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Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma
Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma

... Among the PM-resident Qa-SNARE molecules, five (SYP111, SYP121, SYP122, SYP123 and SYP132) were expressed in certain root tissues of 5-day-old seedlings. The GFP fluorescence of SYP111/KNOLLE was detected exclusively in dividing cells in the root tip region (Fig. 1A). The majority of expressed SYP111 ...
Functions of smooth muscles and their electrical properties Learning
Functions of smooth muscles and their electrical properties Learning

...  Smooth muscle fibers are connected to their neighbors by gap junction. which are permeable to ions and thereby transmit electrical current from muscle fiber to muscle fiber.  Ionic conncecivity, without cytoplasmic continuity from fiber to fiber, accounts for the electrical syncytial properties ...
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore

... transition in beef heart mitochondria.  In 1987, Martin Crompton et al. implied that the pore is a unique molecular entity that allows the passage of any molecule of <1500daltons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
Acanthamoeba polyphaga Intracellular Infection of
Acanthamoeba polyphaga Intracellular Infection of

... Although the early stages of intracellular infection by Legionella pneumophila are well established at the ultrastructural level, a detailed ultrastructural analysis of late stages of intracellular replication has never been done. Here we show that the membrane of the L. pneumophila-containing phago ...
The Sinorhizobium meliloti sensor histidine kinase
The Sinorhizobium meliloti sensor histidine kinase

Andrei Fagarasanu Department of Cell Biology Supervisor: Dr
Andrei Fagarasanu Department of Cell Biology Supervisor: Dr

... include ␣-tubulin and the cation channel CrPKD2, an algal homologue of a gene mutated in the ciliopathy polycystic kidney disease. The functional consequence of CrPKD2 ubiquitination is not known, but the authors hypothesize that it facilitates recycling. In lieu of degrading flagellar components an ...
Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology
Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology

... identity. Dynamin B is a nuclear-encoded protein, which is synthesized as preprotein in the cytosol, shuttled for processing to mitochondria, and returned in mature form to the cytosol, where it interacts with a distinct subset of organelle membranes, the plasma membrane, and cytoskeletal structures ...
AP Biology, Chapter 28 Protists Living Small 28.1 Most eukaryotes
AP Biology, Chapter 28 Protists Living Small 28.1 Most eukaryotes

... 5. Given the endosymbiosis theory, explain the modern collaboration between the genome of the organelles and nucleus. Genes have been transferred from the organelle to the nucleus Transfer is common among prokaryotes 6. How does secondary endosymbiosis explain the diversity of plastids? Sequential e ...
MIMOSA PUDICA L. A SENSITIVE PLANT ABSTRACT Keyword
MIMOSA PUDICA L. A SENSITIVE PLANT ABSTRACT Keyword

... response8. It is generally accepted that the movements are caused by the diminishing or sudden loss of turgor in the motor cells. These vacuoles contract upon stimulation, presumably brought about by loss of various salts in the cell, and recovery (expansion) is brought about by uptake of the salt-r ...
Chapter 28 Discovery and Classification of Glycan
Chapter 28 Discovery and Classification of Glycan

... Distinctive glycans on the surfaces of different cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, make them targets for GBPs. Binding of glycans on the surface of one cell by GBPs on another cell can induce recognition and adhesion, whereas crosslinking glycans on different cells by multivalent soluble GB ...
Structural investigation of single biomolecules
Structural investigation of single biomolecules

... using the AFM, to gain information about both the normal protein structure and its failure modes. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin, the protein forms very highly packed structures in the bacterial cell wall, and so is one of the few membrane proteins that can be crystallized for highresolution struc ...
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the

... Moreover, we provide evidence that if the Golgi complex is first dismantled into stacks with microtubule disrupting agents, IQ treatment further breaks down Golgi stacks into VGMs. Thus, IQ acts independently both on microtubules and Golgi membranes and breaks down Golgi membranes regardless of the ...
Vacuolar Sorting Receptor-Mediated Trafficking of Soluble Vacuolar
Vacuolar Sorting Receptor-Mediated Trafficking of Soluble Vacuolar

... Received: 13 June 2014; in revised form: 18 August 2014 / Accepted: 18 August 2014 / Published: 25 August 2014 ...
Nuclear function for the actin-binding cytoskeletal protein
Nuclear function for the actin-binding cytoskeletal protein

... and the epitope-tagged versions of Moesin show the same localization pattern in the nucleus which indicated that the protein tags do not influence the distribution, therefore most likely the function of the protein in the nucleus. Moesin was present at the nuclear envelope, in the nucleoplasm, exhib ...
Transport of Colloidal Particles from Small Blood Vessels Correlated
Transport of Colloidal Particles from Small Blood Vessels Correlated

... approximately 2 hours before follicle rupture and 30 minutes after the injection of ThCX, particles are found immediately beneath the endothelial basement membrane in the area of the junction between endothelial cells (Fig. 2). In addition, a few particles can sometimes be found in membrane-bounded ...
Fission yeast Myo51 is a meiotic spindle pole body component with
Fission yeast Myo51 is a meiotic spindle pole body component with

... facilitate this, a series of strains expressing Myo51-fluorophore fusions were generated. The fluorophore or its position on Myo51 had no discernible effect upon cell morphology and each fusion protein localised to the cytokinetic actomyosin ring (CAR) during mitosis (Fig. 1A), as previously reporte ...
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live

... Metabolic patterns of amino acids, choline and fatty acid.  A more quantitative examination in the incorporation pattern of each metabolite by dividing over the label-free images of lipid or protein distribution reveals characteristic metabolic patterns of amino acids, choline and fatty acid (Fig. 3 ...
PDF
PDF

... al., 2000; Milán et al., 1996; Weigmann and Cohen, 1999; Johnston and Sanders, 2003). Many clones have been generated in multiple separate discs and the average of multiple discs was used to build an overall picture of imaginal disc growth. This overview is very useful, yet these conventional cell-l ...
Cellular Computing
Cellular Computing

... – in vivo delivery of pharmaceuticals  e.g. selective delivery of antibodies ...
Name: Period: _____ Date
Name: Period: _____ Date

... loving”; water soluble; polar) while the inside is hydrophobic (“water hating”; water insoluble; nonpolar) 2. Fluid mosaic ...
The protein import apparatus of chloroplasts
The protein import apparatus of chloroplasts

... translocation process. It is therefore likely that the polypeptide, fold into a certain tertiary and globular structure before translocation is initiated. Yet it is unlikely that a large globular macromolecule is able to penetrate a membrane in a specific and ordered fashion. In vivo cytosolic facto ...
Penile Anatomy
Penile Anatomy

...  attached to the inferior surface of the perineal membrane and consists of central bulb of the penis with a crus on each side  Bulb is on the posterior end of the corpus spongiosum, crus at the end of the corpus cavernosa  Crus attached to the angle between the perineal membrane and pubic ramus. ...
chlamydomonas gymnogama and - The Journal of Cell Biology
chlamydomonas gymnogama and - The Journal of Cell Biology

2 Nucleic Acids
2 Nucleic Acids

... that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Other proteins are antibodies, which bind to foreign substances such as bacteria and target them for destruction. Still other proteins carry messages or transport materials. For example, human red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds ...
Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics and
Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics and

... A previous study in the yeast Pichia pastoris discovered CL to constitute 2 to 4% of the phospholipids in peroxisomal membranes (Wriessnegger et al., 2007), raising the possibility that CL may also be involved in the dynamics and function of peroxisomes, essential organelles linked to mitochondria t ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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