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Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and
Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and

Print - Circulation Research
Print - Circulation Research

... subunit of the basement membrane which is visible, in most cases, only with the electron microscope (for terminology, see References 6 and 7) although some unusually thick basal laminae such as renal glomerular membrane and Descemet's membrane are prominent even at the light microscope level. To dat ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects

... experiments performed in maize (Zea mays) root tip cells indicated that several mitotic cyclins were not destroyed at the exit of mitosis, although these proteins carry a D-box (Mews et al., 1997). Thus, the necessity to destroy mitotic cyclins during plant mitosis is still under debate (Mironov et ...
Peptides and proteins Chapter 36:
Peptides and proteins Chapter 36:

... are incorporated into peptides and proteins via the genetic code. Individually, these amino acids in isolation have no specific intrinsic biological activity. Within cells, they exist in a pool from which they can be called upon to make peptides and proteins or, sometimes, biogenic amines, such as s ...
Characteristics of Fats Saponification Number It is defined as the
Characteristics of Fats Saponification Number It is defined as the

... intestines to liver and adipose tissues. The lipids carried by chloromicrons principally in dietary lipids. The lipids carried by chloromicrons principally in dietary lipids. They are formed in the intestinal mucosa VLDLs are synthesized in the liver and released into blood. They transport triacylgl ...
Imaging the fate of histone Cse4 reveals de novo replacement in S
Imaging the fate of histone Cse4 reveals de novo replacement in S

... genetic blueprint. If an error occurs during cell division, and one of the daughter cells ends up with too many or too few copies of a chromosome, the cell can die or malfunction. Errors during cell division can, for example, cause cancer. Before a cell divides, it must create an exact copy of each ...
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce

... Check Your Understanding Check Your Understanding  Compare the structure of the nucleus of a eukaryote and the nucleoid of a prokaryote. 4-18  How do rough and smooth ER compare structurally and functionally? 4-19 ...
Growth and killing of a Salmonella enterica serovar
Growth and killing of a Salmonella enterica serovar

... the moment of their introduction into the cytosol, and therefore on the bacterial response. This second method has been applied to deliver S. typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and non-pathogenic E. coli into the cytosol of epithelial cells, where none displayed any replication (Goetz et al., 2001 ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily

... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 138, Number 2, July 28, 1997 375–384 ...
In vivo assays to study histone ubiquitylation
In vivo assays to study histone ubiquitylation

... similar in many parameters to nucleosomes containing unmodified histones [36]. Because ubiquitin is a bulky moiety, it has been postulated that its attachment to histones could disrupt chromatin folding [35,37]. This argument tends to be supported by the observation that metazoan histones are globall ...
Multiple Poliovirus-Induced Organelles Suggested By
Multiple Poliovirus-Induced Organelles Suggested By

... membranes.    PV  does  not  just  remodel  existing  membranes,  but  induces  membranes  with  unique  structure and lipid composition.  There has been some suggestion that the functions of the PV‐induced  structures observed during infection may not be those that perform genome replication.  This ...
Compartmentalisation of Rho regulators directs cell
Compartmentalisation of Rho regulators directs cell

... activity must be tightly regulated in time and space, but little is known about how Rho regulators (RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs) perform this function in the embryo. Taking advantage of a new probe that allows the visualisation of small RhoGTPase activity in Drosophila, we present evidence that Rho1 is apic ...
High Resolution Structure of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV
High Resolution Structure of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV

... featureless when examined by EM, they are in fact highly corrugated (Fig. 1B). The pilus structure was built by computationally fitting the pilin subunit structure into the cryoEM density and generating a filament using the symmetry operators determined for the reconstruction. In this pseudoatomic r ...
Figure E Functional classification of crop proteins into COG
Figure E Functional classification of crop proteins into COG

... Figure E Functional classification of crop proteins into COG categories. Heat-Map is drawn on the basis of the relative percentages of the proteins of each statistically different treatment. COG categories abbreviations: G: Carbohydrate transport and metabolism; J: Translation, ribosomal structure a ...
21 intraovarian sperm storage in helicolenus dactylopterus
21 intraovarian sperm storage in helicolenus dactylopterus

... considerably, to the point where they were hardly detectable in several spermatozoa (Fig. 3). ...
The Heat-Shock Proteins
The Heat-Shock Proteins

Entodermal derivatives: formation of the gut, liver, and pancreas
Entodermal derivatives: formation of the gut, liver, and pancreas

... Buccopharyngeal membrane opens at at 44 and and cloacal membrane at 7 weeks ...
Heat Shock Responses for Understanding Diseases of
Heat Shock Responses for Understanding Diseases of

... and killing foreign microorganisms in phagocytic cells, have been extensively studied. The ROS defense system requires the NADPH oxidase complex (Nox), which generates H2O2 within the phagosome. Invasion by microorganisms leads to assembly of an active Nox complex, which comprises a catalytic subuni ...
Press Release
Press Release

... lead to a completely new understanding of how mRNA and ribosomes interact.” Proteins are produced from mRNA by ribosomes – ‘molecular machines’ that pass successively along the mRNA to translate its nucleotides into amino acids. It was thought that the mRNA only started to decay once the final ribos ...
The Role of the Plant Nucleolus in Pre-mRNA Processing
The Role of the Plant Nucleolus in Pre-mRNA Processing

... to the mature 5.8S, 18S and 25–28S rRNAs. Processing of pre-rRNAs involves (a) cleavage of the transcript into precursors of the mature rRNAs and trimming of these precursors to their final size and (b) modification of specific rRNA nucleotides. The best-characterised pathway of pre-rRNA processing ...
Fc Macrophages via the ERK Pathway Receptor Cross-linking Stimulates Cell Proliferation of *
Fc Macrophages via the ERK Pathway Receptor Cross-linking Stimulates Cell Proliferation of *

... Fc␥R Cross-linking Assay—Coating antibodies coated on immobile surface was commonly used to cross-link FcR on macrophage cell membrane, and this process was also called frustrated phagocytosis (41– 43). The similar method was used in the Fc␥R cross-linking assay. To prepare the culture plates for th ...


... this study was to elucidate whether CD4+ alveolar lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected patients show a loss of complement regulatory proteins that would render these cells susceptible to antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity. We investigated the expression of complement regulatory (CD46, CD ...
Wastewater Microbiology Process Control
Wastewater Microbiology Process Control

... • Present in the aeration basin, clarifiers and digesters. ...
The Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor
The Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor

Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus

... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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