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Biology
Biology

... Passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove wastes is called filtration. The filtration of blood mainly takes place in the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a small network of capillaries encased in the top of the nephron by a hollow, cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule. Slide 23 of 36 E ...
Membrane transport
Membrane transport

... around the two central asparagines and the partially positively charged a-helix dipoles, known as the NPA region. Recent results indicate that the main barrier to proton transfer is not caused by interruption of the hydrogen-bonded water chain, as had previously been speculated, but rather by an ele ...
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for

... between pro-death and anti-death pathways is established. ROS production and cell death are promoted via EDS1 and AtrbohD, while antioxidant defenses that prevent oxidative stress are mediated by LSD1 and SA. The default response favors resistance, in contrast to the EDS1-NUDT7 interaction in the le ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Until very recently, the accepted model for NC cell migration was based on the fact that NC cells were mesenchymal and highly migratory cells facing permissive areas containing extracellular matrix (ECM) and restrictive areas defined by negative cues present in the local environment. Consequently, NC ...
Transcranial Doppler in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia
Transcranial Doppler in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

... c. If patient is restless or uncomfortable on their side, the suboccipital exam can be performed with patient in sitting position, arms crossed and supported by stretcher or bedside table, head resting on arms so that neck is supported and relaxed, providing access to foramen magnum. This position s ...
Daily TAKS Connection: DNA
Daily TAKS Connection: DNA

... BIO(10): The student knows that, at all levels of nature, living systems are found within other living systems, each with its own boundary and limits. The student is expected to: (A) Interpret the functions of systems in organisms including circulatory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, i ...
PDF
PDF

... cellulose. Many herbivorous animals, such as cows, have specialized bacteria in their stomachs that produce the enzymes to break these bonds. Human, lack this enzyme, and can’t digest grass! In contrast, the glucose monomers in cellulose and starch are held together by alpha (1Æ 4) Dglucose linkages ...
Lecture 1 Cell Biology
Lecture 1 Cell Biology

... Prepared by Mayssa Ghannoum ...
Lethality of radioisotopes in early mouse embryos
Lethality of radioisotopes in early mouse embryos

... label. This was achieved by the addition of non-radioactive methionine to the culture medium. Results of such an experiment are shown in Table 1. It is clear that survival can indeed be increased by lowering the specific activity to 002 Ci/mmol. Furthermore, it could be shown, in separate experiment ...
Cardiovascular System for 2015 CC
Cardiovascular System for 2015 CC

... 1)The Pulmonary Loop is when the deoxygenated blood goes from the heart along the pulmonary artery through the lungs. Whilst in the lungs the blood becomes oxygenated blood and then travels back along the pulmonary vein to the heart 2) The Systemic Loop is when the oxygenated blood goes from th ...
Managing the Aging Process
Managing the Aging Process

... How to Interpret Results ...
Protective Effect of Sulforaphane against Dopaminergic Cell Death
Protective Effect of Sulforaphane against Dopaminergic Cell Death

... Reactive Oxygen Species Assay. The level of ROS was determined by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy. For flow cytometry analysis, CATH.a cells cultured on 60-mm dishes were incubated in medium containing 10 ␮M DCFH-DA for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. After washing in PBS, th ...
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin

... enhanced integrin–ECM interactions and increased ECM production. As the matrix assumes a more 3D character, cell morphology becomes more bipolar or stellate, at least partly as a result of increased engagement of receptors on the dorsal cell surface. ...
Cardiovascular System for 2015 CC
Cardiovascular System for 2015 CC

... 1)The Pulmonary Loop is when the deoxygenated blood goes from the heart along the pulmonary artery through the lungs. Whilst in the lungs the blood becomes oxygenated blood and then travels back along the pulmonary vein to the heart 2) The Systemic Loop is when the oxygenated blood goes from th ...
The Aromatic-L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitor Carbidopa Is
The Aromatic-L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitor Carbidopa Is

... Fig. 3 A, Western analysis of AAAD in NCI-H727 carcinoid cells. Upper numbers, the quantity of homogenate protein per sample (␮g). Data represent one of triplicate experiments. B, time course of carbidopa effect on NCI-H727 carcinoid cell number. Cells (50,000/plate) were incubated at 37° with carbi ...
In plants which portion occurs transpiration?
In plants which portion occurs transpiration?

... Lloyd’s theory Lloyd (1908) introduced this theory. He proved that opening & closing stomata depend on the variation of osmotic pressure and interchange of starch & sugar is the cause of that. Insoluble starch in guard cell Exosmosis of water ...
Expression of Growth Factor Receptors in
Expression of Growth Factor Receptors in

... IL-3 at the dosage added in E and G cultures (data not shown). To assay the binding of anti-jt3 MoAb in Mo culture, cells were first (1) washed twice in neutral PBS, treated with 1 mL of cold PBS (titrated to pH 3.0 with HCI) for 1 minute at 4°C to remove the large majority of surface-bound FL, wash ...
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of

... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
function of the circulatory system (1)
function of the circulatory system (1)

... and the brain; and stays in your body for years. Formaldehyde - A colorless pungent gas used in solution as a disinfectant and preservative. It causes cancer; damages your lungs, skin and digestive system. Embalmers use it to preserve dead bodies. Lead - A heavy bluish-gray metallic chemical element ...
Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer
Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer

... expressed in nontumor, “host” tissue cells. Because B7x is expressed in the lung, we used a B7x knockout (B7x2/2) mouse and 4T1, a B7x negative lung metastasis model, and found that B7x2/2 mice had reduced lung metastasis, more potent effector immune responses, and fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs), ...
cell cycle pp
cell cycle pp

... regulated by a molecular control system  The frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell  These differences result from regulation at the molecular level  Cancer cells manage to escape the usual controls on the cell cycle ...
Acid-Base balance: overview
Acid-Base balance: overview

... processes are not removed or buffered, the body’s pH would drop Significant drops in pH interferes with cell ...
Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells
Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells

... handling of ACoHcy in vivo is underscored by the observation that high levels of AdoHey are present in serum of mice injected with ara-A (Helland & ueland, unpublished). Both adenosine and high concentrations of hcm:x:ysteine protect intracellular AdoHcy hydrolase in hepatocytes against inactivation ...
PDF
PDF

... another attribute shared by most pseudostratified epithelia (Haigo et al., 2003; Hildebrand, 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2007; Nishimura and Takeichi, 2008; Taylor et al., 2008). The exact nature of cell shape and cell polarity in the early intestine also impacts our interpretation of the me ...
Introduction Of Respiratory Physiology By Prof Samia Jawed 02
Introduction Of Respiratory Physiology By Prof Samia Jawed 02

... First, up to 2.5 liters of air are rapidly inspired. Second, the epiglottis closes, and the vocal cords shut tightly to entrap the air within the lungs. Third, the abdominal muscles contract forcefully, pushing against the diaphragm while other expiratory muscles, such as the internal intercostals, ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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