A brief history of ATP
... understand ATP synthase, we have to know what it looks like — down to the last atom. To take a molecular snapshot, he would have to purify large quantities of the enzyme, make a crystal, and then interrogate its structure with X-rays. When he confided with colleagues about his plans, a few thought t ...
... understand ATP synthase, we have to know what it looks like — down to the last atom. To take a molecular snapshot, he would have to purify large quantities of the enzyme, make a crystal, and then interrogate its structure with X-rays. When he confided with colleagues about his plans, a few thought t ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... Regulation of the EB-to-RB transition. Chlamydiae is intracellularly located within the expanding endocytosed vacuole termed the “inclusion”, a membrane-bound compartment that separates the bacteria from the host cell cytoplasm (Moulder 1991). After invasion, chlamydiae stimulate the transport of th ...
... Regulation of the EB-to-RB transition. Chlamydiae is intracellularly located within the expanding endocytosed vacuole termed the “inclusion”, a membrane-bound compartment that separates the bacteria from the host cell cytoplasm (Moulder 1991). After invasion, chlamydiae stimulate the transport of th ...
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... In zebrafish, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons are primary sensory neurons present during the embryonic and early larval stages. At 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), wild-type zebrafish embryos respond to mechanosensory stimulation and swim away from the stimuli, whereas mi310 mutants are insensitive to touc ...
... In zebrafish, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons are primary sensory neurons present during the embryonic and early larval stages. At 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), wild-type zebrafish embryos respond to mechanosensory stimulation and swim away from the stimuli, whereas mi310 mutants are insensitive to touc ...
Anti-OPN Monoclonal Antibodies as Probes of OPN Structure and
... Blotting or ELISAs (because the relevant epitope was bound to the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodif ...
... Blotting or ELISAs (because the relevant epitope was bound to the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodif ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... in Arabidopsis leaves (Kim et al., 1998), and overexpression of AtGRF1 ⁄ 2 increases leaf size by generally increasing cell size (Kim et al., 2003). BIGPETAL, a putative transcription factor in Arabidopsis, keeps petal size in check by limiting cell expansion (Szécsi et al., 2006). The Arabidopsis ...
... in Arabidopsis leaves (Kim et al., 1998), and overexpression of AtGRF1 ⁄ 2 increases leaf size by generally increasing cell size (Kim et al., 2003). BIGPETAL, a putative transcription factor in Arabidopsis, keeps petal size in check by limiting cell expansion (Szécsi et al., 2006). The Arabidopsis ...
Translocation of proteins across archaeal cytoplasmic membranes
... life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein translocation The process of protein translocation into or across hydrophobic membranes is essential to all l ...
... life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein translocation The process of protein translocation into or across hydrophobic membranes is essential to all l ...
D:Int Agrophysics -2Cybulskacybulska.vp - Research
... which constitute more than 90% of their dry mass. Polysaccharides of cell walls are cellulose (15-30% d.m.), pectin (about 30% d.m.) and hemicelluloses (about 25% d.m.) (Taiz and Zeiger, 2002). Spatial structure of bacterial cellulose microfibrils which is produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus is co ...
... which constitute more than 90% of their dry mass. Polysaccharides of cell walls are cellulose (15-30% d.m.), pectin (about 30% d.m.) and hemicelluloses (about 25% d.m.) (Taiz and Zeiger, 2002). Spatial structure of bacterial cellulose microfibrils which is produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus is co ...
Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Yeast Actin Mutants.
... Wild-type strains deposit a ring of chitin in the cell wall at the base of the neck in budding cells (Hayashibe and Katohda, 1973; Cabib and Bowers, 1975). The chitin ring can be selectively stained with the fluorescent dye Calcafluor. The chitin ring remains on the mother cell as a bud scar after c ...
... Wild-type strains deposit a ring of chitin in the cell wall at the base of the neck in budding cells (Hayashibe and Katohda, 1973; Cabib and Bowers, 1975). The chitin ring can be selectively stained with the fluorescent dye Calcafluor. The chitin ring remains on the mother cell as a bud scar after c ...
Cell shape changes indicate a role for extrinsic tensile forces in
... were followed over 2-min windows12. We quantified how fast each of these domains changed dimensions along the AP and the DV axes of the embryo (‘total’ strain rates). Next we quantified the average rates of shape change for cells belonging to each domain (‘cell shape’ strain rates). Finally, the str ...
... were followed over 2-min windows12. We quantified how fast each of these domains changed dimensions along the AP and the DV axes of the embryo (‘total’ strain rates). Next we quantified the average rates of shape change for cells belonging to each domain (‘cell shape’ strain rates). Finally, the str ...
Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape
... (Figure 1C). The occurrence of a similar distorted trichome phenotype in both mutants strongly suggested that WRM and DIS1 act in a similar pathway or may act in concert. Indeed, from other organisms, the ARP2 and ARP3 proteins encoded by WRM and DIS1 are known to function as a complex, called the A ...
... (Figure 1C). The occurrence of a similar distorted trichome phenotype in both mutants strongly suggested that WRM and DIS1 act in a similar pathway or may act in concert. Indeed, from other organisms, the ARP2 and ARP3 proteins encoded by WRM and DIS1 are known to function as a complex, called the A ...
Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type
... Fig. 4-6 Fig. 4 a–c Flax fibers pulse-stained with Calcofluor White and observed with UV microscopy at time 0 h (a, control) and 24 h after pulse treatment (b, c). Note the even staining in the cell wall of the control (a, arrow) and the patchy appearance of fluorescence after 24 h in the middle par ...
... Fig. 4-6 Fig. 4 a–c Flax fibers pulse-stained with Calcofluor White and observed with UV microscopy at time 0 h (a, control) and 24 h after pulse treatment (b, c). Note the even staining in the cell wall of the control (a, arrow) and the patchy appearance of fluorescence after 24 h in the middle par ...
Gain and Loss of Photosynthetic Membranes during
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
New TURF for TIRF - Stowers Institute for Medical Research
... fold brighter than CFP. CFP emission also bleeds into the YFP channel (i.e. there will always be some “FRET” signal). ...
... fold brighter than CFP. CFP emission also bleeds into the YFP channel (i.e. there will always be some “FRET” signal). ...
Chlorophyll Breakdown Branches Out: Identification
... products termed FCCs (fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites). The cell finally commits these FCCs to the deep, which for plants does not mean burial at sea, but rather means interment in the vacuole. There, FCCs undergo non-enzymatic isomerization to NCCs (nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites). In a ...
... products termed FCCs (fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites). The cell finally commits these FCCs to the deep, which for plants does not mean burial at sea, but rather means interment in the vacuole. There, FCCs undergo non-enzymatic isomerization to NCCs (nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites). In a ...
Measuring forces and stresses in situ in living tissues
... Fig. 1. Contact manipulation. (A) Pushing: microplates. (Aa) A force applied on a cell or aggregate sample compresses it with a known applied pressure (P). Image analysis determines the sample profile shape, which is characterized by the local mean curvature of the sample interface (H ) (modified fr ...
... Fig. 1. Contact manipulation. (A) Pushing: microplates. (Aa) A force applied on a cell or aggregate sample compresses it with a known applied pressure (P). Image analysis determines the sample profile shape, which is characterized by the local mean curvature of the sample interface (H ) (modified fr ...
Cardiac optogenetics - Biomedical Engineering
... et al. in 2003 (98), is the prototypical and currently most widely used optogenetic tool. Like BR, it belongs to class I microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts c ...
... et al. in 2003 (98), is the prototypical and currently most widely used optogenetic tool. Like BR, it belongs to class I microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts c ...
Heading forwards: anterior visceral endoderm migration in
... Basal projections driven by Rho-GTPases and the WAVE complex activity are sent out in the direction of migration forming new cell–cell contact sites (blue gradients). Progressively, apical junctional complexes are turned over and remodelled at the leading edge and back of the cell as the cortical ac ...
... Basal projections driven by Rho-GTPases and the WAVE complex activity are sent out in the direction of migration forming new cell–cell contact sites (blue gradients). Progressively, apical junctional complexes are turned over and remodelled at the leading edge and back of the cell as the cortical ac ...
Inhibition of Golgi function causes plastid starch accumulation
... were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of incubation in BFA (Fig. 1D). Small isodiametric cells tended to show larger starch granules (Fig. 1E, F) than larger elongated cells (Fig. ...
... were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of incubation in BFA (Fig. 1D). Small isodiametric cells tended to show larger starch granules (Fig. 1E, F) than larger elongated cells (Fig. ...