• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Molecular Identification and Physiological Characterization of a
Molecular Identification and Physiological Characterization of a

... transporter isoforms (Lalonde et al., 2004), and all of these plasma membrane–located carriers together with other homologous proteins from animals, fungi, and bacteria constitute a large protein family (Henderson, 1991; Saier, 2000). In addition to transport across the plasma membrane, carriermedia ...
High-Performance Exosome Purification
High-Performance Exosome Purification

... The size distribution results (Figure 3) of the exosome sample preparation indicate that density gradient is an impor tant step in isolating exosomes. When ultracentrifugation and pelleting are used alone, without a density gradient, larger species and cellular debris are removed from the exosome sa ...
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo

... When cells divide, chromosome segregation is followed by cleavage of the cytoplasm. The microtubule spindle apparatus instructs the cytokinetic furrow to form perpendicular to, and usually midway through, the central spindle. By positioning the spindle with respect to the polarity axis of the cell o ...
Document
Document

... ii. secretion is taking substances from the blood and secreting it into the nephron III. Solute movements between nephrons and capillaries [S3] a. 120 – 130 mL/min is being filtered i. the filtered substance is an ultrafiltrate (meaning protein free) b. most of this fluid is reabsorbed (actively tra ...
Document
Document

... • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+cdc2 = MPF (Maller, Newport, Beach) ...
Limbal stem cell deficiency and its management
Limbal stem cell deficiency and its management

... Firstly, the corneal epithelium is renewed by stem cells located at the limbus, the socalled limbal stem cells. Secondly, the limbus also acts as a barrier preventing the conjunctival epithelium and its blood vessels from encroaching on to the corneal surface. When the limbal stem cells become defic ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem

... the cell membrane, or by the active transport of the dissociated, anionic form (IAA− ) by a permease 2H+ -IAA co-transporter, as for example AUX1, which appears to be distributed uniformly in the cell membranes of Arabidopsis root cells (Bennett et al., 1996). Once within a cell, IAA is transported ...
3. EMBRYONIC CEPHALOCAUDAL AND LATERAL FLEXION
3. EMBRYONIC CEPHALOCAUDAL AND LATERAL FLEXION

... pericardial cavities are separated by the growth of the pleuropericardial folds. These are flaps of body wall which extend in the coronal plane, meet at the midline and fuse with the foregut mesenchyme. This divides the space into a pericardial and two pleural cavities. The pleural cavity still comm ...
PDF
PDF

... their appearance, their association with other organelles, and their enzyme composition. These changes depend on the developmental program and metabolic needs of the cell. For example, when oilstoring seeds such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) germinate, peroxiso ...
Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus
Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus

... localized in vacuoles (Takahama and Oniki, 2000). Some phenylpropanoids serve as substances to be polymerized and incorporated into the cell wall (lignin, suberin) by the peroxidases and some other enzymes (Sedlàřovà and Lebeda, 2001). Also, phenolics protect mesophyll cells from UV radiation (Luque ...
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid

Mechanisms of plant spindle formation
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation

... prophase. The majority of microtubules at prophase lie within the PPB itself, although there are a small number of bridging microtubules (dotted lines) that connect the PPB to the nucleus. The surface of the nucleus also organizes microtubules by a ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... and modulated by environmental factors like nutrients or light. How these hormonal and environmental signals are integrated into plant developmental processes is not yet fully understood. The primary root with its three distinct zones (meristematic zone, elongation zone and maturation zone), each re ...
5 Aquaporin Alleviates Effects of Low Root
5 Aquaporin Alleviates Effects of Low Root

... The effects of low root temperature on growth and root cell water transport were compared between wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and plants overexpressing plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;4 (PIP1;4) and PIP2;5. Descending root temperature from 25°C to 10°C quickly reduced cell hydra ...
No Slide Title - Brands Delmar
No Slide Title - Brands Delmar

... – Interfere with the production of protein in bacterial cells – Are a specialized group of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity, used for gram-negative bacteria – Are not absorbed well from the GI tract, so are given parenterally – May be recognized by –micin or –mycin ending in drug name ( ...
The epidermal intermediate filament proteins of
The epidermal intermediate filament proteins of

... EJCB ...
regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis The NPK1
regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis The NPK1

... On leave from Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, LTD., Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0025, Japan. ...
BOTANICAL BRIEFING. Signalling between Pathogenic Rust Fungi
BOTANICAL BRIEFING. Signalling between Pathogenic Rust Fungi

... Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtain their nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of the two parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographic signals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryotic phase, by a successive sequence of signals to ...
enterocolitica Yersinia Type III Secretion System of Properties of the
enterocolitica Yersinia Type III Secretion System of Properties of the

Induction of a Secondary Body Axis in Xenopus by Antibodies to
Induction of a Secondary Body Axis in Xenopus by Antibodies to

... effectively to analyze the roles of growth factors and their receptors during mesoderm induction and other early patterning events (la, 13, 20b). Of particular interest in this regard is the observation that certain of the Wnt growth factors, which are homologues of the wingless segment polarity gen ...
The role of Arabidopsis CRK5 protein kinase in the regulation of root
The role of Arabidopsis CRK5 protein kinase in the regulation of root

... seven closely related members of the CRK family, the CRK5 kinase (At3g50530) carries an Nterminal MGxC myristylation/palmitoylation motive, which is conserved in all plasma membrane-associated CRK proteins examined so far in other plant species. The N-terminal domain of CRK5 also harbours a nuclear ...
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell

... which is normally induced by fasting.'9 These effects of insulin would suggest that the insulin binding sites present on villus cells are of physiological significance in that they promote or facilitate differentiation of the cell. Interestingly, insulin does not stimulate amino acid absorption by i ...
Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium
Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium

The DsbA Signal Sequence Directs Efficient
The DsbA Signal Sequence Directs Efficient

Lipid and Lipoprotein Population Distributions - Lectures For UG-5
Lipid and Lipoprotein Population Distributions - Lectures For UG-5

< 1 ... 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ... 1009 >

Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report