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1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology
1.2 Unifying Themes of Biology

... • A system is an organized group of interacting parts. – A cell is a system of chemicals and processes. – A body system includes organs that interact. – An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that interact. ...
pregnancy - Holy Family Catholic Regional Division No. 37
pregnancy - Holy Family Catholic Regional Division No. 37

... – Historically, penicillin has been used to treat gonorrhea, but in the last decade, four types of antibiotic resistance have emerged. – New antibiotics or combinations of drugs must be used to treat these penicillin resistant strains. ...
Circulatory system - Frank`s Hospital Workshop
Circulatory system - Frank`s Hospital Workshop

... air and that they were for transport of air. The Greek physician, Herophilus, distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the pulse was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist Erasistratus observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomeno ...
mutant alleles of polymitotic that disrupt the cell cycle
mutant alleles of polymitotic that disrupt the cell cycle

... Fig. 2. Abnormal microtubule arrays and chromatin morphology in po tetrads. (A and B) Double-stained po meiocytes (stained as described in Fig. 1) show abnormal chromatin morphology (A), and phragmoplast (B, large arrow) in telophase II and unevenly distributed nuclear associated microtubules (B, sm ...
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce

... What type of response do the immunocompetent cells in transplanted bone marrow mount against the tissue into which they have been transplanted? a. b. c. d. ...
Quantum Dots
Quantum Dots

... • Capacitatively-coupled gates allow electrons to be forced into one configuration or the other • Capacitatively-coupled electrometers allow position of electrons, and thus bit state, to be read ...
Slide 1 - NGHS
Slide 1 - NGHS

... • Sexes are separate. • Gonads produced by special regions in peritoneum in each sex. • Fertilization usually external. • Early cleavage and trochophore stages similar to annelids. ...
Overview of the Circulatory Pathways
Overview of the Circulatory Pathways

... exchanged between blood and systemic tissues through the thin capillary walls. After the blood gets rid of oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide, it usually travels through a single capillary before entering a systemic venule. The venules then transport oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from systemic ti ...
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function

... and cover the organs and body cavities within. Bone cells help to support and protect the body. Cells of the immune system fight invading bacteria. Additionally, red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. Each of these cell types plays a vital role during the growth, development, and day-to-d ...
7. Transfer of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid
7. Transfer of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid

... 6. Physical laws governing the movement of fluids through pipes affect blood flow and blood pressure • The observation that blood travels over a thousand time faster in the aorta than in capillaries follows from the law of continuity, describing fluid movement through pipes. • If a pipe’s diameter ...
Regulation of Proto-Oncogene and Tumor Necrosis
Regulation of Proto-Oncogene and Tumor Necrosis

... any other cell types. The present results show that a nontoxic concentration of ethanol induces a transient downregulation in expression of both the c-myc and c-myb proto-oncogenes. The finding that there was little if any effect of ethanol on actin mRNA levels supported a specific decline in c-myc ...
Chapter 3- Part 1 Cells PPT
Chapter 3- Part 1 Cells PPT

... Macrophage- has many lysosomes that help digest bacteria and viruses; important cell in the immune system ...
G5LSD Lesson 3 – All Systems Go
G5LSD Lesson 3 – All Systems Go

... The digestive tract is dependent upon the respiratory system, because your digestive tract functions by using muscular contractions to break up food and move it along the tract. Smooth muscle in the stomach churns food into a liquid, and contractions of the intestine move food through the system. Th ...
Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post
Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post

... RSV-specific CD8 T cell responses play a key role in the control of infection and in the maintenance of antiviral immunity [2,3,14]. This was most convincingly shown by T cell subset depletion experiments in cattle and mice [14,15]. Depletion of CD8 T cells in gnotobiotic calves resulted in more pro ...
glycolytic and associated enzymes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus
glycolytic and associated enzymes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus

... Enzyme activities in each red cell sample were determined in duplicate assays at 340 nm using a Gilford UV-VIS recording spectrophotometer. The assays were performed at 20° C so that maximal activity determinations were made within, and at the upper end of, the tolerated temperature range of this an ...
Earthworm Lab Preview
Earthworm Lab Preview

... Brain – very difficult to see; near segment 2. ...
Lab 7. Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems: How Do Activity
Lab 7. Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems: How Do Activity

... humans and animals, scientists have identified several different body systems. Body systems are very organized groups of cells that serve specific functions that allow organisms to live. Although these systems are basically large groups of cells, those cells are organized into other levels. Pieces a ...
biochem ch 37 [2-9
biochem ch 37 [2-9

... o Patients with cystinuria have genetically determined defect in transport of cystine and basic AAs (lysine, arginine, and ornithine) across brush border membranes of cells in both small intestine and renal tubules (system B0,+)  Patients don’t have symptoms of AA deficiency, in part because AAs cy ...
The co-ordination of cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis
The co-ordination of cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis

... a sequence so that the position and timing of the next incipient primordium (I1) can be predicted. Micro-inductions (red dots) were performed at the opposite side of the meristem (I2) where leaf formation/morphogenesis is not expected until after that at I1. (E) Section (7 lm) through the meristem o ...
Synthesis of a Callosic Substance during Rhizoid Differentiation in
Synthesis of a Callosic Substance during Rhizoid Differentiation in

... Fig. 1 (1) Light micrograph of a new terminal cell just after cutting a filament (1a) and its fluorescence micrograph (1b). Wavelength of excitation light was 330–380 nm. The distal end of the cell was not stained with aniline blue. Red fluorescence originated from chlorophyll. Bar = 50 mm. (2) Fluo ...
Stage 1 – Desired Results
Stage 1 – Desired Results

... and forth makes sounds. Vocal cords are relaxed and far apart from each other when you make low sounds and they are stretched tight and closer together when you make high sounds. Your lips, tongue, teeth, and throat muscles shape the sounds into words. You breathe out as you speak. The harder you br ...
Biology
Biology

... It is an obvious idea—in fact, it’s how nature disposes of trees after they die! Yet before researchers at the University of Michigan tried it, no one had paired a bacterium with a fungus to make cellulosebased biofuel saprotrophically. The team took Trichoderma reesei, a fungus widely known for its ...
STK31 maintains the undifferentiated state of colon cancer cells
STK31 maintains the undifferentiated state of colon cancer cells

... with knocked-down STK31 became significantly more flattened and spread out on culture dish upon cell confluence as indicated by the average area taken up by a cell (P < 0.01; Figure 2B). The flattened morphology could not be attributed to the increase in cell size as indicated by flow cytometric ana ...
16 | THE BODY`S SYSTEMS
16 | THE BODY`S SYSTEMS

... Animals conserve or dissipate heat in a variety of ways. Endothermic animals have some form of insulation. They have fur, fat, or feathers. Animals with thick fur or feathers create an insulating layer of air between their skin and internal organs. Polar bears and seals live and swim in a subfreezin ...
Precise control of plant stem cell activity through parallel regulatory
Precise control of plant stem cell activity through parallel regulatory

... The columella allows the analysis of higher-level coordination of division and differentiation, as it contains four apparently distinct cells types (including the QC) in a regular and stable arrangement (Fig. 1A,B). The QC undergoes periodic periclinal divisions (OrtegaMartínez et al., 2007), in whi ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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