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Aluminum-Induced 133-ß-D-Glucan Inhibits Cell
Aluminum-Induced 133-ß-D-Glucan Inhibits Cell

... cytoskeletal structures, which plays a central role in cell division and elongation (Blancaflor et al., 1998; Seju and Lee, 1998; Sivaguru et al., 1999a, 1999b). Within a plant cell, the symplast (intracellular space) and apoplast (extracellular space) compartments, although separated via the PM, ma ...
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PDF

... have been in G2 or M phase on the basis of criteria that reflect the state of the cell at the time of fixation, cells were judged to have been in S phase on the basis of a criterion that could have been met during any of the last 13min of the 15min BrdUTP pulse preceding fixation. Thus, if homologou ...
Suppression of Cathepsins B and L Causes a Proliferation of
Suppression of Cathepsins B and L Causes a Proliferation of

... and Bradford (1976) analyses, samples containing 40 mg of protein were maintained at 20°C for 18 –24 hr, diluted into assay buffer (340 mM sodium acetate, 60 mM acetic acid, 4 mM EDTA, and freshly prepared 8 mM dithiothreitol, pH 5.4), bath sonicated for 30 sec, and centrifuged at 12,000 3 g for 12 ...
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.

... et al., 2005; Krug et al., 2004). Taken together, numerous observations support the idea that single PAMPs can trigger dual responses. Moreover, host cells appear to assess the context in which PAMPs are sensed, and this contextual information is used to generate distinct responses. Issues that Comp ...
Rapid Method For Transmission Electron Microscope Study Of
Rapid Method For Transmission Electron Microscope Study Of

... were used in their studies are more complex and thicker compare to the bacteria that we used in this study. Therefore, the penetration and effects of the GA would be harsh for the bacteria, if they were exposed for a longer time as in the SMTEM. Even though the GA was exposed shorter time in the RMT ...
How to build a grid cell
How to build a grid cell

... in other layers also show grid cell firing, it is clear that the grid cell phenotype is not restricted to a single cell type. Stellate cells have received substantial attention even before the discovery of grid cells because of their distinctive intrinsic excitability and responsiveness in the theta ...
Study questions - test 2 chapter5 chapter6
Study questions - test 2 chapter5 chapter6

... 118) what types of movement are COPI, COPII, and clathrin associated with? 119) how are lysosomal enzymes tagged in the TGN? 120) what is autophagy? 121) how do lysosomes develop? 122) how does tay sachs cause problems? 123) what are phagocytosis and pinocytosis? how do they occur? 124) how does rec ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and

... the acquisition of unknown biological data. These microfluidic systems must allow cell culture under controlled microenvironment and high throughput analysis. For this purpose, the integration of a variable number of newly developed micro- and nano-technologies, which enable control of topography an ...
Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion
Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion

Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen
Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen

... with or without stimulated cell supernatants. Then, the phagocytic activity against inactivated yeast and peroxidase production were measured. Stimulated cell supernatants increased the phagocytic activity and the peroxidase production of allogenic peritoneal macrophages. The activities of these sti ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins

... signaling and structural proteins. A complete understanding of the molecular basis of integrin regulation will require identification of these integrin-binding proteins and characterization of their activities. At least 21 proteins are known to bind to one or more integrin β tails (Table 1). This di ...
Supplementary Online Materials
Supplementary Online Materials

... and/or its repartitioning out of membranes. According to current membrane-topological folding theory[1,3-5], it is plausible that the acidichydrophobic amphipathic DIDLID/DLG element, Neh5L and AD2 regions would exist in a non-structural loop when they are unfolded in solution. However, differential ...
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PDF

... gradient was absent and the adults displayed smaller wings. In these discs, the intervein transcription factor DSRF (Montagne et al., 1996) was uniformly distributed throughout the wing pouch, except for L3 and L5 (supplementary material Fig. S1). When nub>tkvDN was activated at 105 hours, the pMad ...
Cloning of cDNA Encoding NtEPc, a Marker Protein for the
Cloning of cDNA Encoding NtEPc, a Marker Protein for the

... Preparation of total RNA from pollen—Total RNA was isolated from the cells by the method reported by Chomczynski and Sacchi (1987) with some modification as described below. The modification increased the yield of RNA to 1.5 fold higher than the original method. Just after the harvest, approximately ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review

... Allen, W. et al. (1998). A role for Cdc42 in Macrophage chemotaxis. Sah, V. et al. (2000). The Role of Rho in G Protein-coupled receptor signal ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a

... by the reconstruction of LECA because detailed cell ultrastructure is not discernible in these fossils. It is moreover not possible to relate this find to the timing of the origin of archaea, as there is no firm evidence for the timing of their origin in the fossil record (Brocks et al., 2003). That ...
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate
The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate

The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis

... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not

... the establishment of an equatorial actomyosin ring is preceded and regulated by many cell cycle events, and the ring itself is a complex and dynamic structure. Here we report the presence of an equatorial circumferential actomyosin structure with remarkable similarities to the cytokinetic ring forme ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and

... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca

... Received 23 May 2000; accepted in final form 15 August 2000 ...
Review Article GPCRs: Lipid-Dependent Membrane Receptors That
Review Article GPCRs: Lipid-Dependent Membrane Receptors That

Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca - AJP
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca - AJP

... Received 23 May 2000; accepted in final form 15 August 2000 ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
ABSTRACT Title of Document:

... I would like to thank my advisor Volker Briken for all of his support and guidance. Working in his lab has been an inspiring example of how an advisor can maintain a position of authority while treating students with respect and care. I would like to thank my wonderful lab members for their help, ad ...
Imaging the fate of histone Cse4 reveals de novo replacement in S
Imaging the fate of histone Cse4 reveals de novo replacement in S

... genetic blueprint. If an error occurs during cell division, and one of the daughter cells ends up with too many or too few copies of a chromosome, the cell can die or malfunction. Errors during cell division can, for example, cause cancer. Before a cell divides, it must create an exact copy of each ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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