Document
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
the acoustic complex and its relations in the brain of the
... 50 microns and stained by the Weigert-Pal method. Two additional transverse series which were prepared by Dr. McCotter and Dr. Kollig, later became available for comparison. In preparing the reconstructions the Born wax-plate technique has been followed with slight modification. The drawings were ma ...
... 50 microns and stained by the Weigert-Pal method. Two additional transverse series which were prepared by Dr. McCotter and Dr. Kollig, later became available for comparison. In preparing the reconstructions the Born wax-plate technique has been followed with slight modification. The drawings were ma ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
... • This information is copied onto a length of messenger RNA (mRNA) that departs the cell nucleus through its nuclear pores and goes to the sites of protein synthesis, structures called ribosomes, which lie in the cytoplasm. ...
... • This information is copied onto a length of messenger RNA (mRNA) that departs the cell nucleus through its nuclear pores and goes to the sites of protein synthesis, structures called ribosomes, which lie in the cytoplasm. ...
Heterogeneous chromatin mobility derived from chromatin
... II has been reported to be poised during stationary phase (43). Our analysis demonstrates that a large fraction of the main RNA Pol II complex is poised, both in exponential phase at favourable temperatures (25°C), and during heat stress (37°C), and that the location of the poised polymerase chan ...
... II has been reported to be poised during stationary phase (43). Our analysis demonstrates that a large fraction of the main RNA Pol II complex is poised, both in exponential phase at favourable temperatures (25°C), and during heat stress (37°C), and that the location of the poised polymerase chan ...
Cell shape determination in Escherichia coli
... pattern partially overlapped with MreC but not with MreB. The authors reported (Figure 7B in reference [30]) the PBP2 organization was lost in MreB-depleted cells, but the present authors believe that these images show clear evidence of a helical pattern. In the studies of Kruse et al. [24] in E. c ...
... pattern partially overlapped with MreC but not with MreB. The authors reported (Figure 7B in reference [30]) the PBP2 organization was lost in MreB-depleted cells, but the present authors believe that these images show clear evidence of a helical pattern. In the studies of Kruse et al. [24] in E. c ...
Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation
... and proteins possibly involved in programmed DNA degradation have been described.8,12,30 However, none of these reports provide answers about the implicated pathways except in the case of death in Trypanosoma brucei, which was shown to be Ca2+-dependent when induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ...
... and proteins possibly involved in programmed DNA degradation have been described.8,12,30 However, none of these reports provide answers about the implicated pathways except in the case of death in Trypanosoma brucei, which was shown to be Ca2+-dependent when induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ...
4-1
... molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... molecule being transported through the membrane, but operate like gates. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Contents - Hodder Education
... Every living organism is made up of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of life. Nothing smaller than a cell can lead an independent life and show all the characteristics of a living thing. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show examples of plant cells viewed under the microscope. Some of a plant cell’s ...
... Every living organism is made up of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of life. Nothing smaller than a cell can lead an independent life and show all the characteristics of a living thing. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show examples of plant cells viewed under the microscope. Some of a plant cell’s ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... • The nucleus is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope – It contains chromatin – It contains a nucleolus ...
... • The nucleus is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope – It contains chromatin – It contains a nucleolus ...
Severe osmotic compression triggers a slowdown of
... association rates of several proteins inside the cell. Molecular crowding has received little attention in living cells, although it is usually invoked to explain why biochemical reactions rates may vary in vivo and in vitro (26–29). For instance, the diffusion coefficient of the green fluorescent pro ...
... association rates of several proteins inside the cell. Molecular crowding has received little attention in living cells, although it is usually invoked to explain why biochemical reactions rates may vary in vivo and in vitro (26–29). For instance, the diffusion coefficient of the green fluorescent pro ...
Structure and assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear
... only short conserved sequences at the 5′ and 3′ splice sites and at the branch point (followed by the polypyrimidine tract in metazoan introns) and thus require trans-acting factors in order to splice [1–4]. The U1 and U2 snRNPs bind to the 5′ splice site and the branch point of the pre-mRNA, respec ...
... only short conserved sequences at the 5′ and 3′ splice sites and at the branch point (followed by the polypyrimidine tract in metazoan introns) and thus require trans-acting factors in order to splice [1–4]. The U1 and U2 snRNPs bind to the 5′ splice site and the branch point of the pre-mRNA, respec ...
Cell Structure Jepordy
... • If you get it wrong the fastest had up will get to answer the question. To take the point. • You have 5 seconds to answer the question. ...
... • If you get it wrong the fastest had up will get to answer the question. To take the point. • You have 5 seconds to answer the question. ...
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and
... vepy small cells in series with chains of normal bacilli, but clearly demarcated by cross-walls. Such cells and their cross-walls were often seen in tannic acid violet preparations, especially those of bacilli grown on blood agar. The electron micrographs (Pl. 3, figs, 17, 1 8 ) show such appearance ...
... vepy small cells in series with chains of normal bacilli, but clearly demarcated by cross-walls. Such cells and their cross-walls were often seen in tannic acid violet preparations, especially those of bacilli grown on blood agar. The electron micrographs (Pl. 3, figs, 17, 1 8 ) show such appearance ...
Non-coding RNAs - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... GTP-bound form of Ran GTPase. These factors dissociate from the pre-snRNA in the cytoplasm after binding by the survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex and dephosphorylation of PHAX. The SMN complex recognizes specific sequence elements in the snRNAs (the Sm-protein-binding site and the 3′ stem–loop) ...
... GTP-bound form of Ran GTPase. These factors dissociate from the pre-snRNA in the cytoplasm after binding by the survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex and dephosphorylation of PHAX. The SMN complex recognizes specific sequence elements in the snRNAs (the Sm-protein-binding site and the 3′ stem–loop) ...
Chapter 18
... – Every single cell has the same DNA – Differential gene expression determines whether a cell becomes a muscle cell or a nerve cell or a skin cell • RNA molecules play many roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummi ...
... – Every single cell has the same DNA – Differential gene expression determines whether a cell becomes a muscle cell or a nerve cell or a skin cell • RNA molecules play many roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummi ...
Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus
... are involved in HCMV IE gene transcription, but it is unknown what transcriptional events they might facilitate. In HSV-infected cells, it has been reported that nuclear speckles are involved in export of viral RNA transcripts (Chang et al., 2011). Thus, nuclear speckles may serve in the processing ...
... are involved in HCMV IE gene transcription, but it is unknown what transcriptional events they might facilitate. In HSV-infected cells, it has been reported that nuclear speckles are involved in export of viral RNA transcripts (Chang et al., 2011). Thus, nuclear speckles may serve in the processing ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... message, and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that this binding activity requires at least one other protein present in C. crescentus cell extracts [40••]. In addition to extending the half-life, flbT mutants also continue to express fljK in stalked cells [39]. Thus, FlbT can be considered as ...
... message, and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that this binding activity requires at least one other protein present in C. crescentus cell extracts [40••]. In addition to extending the half-life, flbT mutants also continue to express fljK in stalked cells [39]. Thus, FlbT can be considered as ...
Arabidopsis mutants in sphingolipid synthesis as tools to
... contiguous plant cells, originating interconnected symplastic domains. Communication arise through these intercellular pores that allow the exchange of small molecules, such as ions, sugars, phytohormones and macromolecules -RNA, transcription factors, even virus (Kim and Zambryski, 2005) and effect ...
... contiguous plant cells, originating interconnected symplastic domains. Communication arise through these intercellular pores that allow the exchange of small molecules, such as ions, sugars, phytohormones and macromolecules -RNA, transcription factors, even virus (Kim and Zambryski, 2005) and effect ...
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression: a genome
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.