• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Parvalbumin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Auditory Cortex
Parvalbumin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Auditory Cortex

... regulating gain. Cortical inhibition is provided by local GABAergic interneurons, which comprise 10 –20% of the cortical population and can be separated into numerous subclasses. The morphological and physiological diversity of interneurons suggests that these different subclasses have unique roles ...
Essential fatty acids and acne
Essential fatty acids and acne

... that will reduce the linoleate content of sebum. Awakening of the pubescent sebaceous gland, under the influence of extragonadal honnones, appears to result in such an increase in the amount of sebum produced per sebocyte, since linoleate content decreases dramatically long before the principal incr ...
Resistance Gene-Dependent Activation of a Calcium
Resistance Gene-Dependent Activation of a Calcium

... are crucial for activation of early defense responses (Yang et al., 1997; Scheel, 1998). Recent reports have noted the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases after race-specific and nonspecific elicitation (Ligterink et al., 1997; Zhang and Klessig, 1998; Zhang et al., 1998; Romeis et ...
Evolutionary Novelties: How Fish Have Built a Heater Out of Muscle1
Evolutionary Novelties: How Fish Have Built a Heater Out of Muscle1

... muscles that power these large pelagic fish through water, a medium of relatively high viscosity, have a high metabolic potential that underlies the evolution of endothermy in scombroid fishes. The evolution of endothermic mechanisms in teleost fish utilizing skeletal muscle as the heat source provi ...
cellular and subcellular mechanisms of cardiac pacemaker oscillations
cellular and subcellular mechanisms of cardiac pacemaker oscillations

... important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred to as a surface membrane oscillator, can be represented by a control ...
World Blood Donor Day
World Blood Donor Day

... Delete the wrong word in each of the pairs of italics. Millions of people are alive today because they receiving / received the blood given by another person. June 14 is World Blood Donor Day. This is the day on which we can say thank you to them / those who give blood. Every country raises / rises ...
Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in
Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in

Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing
Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing

... is merely a consequence of organ growth and to a large extent facultative (Massonnet et al., 2010). In the plant Arabidopsis, two types of cell cycle have been identified: the mitotic cell cycle and the endocycle (or endoreduplication cycle). The process of endoreduplication, which is an increase of ...
Biosorption of copper from aqueous environments by Micrococcus
Biosorption of copper from aqueous environments by Micrococcus

... (~76 mg Cu2þ/g dry cells). Such polymer composites may potentially be used in various water-based applications such as treatment of wastewater with a high concentration of copper or other heavy metals. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell 08-09
Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell 08-09

... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Pseudomonas spp.-induced systemic resistance
Pseudomonas spp.-induced systemic resistance

... one of the earliest events produced in cell suspension cultures in response to rhizobacterial elicitors that could be linked to the development of ISR in whole plants (Van Loon et al., 2008). This oxidative burst was similar to that induced by oligosaccharides in grapevine suspension cells (Aziz et ...
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Delivery System for
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Delivery System for

... classified using Gene Ontology-based functions. The OMV-associated proteins unique to the LB or acidic MgM (AMM) conditions were grouped based on their biological processes and molecular functions, and their proportions under each condition are plotted. ...
Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in
Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in

... One of the characteristic features of plant cells is rapid, continuous movement of cell organelles, which is essential for the active growth and development of plant cells. This applies not only to nuclei and chloroplasts, of which various aspects of intracellular distribution and movement have been ...
structural responses of amoebae
structural responses of amoebae

... on uncoated copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The preparations were studied with a Philips EM-300 or AEI EM-801 electron microscope. The numbers of injected cells for ultrastructural study were limited to approximately 30-50 amoebae per sample by the necessity to perfor ...
Flatworms - atlundkvist
Flatworms - atlundkvist

... _ganglia_ or groups of nerve cells, in their _head_ region but they lack anything that can really be called a _brain_. 26. The muscles of the roundworms run in strips down the _length_of their body _walls_. 27._Ascaris_ is a parasitic roundworm that lives in humans. Adult ascarid worms live in the _ ...
Dynamic Organization of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cell Nuclei
Dynamic Organization of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cell Nuclei

... times during S-phase (Nakayasu and Berezney, 1989; van Dierendonck et al., 1989) as well as within defined regions of the three-dimensional space of the nucleus (Fox et al ., 1991) . In addition, initial EM studies of immunogoldlabeled incorporated BrdU in mammalian nuclei during S-phase have identi ...
Interferon Gamma-Treated Keratinocytes Activate T Cells in the
Interferon Gamma-Treated Keratinocytes Activate T Cells in the

... in 0.025% (wIv) trypsin and 0.01 % (w Iv) EDTA in PBS and seeded in new petri dishes. Keratinocytes were used for assay after three to five passages. MHC class II molecules were induced on keratinocytes by interferon (IFN)-g (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA) used at a final concentration of 1000 u/ml for 48 ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a

... Fig. 1. Panels A and B. Possible phylogenetic relationships between eukaryotes and archaea. A. Eukaryotes and Archaea are each monophyletic. B. Eukaryotes as a derived group emerging within the Archaea. The specific topology shown is the Eocyte tree. Note that, under the Eocyte hypothesis, Eukaryot ...
Perturbation of Polyamine Catabolism Can Strongly Affect Root
Perturbation of Polyamine Catabolism Can Strongly Affect Root

... and sloughed root cap cells of maize and Arabidopsis seedlings, respectively, suggests their potential involvement, as H2O2-delivering sources, in PCD of both cell types. Thus it is evident that both PA anabolism and catabolism through either cell autonomous and nonautonomous pathways may mediate ph ...
Anti-bacteria and In Vivo Tumor Treatment by Reactive Oxygen
Anti-bacteria and In Vivo Tumor Treatment by Reactive Oxygen

... rpm for 5 min after 1 h treatments, the supernatant was removed and E. coli was dispersed into the solution of PI (10 g/mL) for 10 min. And then fluorescence microscope was employed to investigate the membranous permeability of E. coli under different treatments. The optimal concentration of MNPs a ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... has been observed in some strains of Beneckea. These tubular membrane projections were often beaded to a variable degree. Transmission electron microscopy data revealed that tubular projections were evaginations of the outer membrane of the cell wall (Allen & Baumann, 1971). Membranous tubulovesicul ...
Melanocytes and melanogenesis - Our Dermatology Online journal
Melanocytes and melanogenesis - Our Dermatology Online journal

... specific cells (melanoblasts) migrate from the neural crest into the basal epithelium of the epidermis, hair bulbs of the skin and specific areas of the eye, ear and brain. There are 3 types, viz.eumelanosome, pheomelanin, neuromelanin. They have special staining methods: antigens as well as antibod ...
Tracheary element evolution
Tracheary element evolution

... xylem vessels and narrower trachieds in the xylem. Both systems are associated with parenchymatous elements, and both are relatively delicate structures. It is now more than 160 years since, for example, the publication of Hartig’s descriptions of the bark of trees. There is much new information con ...
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell

... Nitric oxide (NO) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free radical and an important signaling molecule in animals. In plants, NO influences aspects of growth and development, and can affect plant responses to stress. In some cases, the effects of NO are the result of its interaction with reactive oxygen ...
1 METT-10, A Putative Methyltransferase, Inhibits Germ
1 METT-10, A Putative Methyltransferase, Inhibits Germ

... From early development to later life, tissues are formed from and maintained by stem cell populations. Stem cells have the unique ability to give rise to both differentiated cell types and self-renewing daughters, and must regulate the choice between the two. A balance between proliferation and diff ...
< 1 ... 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 ... 1638 >

Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report