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Ch 6: Cells
Ch 6: Cells

... Evidence: Chloroplasts and mitochondria each have their own separate DNA and can reproduce on their own, and are similar to prokaryotic cells ...
Chapter 07
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... active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic metabolic processes. The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is important to the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. Muscle cells use the smooth ER membrane to pump calcium ions into the cisternal space ...
Cell Membranes: Chapt. 6
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... Cell Membrane Every cell is encircled by a membrane and most cells contain an extensive intracellular membrane system. Membranes fence off the cell's interior from its surroundings. Membranes let in water, certain ions and substrates and they excrete waste substances. They act to protect the cell. ...
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THE CELL - Kevan Kruger

... Smooth ER: contains no attached ribosomes. sER make lipids and steroids. SER also detoxifies harmful material or waste products (there is lots of smooth ER in liver cells). Rough ER: A series of tubular canals connected in places with the nuclear membrane. There are ribosomes attached to the membran ...
Cell Structure and Function
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... Plasma Membrane - All living cells have a plasma membrane that encloses their contents. In prokaryotes, the membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane to contain and protect their contents. These membranes also regulate ...
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... 11. ________________________ has polar and non-polar parts and makes up the majority of the cell membrane. 12. The material that gets dissolved in a solution is called the ________________. 13. _________________ is the material that does the dissolving in a solution. 14. Identification (ID) tags tha ...
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Passive Vs. Active Transport

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Transport in dendrites can also occur. The mechanisms are similar
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... 1. PROKARYOTE: a cell without a true nucleus ex. bacteria 2. EUKARYOTE: a cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 3. ORGANELLES: specialized structures within a cell that carry out specific functions (mini-organs) 4. EXTRACELLULAR: outside the cell Ex. extracellular fluid – liquid out ...
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... TISSUE: similar cells acting to perform a specific function; four basic types of tissue are muscle, connective, nerve, and epidermal. SYSTEM: a set of objects, organisms, or different parts acting to form a whole. ORGANELL: a specialized part of a cell having some specific function. CELL MEMBRANE: t ...
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... a. Prokaryotic cells are the world's smallest cells and probably were the first cells on Earth. b. Eukaryotic cells have many membrane-covered organelles, allowing many different chemical processes to occur at the same time. c. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are made up of eukaryotic cells ...
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... The FATTY ACID chains in phospholipids and glycolipids usually contain an even number of carbon atoms, typically between 14 and 24. The 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids are the most common. In animal cells, cholesterol is found dispersed in varying degrees throughout cell membranes, where it confers a ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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