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Homeostasis and Cellular Transport Cell Membrane A phospholipid
Homeostasis and Cellular Transport Cell Membrane A phospholipid

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... becoming a new set of cell genes called a prophage. When the host cell divides, this new gene is replicated and passed to new cells. This causes no harm to the cell, but may alter its traits. Now there are two possibilities: The prophage survives as a permanent part of the DNA of the host organism. ...
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... organelle, a vacuole, that differs from an animal cell vacuole in function and size. Plant cells have a rigid support structure on the outside of the cell membrane called a cell wall. The cell wall also provides protection. In addition, plant cells are very important because they can make their own ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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