MILITA ROY BEJOY NARAYAN MAHAVIDYALAYA
... egg. The internal enzymes ( such as Hyaleuronidase, Peroxidase) and hyalin are released which form the membrane. The membrane is a permanent structure and a permanent solution to the problem of polyspermy. ...
... egg. The internal enzymes ( such as Hyaleuronidase, Peroxidase) and hyalin are released which form the membrane. The membrane is a permanent structure and a permanent solution to the problem of polyspermy. ...
introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... assimilating two genomes into the same cell [22]. These traits in turn could be responsible for common age-related diseases, and perhaps for ageing itself [33]. In short: energy and genes have gone hand in hand throughout all biological evolution. We argue that it is impossible to understand genes w ...
... assimilating two genomes into the same cell [22]. These traits in turn could be responsible for common age-related diseases, and perhaps for ageing itself [33]. In short: energy and genes have gone hand in hand throughout all biological evolution. We argue that it is impossible to understand genes w ...
A Microbial Avenue to Cell Cycle Control in the Plant
... and 40 h after the shift to 33°C, allowed a quantitative “cell growth without division” criterion (Nurse et al., 1976), as well as assessment of morphological uniformity of arrest (Hartwell et al., 1970): two classic criteria used to specifically identify cell division cycle mutants. We eliminated fr ...
... and 40 h after the shift to 33°C, allowed a quantitative “cell growth without division” criterion (Nurse et al., 1976), as well as assessment of morphological uniformity of arrest (Hartwell et al., 1970): two classic criteria used to specifically identify cell division cycle mutants. We eliminated fr ...
Minimally invasive determination of mRNA
... present in the detection volume. A single FCS measurement provides the absolute concentration and the size of the diffusing fluorescent molecules in a non-invasive way. The submicron size of the FCS detection volume makes the method especially suited for single living cell studies. In principle, any d ...
... present in the detection volume. A single FCS measurement provides the absolute concentration and the size of the diffusing fluorescent molecules in a non-invasive way. The submicron size of the FCS detection volume makes the method especially suited for single living cell studies. In principle, any d ...
Energy, genes and evolution: introduction to an evolutionary synthesis
... assimilating two genomes into the same cell [22]. These traits in turn could be responsible for common age-related diseases, and perhaps for ageing itself [33]. In short: energy and genes have gone hand in hand throughout all biological evolution. We argue that it is impossible to understand genes w ...
... assimilating two genomes into the same cell [22]. These traits in turn could be responsible for common age-related diseases, and perhaps for ageing itself [33]. In short: energy and genes have gone hand in hand throughout all biological evolution. We argue that it is impossible to understand genes w ...
Calmodulin-binding protein disrupts mitosis
... Western blotting was performed according to standard techniques as ...
... Western blotting was performed according to standard techniques as ...
2 Biogenesis and the regulation of the maturation of miRNAs
... RNAs) and were implicated in Caenorhabditis elegans development [1]. In subsequent studies these small RNAs were shown to be common and abundant in plants and animals [2–4], but do not exist in the bacterial kingdom. They are now proven to be the key regulators of gene expression in virtually all bi ...
... RNAs) and were implicated in Caenorhabditis elegans development [1]. In subsequent studies these small RNAs were shown to be common and abundant in plants and animals [2–4], but do not exist in the bacterial kingdom. They are now proven to be the key regulators of gene expression in virtually all bi ...
The plant formin AtFH4 interacts with both actin and microtubules
... biology (for a review, see Hussey et al., 2006). In addition to supporting mitosis and subsequent cell division, actin filaments and microtubules also guide cell-wall synthesis, endomembrane trafficking and organelle motility. The organisation of the filaments of the eukaryote cytoskeleton requires ...
... biology (for a review, see Hussey et al., 2006). In addition to supporting mitosis and subsequent cell division, actin filaments and microtubules also guide cell-wall synthesis, endomembrane trafficking and organelle motility. The organisation of the filaments of the eukaryote cytoskeleton requires ...
NUCLEAR PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE CELL
... There is extensive experimental evidence that suggests a role for components of the non-histone chromosomal proteins in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression [1--10]. Many of the non-histone chromosomal proteins are phosphoproteins and modifications in their phosphate metabolism have been ass ...
... There is extensive experimental evidence that suggests a role for components of the non-histone chromosomal proteins in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression [1--10]. Many of the non-histone chromosomal proteins are phosphoproteins and modifications in their phosphate metabolism have been ass ...
Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain
... J. Clin. Invest. 116:743–752. doi:10.1172/JCI27125. 9. Sullivan, T., et al. 1999. Loss of A-type lamin expression compromises nuclear envelope integrity leading to muscular dystrophy. J. Cell Biol. 147:913–920. 10. Bergo, M.O., et al. 2002. Zmpste24 deficiency in ...
... J. Clin. Invest. 116:743–752. doi:10.1172/JCI27125. 9. Sullivan, T., et al. 1999. Loss of A-type lamin expression compromises nuclear envelope integrity leading to muscular dystrophy. J. Cell Biol. 147:913–920. 10. Bergo, M.O., et al. 2002. Zmpste24 deficiency in ...
Cellular transcription factors that interact with p6 promoter elements
... regulate p6 promoter activity. The factor Sp1 has been reported to be involved in regulating promoter activity and the factor YY1 has been shown to bind to three different sites in the upstream region of the p6 promoter, resulting in positive regulation (Blundell & Astell, 1989 ; Momoeda et al., 199 ...
... regulate p6 promoter activity. The factor Sp1 has been reported to be involved in regulating promoter activity and the factor YY1 has been shown to bind to three different sites in the upstream region of the p6 promoter, resulting in positive regulation (Blundell & Astell, 1989 ; Momoeda et al., 199 ...
2-Cell and Molecular Biology (Plasma Membrane)
... bilayer with only their hydrophillic ends exposed to the external aqueous solution and their hydrophobic regions embedded inside the membrane – ...
... bilayer with only their hydrophillic ends exposed to the external aqueous solution and their hydrophobic regions embedded inside the membrane – ...
Genome-wide Screen for Inner Nuclear Membrane
... nuclear pore complexes (NPC), the nucleus contains other subnuclear structures including the nucleolus, cajal bodies, speckles, gems, and the nuclear matrix (Review: LAMOND and SLEEMAN 2003). Because membranes do not separate the various subnuclear compartments from one another, their structure, bio ...
... nuclear pore complexes (NPC), the nucleus contains other subnuclear structures including the nucleolus, cajal bodies, speckles, gems, and the nuclear matrix (Review: LAMOND and SLEEMAN 2003). Because membranes do not separate the various subnuclear compartments from one another, their structure, bio ...
RNA polymerase II transcription is concentrated outside replication
... (reviewed by van Driel et al., 1991; Spector, 1993). The dynamics of nuclear compartmentalization, and the functional and spatial relationship between different nuclear domains, particularly those involved in replication, transcription and nuclear RNA metabolism, are largely unknown (see e.g. Rosbas ...
... (reviewed by van Driel et al., 1991; Spector, 1993). The dynamics of nuclear compartmentalization, and the functional and spatial relationship between different nuclear domains, particularly those involved in replication, transcription and nuclear RNA metabolism, are largely unknown (see e.g. Rosbas ...
Imaging ER-to-Golgi transport: towards a
... machinery back to the ER (Fig. 1). Alternative transport models suggest that COPII vesicles first deliver their cargo in a microtubule-independent manner to a more stable ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Secretory cargo is then thought to move from the ERGIC towards the Golgi complex in ...
... machinery back to the ER (Fig. 1). Alternative transport models suggest that COPII vesicles first deliver their cargo in a microtubule-independent manner to a more stable ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Secretory cargo is then thought to move from the ERGIC towards the Golgi complex in ...
Life in acid: pH homeostasis in acidophiles
... acids are impaired by protonation, and interference caused by free intracellular protons can impair processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis and enzyme activities [10]. pH homeostasis in acidophiles is a poorly understood mechanism central to the growth and survival of an ecologically ...
... acids are impaired by protonation, and interference caused by free intracellular protons can impair processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis and enzyme activities [10]. pH homeostasis in acidophiles is a poorly understood mechanism central to the growth and survival of an ecologically ...
Chromatin meets the cell cycle
... into functional outcomes (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001). The most common histone modifications involved in the regulation of chromatin condensation are methylation and acetylation of lysine residues. In plants, SET-domain proteins are responsible for the methylation of histones, whereas histone demethyl ...
... into functional outcomes (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001). The most common histone modifications involved in the regulation of chromatin condensation are methylation and acetylation of lysine residues. In plants, SET-domain proteins are responsible for the methylation of histones, whereas histone demethyl ...
Aldose reductase mRNA is an epithelial cell
... normal and cataractous rat lens by in situ hybridization is expected to yield information on its preferential distribution and level of its expression in those cells. This enzyme has been shown to belong to the same protein superfamily as aldehyde reductase, prostaglandin F synthase, and p-crystalli ...
... normal and cataractous rat lens by in situ hybridization is expected to yield information on its preferential distribution and level of its expression in those cells. This enzyme has been shown to belong to the same protein superfamily as aldehyde reductase, prostaglandin F synthase, and p-crystalli ...
the acoustic complex and its relations in the brain of the
... 50 microns and stained by the Weigert-Pal method. Two additional transverse series which were prepared by Dr. McCotter and Dr. Kollig, later became available for comparison. In preparing the reconstructions the Born wax-plate technique has been followed with slight modification. The drawings were ma ...
... 50 microns and stained by the Weigert-Pal method. Two additional transverse series which were prepared by Dr. McCotter and Dr. Kollig, later became available for comparison. In preparing the reconstructions the Born wax-plate technique has been followed with slight modification. The drawings were ma ...
Document
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.