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Muscle Contraction and Rigor Mortis KEY
Muscle Contraction and Rigor Mortis KEY

... are hard to move, but have you figured out what causes this change? The answer, of course, lies in the science. This stiffening is directly related to the chemical state of your muscles upon death. ATP is required for successful muscle contraction. You will zoom in on the sarcomere, the smallest uni ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology

... the large granules is a major event in the maturation process of the neutrophil, and occurs at the myelocyte stage (3). In comparison with the azurophils and specifics, the large granules contain no serine or metalloproteases, acid hydrolases, or peroxidase (10). In contrast, they contain a set of s ...
Intracellular distribution of histone mRNAs in human fibroblasts studied
Intracellular distribution of histone mRNAs in human fibroblasts studied

... beginning in early S phase and are rapidly and selectively degraded when DNA synthesis is completed or inhibited (7-12). Histone mRNA transcripts undergo little nuclear processing and appear on cytoplasmic polysomes within minutes after they are transcribed (13). In turn, histone proteins are transp ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... least 60 genes. This must be considered as a minimum estimate, as a small part of the genome still remains to be sequence [1]. Rab GTPases cycle between active and inactive states, GTP-bound or GDP-bound forms, respectively. In the active conformation, Rabs interact with a high variety of Rab-effect ...
Macromomycin, an Inhibitor of the Membrane Function of Tumor Cells
Macromomycin, an Inhibitor of the Membrane Function of Tumor Cells

... freed from the medium and treated with 0.1 M citric acid at 37° for 1 hr. Cell nuclei were stained with crystal violet (0.05%) in 0.1 M citric acid solution and counted in a hemocytometer. Yoshida sarcoma cells were counted directly as intact cells. Dead cells were estimated by staining with nigros ...
α-Hemolysin pore formation into a supported
α-Hemolysin pore formation into a supported

... been studied as a model of ionic channel and protein self-assembly in phospholipid bilayers. The QCM-D technology is a sensitive technique to study molecular interactions on surfaces, SPB in particular. The working principle of the QCM-D technique is based on the piezoelectric properties of quartz. ...
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in

... et al. 2006) are regulated mainly by microtubules. In contrast, flowering plant cells predominantly utilize actin microfilaments for the spatial regulation of their major membrane components, including the ER (Sheahan et al. 2004, Runions et al. 2005), Golgi (Boevink et al. 1998, Nebenführ et al. 1999 ...
ESCRT requirements for EIAV budding | SpringerLink
ESCRT requirements for EIAV budding | SpringerLink

... that recruits ALIX, but lacks a TSG101 binding site [39,40,62,63,68-72]. We speculate that the modest increases in virion release and infectivity observed upon TSG101 depletion may reflect competition for late-acting ESCRT factors between EIAV budding and other cellular processes, which is relieved ...
division plane control in plants: new players in the band
division plane control in plants: new players in the band

... during cytokinesis had almost no effect on cell plate orientations [44,45]. These studies suggest that the presence of an ADZ during cytokinesis is not critical for phragmoplast guidance, but that the ADZ and/or PPB F-actin plays an important role in the establishment of the cortical division site. ...
Synapse Specificity Minireview and Long
Synapse Specificity Minireview and Long

... exposure of the peripheral synapses to 5-HT, these results indicate that synapses need not be tagged or active to receive the proteins required for long-term synaptic plasticity. One might argue, however, that the application of 5-HT to sensory neuron somata “short circuits” the normal signaling pat ...
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall

... meristematic cells of the root body. On the other hand, BFA compartments were absent from secretory cells of root cap periphery, metaxylem cells, and most elongating cells, all of which are active in exocytosis. We report that cell wall pectin epitopes counting rhamnogalacturonan II dimers cross-lin ...
Chapter 27 Presentation
Chapter 27 Presentation

... Methanogens are named for their mode of energy production. They use CO2 and oxidize H2 releasing CH4 in the process. These bacteria are the strictest anaerobes. They are poisoned by O2. ...
Full text, pdf
Full text, pdf

... for details). The common ancestor of the F- and V-ATPases, thanks to its rotating scaffold, would then be able to translocate Na+ ions in both directions, depending on the magnitude of the SMF. Upon further increase in the external salinity, reversal of the rotation could result in the Na+-driven sy ...
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along the Plasma
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along the Plasma

... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
The extracellular matrix at a glance
The extracellular matrix at a glance

Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along

... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
Diatom cell division in an environmental context
Diatom cell division in an environmental context

... Additionally, their genomes testify to the pervasive acquisition of bacterial genes over evolutionarily significant time scales by horizontal gene transfer [4]. It is therefore highly likely that they have evolved unorthodox mechanisms to control their proliferation. The most characteristic feature ...
synchronous pollen mitosis and the formation of the generative cell
synchronous pollen mitosis and the formation of the generative cell

... Fig. 1. The prophase nuclei come to lie close to the periclinal walls within the massulae, a disposition particularly well seen in the outer cells (Fig. 3). The metaphase plates lie parallel to the outer wall, and the spindle is truncated on this side (Figs. 2, 4). The anaphasic movement carries the ...
Bacterial tail anchors can target to the mitochondrial outer
Bacterial tail anchors can target to the mitochondrial outer

... Bacterial tail anchors can target to the mitochondrial outer membrane Güleycan Lutfullahoğlu Bal, Abdurrahman Keskin1, Ayşe Bengisu Seferoğlu, and ...
8. ARTÍCULOS
8. ARTÍCULOS

... noteworthy that both proteins display a similar, mostly perinuclear, punctate staining, which probably means that these proteins somehow interact with membranous intracellular structures in these cell lines [18]. Furthermore, colocalization analysis shows a partial overlapping in the subcellular dis ...
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria

... effector proteins Type-III-mediated delivery into the host cell cytosol had initially been shown for Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) [5] and was only recently demonstrated for effector proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, evidence for protein translocation was provided by the use of reporte ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... Golgi bodies are flattened stack of membranes that are scattered throughout the cytoplasm Depending on the cell, the number of Golgi bodies ranges from a few to several hundred These are collectively referred to as the Golgi complex ...
rumex l. species induce apoptosis in 1301, eol-1 and h
rumex l. species induce apoptosis in 1301, eol-1 and h

Altered Cell Cycle Distribution, Hyperplasia, and
Altered Cell Cycle Distribution, Hyperplasia, and

... appears to be the Rb protein. Rb binds a family of heterodimeric transcription factors called E2F/DP and is localized to promoters that contain E2F binding sites. Many E2Fregulated genes are required for cell growth and cell cycle progression. Rb then recruits histone deacetylase activity to promoto ...
New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells
New type of snRNP containing nuclear bodies in plant cells

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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