Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
... Acidocalcisomes are acidic electron-dense organelles, rich in polyphosphate (poly P) complexed with calcium and other cations. While its matrix contains enzymes related to poly P metabolism, the membrane of the acidocalcisomes has a number of pumps (Ca2þ-ATPase, V-Hþ-ATPase, Hþ-PPase), exchangers (N ...
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... remarkable features of this cell type. As new materials are added to the plasma membrane and the cell wall, work must be done to expand the cell surface. Logic demands that the power for this process must come from turgor because this is the only known source of mechanical stress within the wall tha ...
... remarkable features of this cell type. As new materials are added to the plasma membrane and the cell wall, work must be done to expand the cell surface. Logic demands that the power for this process must come from turgor because this is the only known source of mechanical stress within the wall tha ...
cell-cycle progression and the generation of asymmetry in
... found for pilus biogenesis: transcription of the genes that encode components of the pilus temporally mirrors their order of assembly3,16. An alternative global analysis of cell-cycle expression came from a large-scale study of protein synthesis rates using two-dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoresis a ...
... found for pilus biogenesis: transcription of the genes that encode components of the pilus temporally mirrors their order of assembly3,16. An alternative global analysis of cell-cycle expression came from a large-scale study of protein synthesis rates using two-dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoresis a ...
Food Labels
... 4. Nucleic Acids (DNA) These are very big macromolecules Try drawing one monomer careful! - it has 3 parts! The monomers of nucleic acids are called nucleotides ...
... 4. Nucleic Acids (DNA) These are very big macromolecules Try drawing one monomer careful! - it has 3 parts! The monomers of nucleic acids are called nucleotides ...
Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... Cell division is a process fundamental to all life, and dysregulation of the process is common in diseases like cancer. Since it underlies so many biological phenomena, cell division is highly coordinated with other cellular processes. For instance, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cel ...
... Cell division is a process fundamental to all life, and dysregulation of the process is common in diseases like cancer. Since it underlies so many biological phenomena, cell division is highly coordinated with other cellular processes. For instance, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cel ...
Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
... 3D, 3G, Movie SM7B). Likewise, addition of PC190723, an inhibitor of FtsZ GTP hydrolysis (25) halted FtsZ movement (Fig. 3E, Movie SM8A). Conversely, expression of MciZ, a protein that increases the rate of FtsZ filament turnover (26), increased FtsZ velocity (Fig. 3F, 3H, Movie S7C). We next tested ...
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AND RELATED LIPIDS
... 2. Phosphatidylcholine – Biosynthesis and Biological Function There are three mechanisms for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. Choline itself is not synthesised as such by animal cells and is an essential nutrient. It must be obtained from dietary sources or by degradation of existing choline ...
... 2. Phosphatidylcholine – Biosynthesis and Biological Function There are three mechanisms for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. Choline itself is not synthesised as such by animal cells and is an essential nutrient. It must be obtained from dietary sources or by degradation of existing choline ...
Folding quality control in the export of proteins by the
... Class II leader peptides were pathway agnostic • The state of the protein (folding) determined which pathway was used ...
... Class II leader peptides were pathway agnostic • The state of the protein (folding) determined which pathway was used ...
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of
... Nitric oxide can directly inhibit iron-containing proteins (Neill et al., 2002), but its toxicity stems mainly from its ability to react with the superoxide radical to form peroxynitrite. This compound can induce lipid peroxidation, nitration of Tyr residues of proteins, oxidation of thiols, and nit ...
... Nitric oxide can directly inhibit iron-containing proteins (Neill et al., 2002), but its toxicity stems mainly from its ability to react with the superoxide radical to form peroxynitrite. This compound can induce lipid peroxidation, nitration of Tyr residues of proteins, oxidation of thiols, and nit ...
ANSWER
... • ANSWER: This gives the cell structure and protects it from damage. Animals do NOT have this organelle. • QUESTION: What is the cell wall? ...
... • ANSWER: This gives the cell structure and protects it from damage. Animals do NOT have this organelle. • QUESTION: What is the cell wall? ...
Functions of AP1 (Fos/Jun) in bone development
... complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturation in vitro5 with all Fos and Jun proteins initially being highly expressed. Subsequently, during the period of extracellular matrix production and mineralisation, their levels decline, and Fra-2 and JunD become the major components of t ...
... complex are differentially expressed during osteoblast maturation in vitro5 with all Fos and Jun proteins initially being highly expressed. Subsequently, during the period of extracellular matrix production and mineralisation, their levels decline, and Fra-2 and JunD become the major components of t ...
Fuel Cell book.indd
... 2. Have the students view some animations of how a fuel cell works. (see page 37 or use links on page 31) 3. Distribute the PEM Fuel Cell: Team Diagram (post-test) to each team and ask them to complete it as a team and place the completed sheet in their design log. 4. Supply each team with a PEM ...
... 2. Have the students view some animations of how a fuel cell works. (see page 37 or use links on page 31) 3. Distribute the PEM Fuel Cell: Team Diagram (post-test) to each team and ask them to complete it as a team and place the completed sheet in their design log. 4. Supply each team with a PEM ...
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... the motor protein myosin II to bend the epithelium (figure 1). Apical actomyosin enrichment and contractility have become defining characteristics of apical constriction [13–16]. Regulation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is complex, but among the numerous regulators, the recruitment of this contract ...
... the motor protein myosin II to bend the epithelium (figure 1). Apical actomyosin enrichment and contractility have become defining characteristics of apical constriction [13–16]. Regulation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is complex, but among the numerous regulators, the recruitment of this contract ...
Sarcomere assembly in C. elegans muscle
... We have also included one "counter current" dashed arrow in each of the pathways. These arrows indicate more subtle requirements for proper attachment assembly than gross recruitment, as we describe in more detail below. The first protein to consider is UNC-52/perlecan, which is found in the basemen ...
... We have also included one "counter current" dashed arrow in each of the pathways. These arrows indicate more subtle requirements for proper attachment assembly than gross recruitment, as we describe in more detail below. The first protein to consider is UNC-52/perlecan, which is found in the basemen ...
Epithelial repair is a two-stage process driven first by dying cells and
... undergoing mitosis and apoptosis. Biological and biophysical mechanisms have evolved to remove dying cells while maintaining that barrier. Cell extrusion is thought to be driven by a multicellular filamentous actin ring formed by neighbouring cells, the contraction of which provides the mechanical f ...
... undergoing mitosis and apoptosis. Biological and biophysical mechanisms have evolved to remove dying cells while maintaining that barrier. Cell extrusion is thought to be driven by a multicellular filamentous actin ring formed by neighbouring cells, the contraction of which provides the mechanical f ...
Regulation of Photochemical Energy Transfer Accompanied
... light-induced state-2 chloroplasts. Also in heat-induced state 2 in wheat, it is possible that a relationship exists between the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and unstacking of thylakoid membranes. 2.3. Dephosphorylation of Thylakoid Proteins Was Retarded during Recovery from Heat Stress The ...
... light-induced state-2 chloroplasts. Also in heat-induced state 2 in wheat, it is possible that a relationship exists between the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and unstacking of thylakoid membranes. 2.3. Dephosphorylation of Thylakoid Proteins Was Retarded during Recovery from Heat Stress The ...
Electrospun aniline-tetramer-co-polycaprolactone fibers for
... with phytic acid was confirmed by UV–VIS absorbance spectrometry (Fig. 1). The insulating EB state has a characteristic absorption maximum at ∼600 nm, attributed to the excitonic transition πB–πQ of benzenoid (B) to quinoid (Q). Upon the addition of phytic acid AT–PCL was doped to the ES state, resul ...
... with phytic acid was confirmed by UV–VIS absorbance spectrometry (Fig. 1). The insulating EB state has a characteristic absorption maximum at ∼600 nm, attributed to the excitonic transition πB–πQ of benzenoid (B) to quinoid (Q). Upon the addition of phytic acid AT–PCL was doped to the ES state, resul ...
Potassium regulation
... the potassium concentration inside the cell higher (the cell actually will shrink) the thing that will drive potassium outside the cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the nor ...
... the potassium concentration inside the cell higher (the cell actually will shrink) the thing that will drive potassium outside the cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the nor ...
Cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids: role of membrane
... observation that oleate bound specifically to liver plasma membranes, Stremmel et al. succeeded in isolating a membrane FABP using affinity chromatography [26, 37]. The protein was a single polypeptide of approximately 43 kDa, with no attached carbohydrate, and an isoelectric point of the order of 9 ...
... observation that oleate bound specifically to liver plasma membranes, Stremmel et al. succeeded in isolating a membrane FABP using affinity chromatography [26, 37]. The protein was a single polypeptide of approximately 43 kDa, with no attached carbohydrate, and an isoelectric point of the order of 9 ...
GFP-tagging of cell components reveals the dynamics of subcellular
... transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged cell components. These included plants containing GFP-TUA6 for visualizing microtubules, GFP-hTalin for actin microfilaments, GFP-tm-KKXX for endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and STtmd-GFP for the Golgi apparatus. In all inte ...
... transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged cell components. These included plants containing GFP-TUA6 for visualizing microtubules, GFP-hTalin for actin microfilaments, GFP-tm-KKXX for endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and STtmd-GFP for the Golgi apparatus. In all inte ...