The Role of the 3` UTR in Regulated Post
... Regulation of mRNA decay rate (half-life) is a major determinant of mRNA abundance in a cell. The half-life of an individual mRNA can vary several orders of magnitude, from minutes to days. Some of the most highly regulated transcripts, under normal physiological circumstances, are exquisitely unsta ...
... Regulation of mRNA decay rate (half-life) is a major determinant of mRNA abundance in a cell. The half-life of an individual mRNA can vary several orders of magnitude, from minutes to days. Some of the most highly regulated transcripts, under normal physiological circumstances, are exquisitely unsta ...
Protists - isnabiology
... • Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms • Although ancient, they are more recent than monerans • Demonstrate an important evolutionary advancement a discrete, membrane bound nucleus • Most are microscopic and unicellular • Most found in fresh/salt water • More than a 115,000 species ...
... • Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms • Although ancient, they are more recent than monerans • Demonstrate an important evolutionary advancement a discrete, membrane bound nucleus • Most are microscopic and unicellular • Most found in fresh/salt water • More than a 115,000 species ...
Serial Endosymbiotic Theory
... are composed, evolved from the symbiosis of smaller aerobic and autotrophic prokaryotic cells (bacteria) living within larger prokaryotic cells. Unlike plant and animal cells, prokaryotic cells contain no membrane bound organelles or an organized nucleus. Based on this theory, organelles such as the ...
... are composed, evolved from the symbiosis of smaller aerobic and autotrophic prokaryotic cells (bacteria) living within larger prokaryotic cells. Unlike plant and animal cells, prokaryotic cells contain no membrane bound organelles or an organized nucleus. Based on this theory, organelles such as the ...
Serial Endosymbiotic Theory
... are composed, evolved from the symbiosis of smaller aerobic and autotrophic prokaryotic cells (bacteria) living within larger prokaryotic cells. Unlike plant and animal cells, prokaryotic cells contain no membrane bound organelles or an organized nucleus. Based on this theory, organelles such as the ...
... are composed, evolved from the symbiosis of smaller aerobic and autotrophic prokaryotic cells (bacteria) living within larger prokaryotic cells. Unlike plant and animal cells, prokaryotic cells contain no membrane bound organelles or an organized nucleus. Based on this theory, organelles such as the ...
Speciation of Small Molecules and Inorganic Ions in Salmon Egg
... 3.8 min may be corresponding to some small molecules or inorganic ions. In the chromatograms detected by ICP-MS, shown in Fig. 1, Fe, Cu, and Zn provided their main peaks at around 2.2 min, respectively. The retention times for these peaks almost agreed with those for proteins obtained by UV absorpt ...
... 3.8 min may be corresponding to some small molecules or inorganic ions. In the chromatograms detected by ICP-MS, shown in Fig. 1, Fe, Cu, and Zn provided their main peaks at around 2.2 min, respectively. The retention times for these peaks almost agreed with those for proteins obtained by UV absorpt ...
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances
... The plasma membrane is semi-permeable and allows certain substances to move across. Based on the above statement, describe how an amino acid molecule is transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. P1-Amino acid is a large water soluble molecule P2-It requires carrier protein to move across ...
... The plasma membrane is semi-permeable and allows certain substances to move across. Based on the above statement, describe how an amino acid molecule is transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. P1-Amino acid is a large water soluble molecule P2-It requires carrier protein to move across ...
Protein Import, Replication, and Inheritance of a Vestigial
... Their mitosomal localization, however, suggests that these proteins are imported into the organelle via non-cleavable targeting signals that may be equivalent to those from a number of luminal mitochondrial proteins such as oxoacyl-CoA thiolase and chaperonin 10 (25–27). In contrast, putative organe ...
... Their mitosomal localization, however, suggests that these proteins are imported into the organelle via non-cleavable targeting signals that may be equivalent to those from a number of luminal mitochondrial proteins such as oxoacyl-CoA thiolase and chaperonin 10 (25–27). In contrast, putative organe ...
Molecular paleontology and complexity in the last eukaryotic
... Endomembrane compartments would have been essentially indistinguishable from modern cells, and included the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, endosomes, autophagosomes and others (many not shown for clarity). The LECA was also capable of both conventional endocytosis and phagocytosis. The nu ...
... Endomembrane compartments would have been essentially indistinguishable from modern cells, and included the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, endosomes, autophagosomes and others (many not shown for clarity). The LECA was also capable of both conventional endocytosis and phagocytosis. The nu ...
mRNA surveillance: the perfect persist
... protein that has a cysteine-histidine-rich region at its NThree interacting trans-acting factors, Upf1p, Upf2p, and terminus, reminiscent of a zinc finger (Applequist et al., 1997; Upf3p, are required for NMD in S. cerevisiae but play no role Atkin et al., 1997; Bhattacharya et al., 2000). Upf1p is ...
... protein that has a cysteine-histidine-rich region at its NThree interacting trans-acting factors, Upf1p, Upf2p, and terminus, reminiscent of a zinc finger (Applequist et al., 1997; Upf3p, are required for NMD in S. cerevisiae but play no role Atkin et al., 1997; Bhattacharya et al., 2000). Upf1p is ...
Slide 1
... Cis-acting elements on the same chromosome, which regulate a neighboring gene. They are somewhat like operators, in that they are binding sites for transcription factors that can “up” or “down” regulate transcription. However, they function ANYWHERE near the gene: before, within, or after ...
... Cis-acting elements on the same chromosome, which regulate a neighboring gene. They are somewhat like operators, in that they are binding sites for transcription factors that can “up” or “down” regulate transcription. However, they function ANYWHERE near the gene: before, within, or after ...
One, Two, Three: Polycomb Proteins Hit All Dimensions of
... components (DNA-binding proteins, transcription factors, scaffolding proteins, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), or even structural properties of chromatin fiber [50–52]. In Drosophila, PRCs are recruited at Polycomb Response Elements (PREs), which are cis-regulatory DNA sequences of up to a few hundred ba ...
... components (DNA-binding proteins, transcription factors, scaffolding proteins, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), or even structural properties of chromatin fiber [50–52]. In Drosophila, PRCs are recruited at Polycomb Response Elements (PREs), which are cis-regulatory DNA sequences of up to a few hundred ba ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... cell division. The B and D periods are defined as the generation time minus the C+D period and as the time between termination of DNA replication and division, respectively. As we will see in Chapter 2, there is no separate phase for DNA segregation (mitosis), which makes it possible that C-periods ...
... cell division. The B and D periods are defined as the generation time minus the C+D period and as the time between termination of DNA replication and division, respectively. As we will see in Chapter 2, there is no separate phase for DNA segregation (mitosis), which makes it possible that C-periods ...
Interaction with PI3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofApoptin S Maddika
... towards transformed and cancer cells. In cells resistant to apoptin-mediated cell death, the protein has a cytoplasmic localization, whereas in sensitive cells, apoptin is found in the nucleus (Danen-Van Oorschot et al., 2003). Apoptin was described to be specifically phosphorylated in transformed ce ...
... towards transformed and cancer cells. In cells resistant to apoptin-mediated cell death, the protein has a cytoplasmic localization, whereas in sensitive cells, apoptin is found in the nucleus (Danen-Van Oorschot et al., 2003). Apoptin was described to be specifically phosphorylated in transformed ce ...
Microbiology – Chapter 4, Bacteria
... Eukaryotes – “true nucleus”, and membrane bound organelles DNA is membrane bound, inside nucleus, nuclear membrane is a double membrane Chromosomes are usually multiple (paired), and have special histone protein associated with the DNA molecules Membrane bound “organelles”: packages where specialize ...
... Eukaryotes – “true nucleus”, and membrane bound organelles DNA is membrane bound, inside nucleus, nuclear membrane is a double membrane Chromosomes are usually multiple (paired), and have special histone protein associated with the DNA molecules Membrane bound “organelles”: packages where specialize ...
chapt 4
... Molecules entering the cell bind to receptor proteins first. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Molecules entering the cell bind to receptor proteins first. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in Saccharomyces
... reviews, see Wente and Rout 2010; Bauer et al. 2015). Importins function by associating with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) on the cargo protein to be imported, accompanying the NLS-containing cargo to the NPCs, and mediating translocation of the Kap/NLS-cargo complex through the nuclear pore. ...
... reviews, see Wente and Rout 2010; Bauer et al. 2015). Importins function by associating with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) on the cargo protein to be imported, accompanying the NLS-containing cargo to the NPCs, and mediating translocation of the Kap/NLS-cargo complex through the nuclear pore. ...
Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases
... cription in oncogenesis23–28. E2F family members are generally associated with either transcriptional activation (E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3A) or repression (E2F3B, E2F4, E2F5, E2F6, E2F7 and E2F8). However, recent findings revealed a more complex scenario in which activator E2F proteins can act as repress ...
... cription in oncogenesis23–28. E2F family members are generally associated with either transcriptional activation (E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3A) or repression (E2F3B, E2F4, E2F5, E2F6, E2F7 and E2F8). However, recent findings revealed a more complex scenario in which activator E2F proteins can act as repress ...
Evolutionary Convergence and Shared Computational Principles in
... 1984]. Only large EPSPs reaching threshold before significant activation of the LTC would produce spikes with short latencies, whereas small EPSPs that depolarize the membrane more slowly would allow time for LTC activation to shunt the synaptic current and prevent action potential generation and th ...
... 1984]. Only large EPSPs reaching threshold before significant activation of the LTC would produce spikes with short latencies, whereas small EPSPs that depolarize the membrane more slowly would allow time for LTC activation to shunt the synaptic current and prevent action potential generation and th ...
Pore-Forming Proteins and Adaptation of Living Organisms to
... Like spiders, scorpions are active predators with venom showing toxicity for both pro- and eukaryotes. Specifically, two toxins isolated from scorpion venom are papabutoporin and opistoporin 1. As shown by whole cell leak current measurement, in cardiac myocyte membranes these toxins form nonselecti ...
... Like spiders, scorpions are active predators with venom showing toxicity for both pro- and eukaryotes. Specifically, two toxins isolated from scorpion venom are papabutoporin and opistoporin 1. As shown by whole cell leak current measurement, in cardiac myocyte membranes these toxins form nonselecti ...
Disparate proteins use similar architectures to damage membranes
... diphtheria toxin and pore-forming colicins. Of these, only the last two form ion channels in membranes. Furthermore, elsewhere within the orthogonal bundle architecture group can be found the Bcl-X family (named for B-cell CLL/ lymphoma), plus the uteroglobins, amoebapores, granulysins and NK-lysins ...
... diphtheria toxin and pore-forming colicins. Of these, only the last two form ion channels in membranes. Furthermore, elsewhere within the orthogonal bundle architecture group can be found the Bcl-X family (named for B-cell CLL/ lymphoma), plus the uteroglobins, amoebapores, granulysins and NK-lysins ...
The effective nuclear delivery of doxorubicin from dextran
... important, especially in order to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of ...
... important, especially in order to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer agents such as doxorubicin (Dox), because their cytotoxic activity depends on its intercalation with DNA and subsequent inhibition of topoisomerase II to block DNA replication inside the nucleus [17]. Therefore, the development of ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.