen in the facts that accurate chromosome segregation is essential for successful cell division and mitosis achieves this goal in a huge and diverse group of organisms. Its medical importance follows from multiple facets of ...
... of the cell in preparation for cell division. Its biological importance is seen in the facts that accurate chromosome segregation is essential for successful cell division and mitosis achieves this goal in a huge and diverse group of organisms. Its medical importance follows from multiple facets of ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... nism of regulation in which ABC-transporter-like complexes regulate the activities of specific endopeptidases (Sham et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2011). The ABC transporter corresponds to a previously described cell division factor called FtsEX. It seems that the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-bindi ...
... nism of regulation in which ABC-transporter-like complexes regulate the activities of specific endopeptidases (Sham et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2011). The ABC transporter corresponds to a previously described cell division factor called FtsEX. It seems that the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-bindi ...
osmosis - Biofizika
... Biological membranes consists of lipids and proteins to bind with non-covalent bond. Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes. Phospholipid = diglyceride (1 glycerole + 2 fatty acids) + phosphate group + organic molecule (e.g. choline) ...
... Biological membranes consists of lipids and proteins to bind with non-covalent bond. Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes. Phospholipid = diglyceride (1 glycerole + 2 fatty acids) + phosphate group + organic molecule (e.g. choline) ...
chromosomes
... Evidence for Cytoplasmic Signals The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm Some evidence for this hypothesis comes from experiments with cultured mammalian cells Cells at different phases of the cell cycle were fused to form a single cell with two nucle ...
... Evidence for Cytoplasmic Signals The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm Some evidence for this hypothesis comes from experiments with cultured mammalian cells Cells at different phases of the cell cycle were fused to form a single cell with two nucle ...
AP Bio Ch 4 Study Guide
... a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. b. is smaller than a primary lysosome. c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. e. has exocytosed. ____ 45. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they conta ...
... a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. b. is smaller than a primary lysosome. c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. e. has exocytosed. ____ 45. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they conta ...
review of the EBNA3 proteins here - EBV Microarray data interrogation
... blast-like stage of differentiation, but they have a distinctive EBV-specific phenotype. In addition, the process of EBV-induced proliferation is ‘sensed’ by B cells as abnormal and so activates various innate responses that cells have evolved to prevent non-physiological DNA replication and prolife ...
... blast-like stage of differentiation, but they have a distinctive EBV-specific phenotype. In addition, the process of EBV-induced proliferation is ‘sensed’ by B cells as abnormal and so activates various innate responses that cells have evolved to prevent non-physiological DNA replication and prolife ...
The Identity of Proteins Associated with a Small Heat Shock Protein
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (12), a transacting DNA-binding protein involved in the response to glucocorticoids (13), a proteasomal subunit (14), an F-box protein (15), myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (16), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (17). In vertebrates, sHSPs are proposed to interact d ...
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (12), a transacting DNA-binding protein involved in the response to glucocorticoids (13), a proteasomal subunit (14), an F-box protein (15), myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (16), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (17). In vertebrates, sHSPs are proposed to interact d ...
Traffic into silence: endomembranes and
... The endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells allows the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of macromolecule synthesis, sorting, delivery, and degradation. It consists of a variety of organelles that are connected either directly or through transport vesicles, the formation of which necessitate ...
... The endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells allows the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of macromolecule synthesis, sorting, delivery, and degradation. It consists of a variety of organelles that are connected either directly or through transport vesicles, the formation of which necessitate ...
Full Text - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... to provide the blood–brain barrier in the nervous system, and to provide an important line of defense against invading pathogens. More than 20 genes have been identified to function in the establishment or maintenance of SJs in Drosophila melanogaster. Numerous studies have demonstrated the cell biol ...
... to provide the blood–brain barrier in the nervous system, and to provide an important line of defense against invading pathogens. More than 20 genes have been identified to function in the establishment or maintenance of SJs in Drosophila melanogaster. Numerous studies have demonstrated the cell biol ...
Repairing the Damaged Plasma Membrane of the
... contain porins, and is highly impermeable to all molecules. Nuclear Membrane The nuclear envelope, otherwise known as nuclear membrane, consists of two cellular membranes, an inner and an outer membrane, arranged parallel to one another and separated by 10 to 50 nanometres (nm). The ...
... contain porins, and is highly impermeable to all molecules. Nuclear Membrane The nuclear envelope, otherwise known as nuclear membrane, consists of two cellular membranes, an inner and an outer membrane, arranged parallel to one another and separated by 10 to 50 nanometres (nm). The ...
REVIEWS How membrane proteins travel across the mitochondrial
... A newly discovered family of small proteins in the yeast mitochondrial intermembrane space mediates import of hydrophobic proteins from the cytoplasm into the inner membrane. Loss of one of these chaperone-like proteins from human mitochondria results in a disease that causes deafness, muscle weakne ...
... A newly discovered family of small proteins in the yeast mitochondrial intermembrane space mediates import of hydrophobic proteins from the cytoplasm into the inner membrane. Loss of one of these chaperone-like proteins from human mitochondria results in a disease that causes deafness, muscle weakne ...
as a PDF
... the spindle pole body located in the mother. In late anaphase it strongly associated with the bud neck. Whereas the role of Kin4 in mitotic exit inhibition in cells with a misaligned spindle has been studied in great detail, it is not clear yet how the signal is transmitted from the spindle pole bod ...
... the spindle pole body located in the mother. In late anaphase it strongly associated with the bud neck. Whereas the role of Kin4 in mitotic exit inhibition in cells with a misaligned spindle has been studied in great detail, it is not clear yet how the signal is transmitted from the spindle pole bod ...
Transcription factories
... pre-assembled factories comes from a study (Ferrai et al., 2010) which identified two different types of factories: one contained active (phosphorylated at Ser5 and Ser2) and the other poised RNA polymerase II (phosphorylated at Ser5 only). The poised factories were associated with the inducible uPA ...
... pre-assembled factories comes from a study (Ferrai et al., 2010) which identified two different types of factories: one contained active (phosphorylated at Ser5 and Ser2) and the other poised RNA polymerase II (phosphorylated at Ser5 only). The poised factories were associated with the inducible uPA ...
SepF, a novel FtsZ-interacting protein required for a late step in cell
... that they form heteromultimers that ensure their stability (Sievers and Errington, 2000; Robson et al., 2002). Therefore, it has been proposed that these proteins may fulfil a regulatory role in divisome assembly and/or disassembly. The divisomes of B. subtilis and E. coli appear to be comparable in ...
... that they form heteromultimers that ensure their stability (Sievers and Errington, 2000; Robson et al., 2002). Therefore, it has been proposed that these proteins may fulfil a regulatory role in divisome assembly and/or disassembly. The divisomes of B. subtilis and E. coli appear to be comparable in ...
Getting the message across: how do plant cells exchange
... Although Rab proteins are generally associated with the regulation of vesicle-mediated transport [22], they might also play a role in trafficking large ribonucleoprotein complexes to the cell periphery. For example, in the Drosophila oocyte, Rab11 has been shown to be involved in highly polarized mR ...
... Although Rab proteins are generally associated with the regulation of vesicle-mediated transport [22], they might also play a role in trafficking large ribonucleoprotein complexes to the cell periphery. For example, in the Drosophila oocyte, Rab11 has been shown to be involved in highly polarized mR ...
HIV-1 integrase is capable of targeting DNA to the nucleus via an
... control in these experiments, indicating that IN is imported into the nucleus via a highly efficient mechanism. IN possesses inherent DNA binding ability [38] which, combined with its small size (32 kDa), may allow nuclear accumulation to occur via passive diffusion and binding to DNA or other nucle ...
... control in these experiments, indicating that IN is imported into the nucleus via a highly efficient mechanism. IN possesses inherent DNA binding ability [38] which, combined with its small size (32 kDa), may allow nuclear accumulation to occur via passive diffusion and binding to DNA or other nucle ...
The trans-Golgi network GRIP-domain proteins form α
... golgins specifically associated with the TGN (trans-Golgi network) have recently been identified [6,7] based on the presence of a modestly conserved, 45-residue Golgi targeting sequence located at the C-terminus, called the GRIP domain [8–10]. The importance of the TGN golgins is highlighted by the ...
... golgins specifically associated with the TGN (trans-Golgi network) have recently been identified [6,7] based on the presence of a modestly conserved, 45-residue Golgi targeting sequence located at the C-terminus, called the GRIP domain [8–10]. The importance of the TGN golgins is highlighted by the ...
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation
... passenger complex proteins are preferentially concentrated at inner centromeres, they are thought to be important signals in kinetochore-mediated spindle formation (O'Connell et al. 2009). In plants, however, the key components of the chromosome passenger complex (such as INCENP) appear to be absent ...
... passenger complex proteins are preferentially concentrated at inner centromeres, they are thought to be important signals in kinetochore-mediated spindle formation (O'Connell et al. 2009). In plants, however, the key components of the chromosome passenger complex (such as INCENP) appear to be absent ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
... transport (anterograde transport and/or retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER) [15,16]. It was assumed that two types of COPI-coated vesicles form at the Golgi apparatus level containing anterograde or retrograde cargo (KDEL receptor) and low amounts of Golgi enzymes [17]. Martinez-Menarguez ...
Parts of the Cell In
... Plasma Membrane = a flexible boundary that is selectively permeability. It helps to maintain homeostasis. plants, bacteria, and fungus have an additional boundary--the cell wall ...
... Plasma Membrane = a flexible boundary that is selectively permeability. It helps to maintain homeostasis. plants, bacteria, and fungus have an additional boundary--the cell wall ...
pdf full text
... typically reported as a coefficient of variation, that is, the ratio between standard deviation and mean expression level. Extrinsic noise: gene-independent fluctuations in gene expression levels, attributed to environmental fluctuations such as the number of available Pol II molecules per nucleus. ...
... typically reported as a coefficient of variation, that is, the ratio between standard deviation and mean expression level. Extrinsic noise: gene-independent fluctuations in gene expression levels, attributed to environmental fluctuations such as the number of available Pol II molecules per nucleus. ...
Novel plasmodesmata association of dehydrin
... The subcellular location of the 24-kDa protein in cold-acclimated C. sericea stem tissues was determined by immunogold labeling and TEM. The nucleus and cytoplasm of xylem parenchyma and cortical cells were uniformly labeled with immunogold particles (Figures 3A and 3E). Exposure of similar tissues ...
... The subcellular location of the 24-kDa protein in cold-acclimated C. sericea stem tissues was determined by immunogold labeling and TEM. The nucleus and cytoplasm of xylem parenchyma and cortical cells were uniformly labeled with immunogold particles (Figures 3A and 3E). Exposure of similar tissues ...
Functional characterization of cohesin subunit SCC1 in
... from S-phase to anaphase is maintained by cohesin, a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex (Losada and Hirano, 2005; Nasmyth and Haering, 2005). SMC complexes are composed of a SMC heterodimer, a kleisin and specific non-SMC subunits. In the case of cohesin, the a-kleisin is SCC1 which ...
... from S-phase to anaphase is maintained by cohesin, a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex (Losada and Hirano, 2005; Nasmyth and Haering, 2005). SMC complexes are composed of a SMC heterodimer, a kleisin and specific non-SMC subunits. In the case of cohesin, the a-kleisin is SCC1 which ...
Chromosome Choreography: The Meiotic Ballet
... protein localization within RNs has demonthe SC play an important role in other strated that these structures contain recomchromosome interactions as well. For exbination proteins and has provided support ample, in Drosophila oocytes the SC for the existence of two distinct types of breaks down at t ...
... protein localization within RNs has demonthe SC play an important role in other strated that these structures contain recomchromosome interactions as well. For exbination proteins and has provided support ample, in Drosophila oocytes the SC for the existence of two distinct types of breaks down at t ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.