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bop8e_chapter03 REVISED W16 Part 2
bop8e_chapter03 REVISED W16 Part 2

... • Plant cells typically consist of a cell wall and a protoplast • The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope and contains nucleoplasm, chromatin, and one or more nucleoli • Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis • There are three main types of plastids: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leu ...
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... play a role in the endosome-to-TGN transport (Yoshino et al., 2003). In addition, Lu et al. have very recently demonstrated that Arl1 and golgin-97 are required for transport from early/recycling endosomes to the TGN (Lu et al., 2004). Mammalian ARFRP1 (ARF-related protein 1), previously designated ...
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Plant Hormones - EPTS Biology Intro

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Chapter 8: Cells, Tissues And organs
Chapter 8: Cells, Tissues And organs

... The structure of cells may be highly adapted to perform one function, i.e. the cells may become …………………… One excellent example is the …………………… which is highly adapted to carry oxygen in mammalian blood. If the different cells, tissues and organs of a multicellular organism perform different function ...
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Control of Gene Expression

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7A Cells board works - School

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Functions of the exocyst complex in secretion and cell wall biogenesis

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The thin, outermost membrane that separates a cell from its outside

... prokaryotic cells have cell walls outside their plasma membranes, but eukaryotic cells are all bound only by a plasma membrane prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles the DNA of prokaryotes is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane as in eukaryotes ...
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AP Biology Unit 2 Exam Study Guide 1. Explain the requirements for

... 24. Explain the role of the substances which make up the structure of plant cells. 25. Explain how and why the location of ribosomes is important in protein synthesis. 26. Explain which techniques would be best for observations of chromosomes during mitosis. 27. Using you knowledge of how receptors ...
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traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction

... defence responses, accumulating and sequestering toxic compounds, and also stores defence molecules such as ...
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... • Continuous cell lines that can be propagated indefinitely generally have this ability because they have been transformed into tumour cells. • Tumour cell lines are often derived from actual clinical tumours, but transformation may also be induced using viral oncogenes or by chemical treatments. • ...
THE CELL THEORY
THE CELL THEORY

... 17. Cancer cells have Uncontrolled biosynthesis:  Cancer cells cannot respond to signals that control their metabolic and biosynthetic activities.  Hence large amounts of proteolytic enzymes are secreted by most cancer cells, which have adverse effects on the cell.  A cancer cell secretes a prote ...
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FREE Sample Here

... 18) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. C) Prot ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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