REVIEW CELL DIVISION FROM A GENETIC PERSPECTIVE
... mentioned above has been shown to be defective in thymidylate synthetase (5). In some cases, however, the execution point for a particular mutant occurs considerably before the mutant cell exhibits any observable defect in its progress through the cell cycle. For example, mutants of S. cerevisiae we ...
... mentioned above has been shown to be defective in thymidylate synthetase (5). In some cases, however, the execution point for a particular mutant occurs considerably before the mutant cell exhibits any observable defect in its progress through the cell cycle. For example, mutants of S. cerevisiae we ...
Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2001, p
... II HDACs, HDAC4, -5, -6, and -7, are subject to a regulated intracellular localization (20). Although there is evidence for a role for some of these HDACs in transcriptional repression, their possible function in the cytoplasm remains elusive (20, 21). Within these enzymes, the endogenous HDAC6 was ...
... II HDACs, HDAC4, -5, -6, and -7, are subject to a regulated intracellular localization (20). Although there is evidence for a role for some of these HDACs in transcriptional repression, their possible function in the cytoplasm remains elusive (20, 21). Within these enzymes, the endogenous HDAC6 was ...
Chapter 2.3 Active Cell Processes: Motility, Muscle, and Mechanotransduction
... qualitative, and the models, to the extent they exist, more ad hoc. This is because not only are the processes much more complex, often involving a cascade of reactions or numerous individual cell functions, but they are also less well understood. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the vario ...
... qualitative, and the models, to the extent they exist, more ad hoc. This is because not only are the processes much more complex, often involving a cascade of reactions or numerous individual cell functions, but they are also less well understood. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the vario ...
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels
... and lignin found in their biomass and, further, important differences in the types of hemicelluloses and/or the ratios of monomers in lignin [1,2]. In addition to these species-specific differences, the average composition of a single species, which is often quite uniform, hides a great deal of dive ...
... and lignin found in their biomass and, further, important differences in the types of hemicelluloses and/or the ratios of monomers in lignin [1,2]. In addition to these species-specific differences, the average composition of a single species, which is often quite uniform, hides a great deal of dive ...
The Umbilical Cord and Body- stalk. The umbilical cord (Fig. 28
... the gland tubes are greatly dilated and very tortuous, and are ultimately separated from one another by only a small amount of interglandular tissue, while their lining cells are flattened or cubical; • (3) a thin unaltered or boundary layer, next the uterine muscular fibers, containing the deepest ...
... the gland tubes are greatly dilated and very tortuous, and are ultimately separated from one another by only a small amount of interglandular tissue, while their lining cells are flattened or cubical; • (3) a thin unaltered or boundary layer, next the uterine muscular fibers, containing the deepest ...
Biology of Tooth Movement
... bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible for bone remodeling associated with tooth movement, lipoxygenase products may also be invol ...
... bone. Leukotrienes, which are also metabolites of Arachidonic acid, were originally demonstrated in leukocytes and were called leukotrienes. It is possible then, since prostaglandins are not fully responsible for bone remodeling associated with tooth movement, lipoxygenase products may also be invol ...
Zinc-induced Inactivation of the Yeast ZRT1 Zinc Transporter
... of over 300 enzymes (11) and also plays a structural role in many proteins. For example, several motifs found in transcriptional regulatory proteins are stabilized by zinc including the zinc finger, zinc cluster, and RING finger domains (12). Proteins containing these motifs are very common; for exa ...
... of over 300 enzymes (11) and also plays a structural role in many proteins. For example, several motifs found in transcriptional regulatory proteins are stabilized by zinc including the zinc finger, zinc cluster, and RING finger domains (12). Proteins containing these motifs are very common; for exa ...
University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... and peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis occur during division. Septal peptidoglycan synthesis (catalysed by PBP1a and PBP2x) occurs at the division site, and peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis (catalysed by protein PBP2b) occurs in close proximity to the division site, leading to peptidoglycan insert ...
... and peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis occur during division. Septal peptidoglycan synthesis (catalysed by PBP1a and PBP2x) occurs at the division site, and peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis (catalysed by protein PBP2b) occurs in close proximity to the division site, leading to peptidoglycan insert ...
Proteomic Analysis of the Arabidopsis Nucleolus Suggests Novel
... activities and processes, such as maturation, assembly and export of RNP particles, telomerase activity, the cell cycle, Article published online ahead of print. Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/ mbc.E04 – 09 – 0791. Article and publication date are available at ...
... activities and processes, such as maturation, assembly and export of RNP particles, telomerase activity, the cell cycle, Article published online ahead of print. Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/ mbc.E04 – 09 – 0791. Article and publication date are available at ...
4-3. Cell wall structure of E. coli and B. subtilis
... cytoplasmic LD-carboxypeptidase and plays a role in cell morphology, lysis, and murein recycling [53, 54]. PBP5 is localized in the cylindrical envelope as well as the division site, and recent research has shown that the cellular localization of PBP5 is determined predominantly by sites of active p ...
... cytoplasmic LD-carboxypeptidase and plays a role in cell morphology, lysis, and murein recycling [53, 54]. PBP5 is localized in the cylindrical envelope as well as the division site, and recent research has shown that the cellular localization of PBP5 is determined predominantly by sites of active p ...
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced programmed cell death in
... sequestration and signaling (Meldolesi and Pozzan, 1998). The high lumenal Ca2+ concentration acts as a pool for releasable Ca2+ during cell signaling (Berridge et al., 2000) and also regulates the functioning of numerous ER lumenal proteins (Brostrom and Brostrom, 1998). The main role of the ER, re ...
... sequestration and signaling (Meldolesi and Pozzan, 1998). The high lumenal Ca2+ concentration acts as a pool for releasable Ca2+ during cell signaling (Berridge et al., 2000) and also regulates the functioning of numerous ER lumenal proteins (Brostrom and Brostrom, 1998). The main role of the ER, re ...
Mechanics of the Cvtoskeleton
... and fairly stiff cellulosemicrofibril. Theseenzymecomplexesare thoughtto move within the fluid membraneand leave a "trace" of crystallizing cellulose behind them. This movementwill thereforedeterminethe orientationof cellulosemicrofibrils and thus the anisotropyof the cell wall. It is at this point ...
... and fairly stiff cellulosemicrofibril. Theseenzymecomplexesare thoughtto move within the fluid membraneand leave a "trace" of crystallizing cellulose behind them. This movementwill thereforedeterminethe orientationof cellulosemicrofibrils and thus the anisotropyof the cell wall. It is at this point ...
The functions of the cytoskeleton and associated
... In addition to their involvement in the formation and function of the PPB and/or spindle, MOR1, CLASP, MAP65, AtKRP125c, NEDD1, and GCPs also contribute to phragmoplast establishment and configuration (Muller et al., 2004; Kawamura et al., 2006; Ambrose et al., 2007; Bannigan et al., 2007; Zeng et al ...
... In addition to their involvement in the formation and function of the PPB and/or spindle, MOR1, CLASP, MAP65, AtKRP125c, NEDD1, and GCPs also contribute to phragmoplast establishment and configuration (Muller et al., 2004; Kawamura et al., 2006; Ambrose et al., 2007; Bannigan et al., 2007; Zeng et al ...
how nuclear pore complexes assemble
... protein synthesis machinery comes at a price. It requires transport gates that guarantee selective passage of proteins, RNAs, RNA–protein complexes and metabolites. This is achieved by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which act as the gatekeepers of the nuclear envelope. In contrast to other transport ...
... protein synthesis machinery comes at a price. It requires transport gates that guarantee selective passage of proteins, RNAs, RNA–protein complexes and metabolites. This is achieved by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which act as the gatekeepers of the nuclear envelope. In contrast to other transport ...
Intracellular Protein Degradation
... the immune and inflammatory system. As a result, the system has become a platform for drug targeting, and mechanism-based drugs are currently developed, one of them is already on the market. The lysosome and intracellular protein degradation In the mid-1950s, Christian de Duve discovered the lysosom ...
... the immune and inflammatory system. As a result, the system has become a platform for drug targeting, and mechanism-based drugs are currently developed, one of them is already on the market. The lysosome and intracellular protein degradation In the mid-1950s, Christian de Duve discovered the lysosom ...
A commentary on the G2/M transition of the plant cell cycle
... checkpoint as operating when a step ‘B’ depends on completion of step ‘A’ unless a loss-function mutant can relieve the dependence. Cells held under checkpoint conditions must be able to meet the demands imposed by that checkpoint before acquisition of competence to undergo a cell cycle transition. ...
... checkpoint as operating when a step ‘B’ depends on completion of step ‘A’ unless a loss-function mutant can relieve the dependence. Cells held under checkpoint conditions must be able to meet the demands imposed by that checkpoint before acquisition of competence to undergo a cell cycle transition. ...
Muscular System Overview of Muscle Tissues • Types of Muscle
... 5. The hydrolysis of ATP, which leads to the re-energizing and repositioning of the myosin head • The release of the myosin head from actin triggers the hydrolysis (i.e., a chemical process in which an enzyme uses water to split one molecule into smaller parts) of the ATP molecule into ADP and Pi • ...
... 5. The hydrolysis of ATP, which leads to the re-energizing and repositioning of the myosin head • The release of the myosin head from actin triggers the hydrolysis (i.e., a chemical process in which an enzyme uses water to split one molecule into smaller parts) of the ATP molecule into ADP and Pi • ...
Protozoa as Model System for Studies of
... The other form of photobehavioral reaction, which occurs in both ciliates and leads to photodispersal, is an increased speed of cell movement in a more intensively lighted environment (Kraml and Marwan 1983; Matsuoka 1983a,b; Iwatsuki 1991). The best described motile reaction, which is most importan ...
... The other form of photobehavioral reaction, which occurs in both ciliates and leads to photodispersal, is an increased speed of cell movement in a more intensively lighted environment (Kraml and Marwan 1983; Matsuoka 1983a,b; Iwatsuki 1991). The best described motile reaction, which is most importan ...
Photoreceptor Membrane Proteins, Phototransduction, and Retinal
... pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer is a specialized compartment uniquely designed to carry out phototransduction, i.e., the capture of light and its conversion to an electrical signal. This membrane-rich organelle undergoes a continual renewal process in which newly synthesized membrane is added at ...
... pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer is a specialized compartment uniquely designed to carry out phototransduction, i.e., the capture of light and its conversion to an electrical signal. This membrane-rich organelle undergoes a continual renewal process in which newly synthesized membrane is added at ...
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... et ak, 1987) or in the inheritance of a cytoplasmic or In normal development the first cleavage division cortical component of the mother cell (for example, produces daughter cells, AB and CD, that are unequal by Conklin, 1905; Boveri, 1910; Spemann, 1938; Shimizu, three criteria. Cell CD is larger ...
... et ak, 1987) or in the inheritance of a cytoplasmic or In normal development the first cleavage division cortical component of the mother cell (for example, produces daughter cells, AB and CD, that are unequal by Conklin, 1905; Boveri, 1910; Spemann, 1938; Shimizu, three criteria. Cell CD is larger ...
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... and, as a consequence, the eukaryote can easily reoxidize its reduced electron acceptors and profit from an energetically favourable situation. The question arises as to where the reduction equivalents are produced, as hydrogen or formate, in the Mastigella cell. Except for P. palustris and the now ...
... and, as a consequence, the eukaryote can easily reoxidize its reduced electron acceptors and profit from an energetically favourable situation. The question arises as to where the reduction equivalents are produced, as hydrogen or formate, in the Mastigella cell. Except for P. palustris and the now ...
PDZ proteins retain and regulate membrane transporters in
... NHERF-1 and -2 are involved in signaling complex assembly and anchoring in the apical membrane. Na⫹/H⫹ exchanger regulatory factors (NHERF) are PDZ proteins that associate with the apical brush-border membrane in polarized epithelial cells. NHERF-1 was originally cloned as an essential cofactor for ...
... NHERF-1 and -2 are involved in signaling complex assembly and anchoring in the apical membrane. Na⫹/H⫹ exchanger regulatory factors (NHERF) are PDZ proteins that associate with the apical brush-border membrane in polarized epithelial cells. NHERF-1 was originally cloned as an essential cofactor for ...