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Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell
Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell

... regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell • Components of the endomembrane system: – Nuclear envelope – Endoplasmic reticulum – Golgi apparatus – Lysosomes – Vacuoles – Plasma membrane ...
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... One side is receiving dock for transport vesicles Other side is shipping dock giving off vesicles. “maturation model” entire sacs mature as they move from the receiving end to the shipping end, carrying and modifying their cargo as they go. • Exiting vesicles move to the cell membrane for export for ...
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... Remember:  “SALT  SUCKS”   o Salt  is  a  solute.    When  it  is  concentrated   inside  or  outside  the  cell,  it  will  draw   water  ______________  itself.     o Why  do  you  get  thirsty  after  eating   something  salty?   ...
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... 1. Carbohydrates—supply energy for cell processes 2. Lipids—store and release large amounts of energy 3. Proteins—are the building blocks of many structures a. Amino acids—smaller molecules that make up proteins b. Enzymes—proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells 4. Nucleic acid ...
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... Flagella proteins are H antigens (e.g., E. coli O157:H7) ...
COMPARISON OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
COMPARISON OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

... breaks down sugar ( __________ ) molecules and combines  glucose with ___________ to release energy ( ______ ) and carbon  oxygen cellular  dioxide.  This process, known as _____________  respiration _________________ is what animal and plant cells use to  power their cellular functions.  Suspended  ...
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chapter 3 reading outline

... 9. Proteins move from the ER to the ________________________________________________ . 10. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is _______________________________________________ . 11. SER contains enzymes that ____________________________________________________ . 12. Vesicles are _________________________ ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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