Download Cardiovascular System for 2015 CC

CardiovascularSystem
Anatomy,PhysiologyandEnergySystems
ChristineCalder
[email protected]
Cardiovascularsystem
• Organsystem
• Passesnutrients,gases,hormones,bloodto
andfromcellsinthebodyto
• Fightdisease
• Stabilizebodytemperature
• MaintenanceofHomeostasis
CardioVascular System
Comprisesofwhat?
• Heart,bloodvesselsand
blood
Bloodvesselsare
• Arteries,arterioles,
capillaries,venules and
veins
Bloodvessels
BloodVesselsConsistof;
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
(www.bbc.co.uk) [Accessed 15/1/2016]
ArteriesandVeins
Arteriesareblood
vesselsthatcarry
bloodawayfrom
theheart
Allarteries,withthe
exceptionofthe
pulmonaryand
umbilicalarteries,
carryoxygenated
blood.
(www.startmeupperpersonaltraining.com)[Accessed12/1/2016]
SystemicArteries
All systemic arteries carry
oxygenated blood
Examplesinclude:
Aorta,Carotid,Hepatic
(www.wisegeek.com) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
TypesofArteries
CoronaryArteries
TheCoronaryarteries
provideonlytheheartwith
blood,oxygenandnutrients
(www.biology.about.com) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
PulmonaryArtery
(en.Wikipedia.org) [Accessed 15/1/2016]
The Pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated
blood from heart to lungs
The pulmonary and umbilical arteries are the only
arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
Arterioles
Thearterywallsaretoo
thicktoallowallofthe
nutrients&oxygentopass
throughthemintobody
tissue.
Arteriesarebrokendown
intoarterioleswhichare
furtherbrokendowninto
capillaries– thisiswhere
theoxygenandnutrients
aretransferred
(www.biosbcc.net) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
PreCapillary Sphinctors
(www.biosbcc.net) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
Note that arterioles contain
precapillary sphincters.
These sphincters are made with
smooth muscle and stop
too much blood flowing in to
the delicate capillaries
Venules andVeins
Venules takethebloodaway
fromthecapillaries.Venules
arelargerthanthecapillariesbut
smallerthantheveins.Venules join
Capillariestoveins
(www.biosbcc.net) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
Veinsarebloodvesselsthatcarrybloodtowardtheheart.Most
veinscarrydeoxygenated bloodfromthetissuesbacktothe
heart;
Exceptionsarethepulmonaryandumbilicalveins,bothof
whichcarryoxygenated blood.
ValvesinVeins
Veins transport deoxygenated blood from tissue back to
the heart. Valves are present in veins to stop the blood from
flowing backwards.
(www.health.Harvard.edu) [Accessed 12/1/2016]
Differencesbetweenarteriesandveins
• Arteriesreceiveblooddirectlyfromhearttheycan
withstandimmensepressureduetothefactthat
• Arterieshavethick,elasticmuscularwalls
• Veinshavethinslightlymuscularwall
• Arterieshavenovalves
• Veinshavevalves
• Arterialbloodbrightredasitcontainslotsofoxygen
(exceptpulmonary– hearttolungs)
• Venousbloodblue-redasitcontainsverylittle
oxygen(exceptpulmonary– lungstoheart)
Blood
Whatdoesblooddo?
Transportation ofoxygen
• carbondioxide
• nutrients
• wasteproducts
• hormones
• otherrequiredsubstances
aroundthebody
(www.telegraph.co.uk) [Accessed 13/1/2016]
Blood
Whatelsedoesblooddo?
Regulates
• Aciditylevels
• Temperature
• Bodyfluidlevels
(www.teachpe.com) [Accessed13/1/2016]
Blood
The3rd thingthatblood
doesis
Protection
• Againstinfection
• Againstdisease
• Againstbloodloss
BloodCells
Bloodismadeupof3typesof
cells
• RedBloodCells(RBC)are
alsoknownaserythrocytes
andcarryoxygenaround
thebody
• WhiteBloodCells(WBC)are
alsoknownasleukocytes.
Thesearecellsofthe
immunesystemandprotect
againstinfection
• Plateletsarealsoknownas
thrombocytesandare
involvedinbloodclotting
andwoundhealing
BloodCells
Allbloodcells(RBC,WBC
andplatelets)are
suspendedinbloodplasma
• Plasmaismostlywater
• Plasmaaccountsfor7kg
ofbodyweight
(www.mhhe.com) [Accessed 13/1/2016]
Circulation&theHeart
Intraventricular Septum
(www.wikipedia.com) [Accessed 15/2/2016]
Circulation&theHeart
Theheartisalargemuscle
poweredpumpwhich;
• Pumps5litres ofblood
perminuteatrest
• Pumps30litres during
exercise
• Isdividedinto4chambers
- Rightandleftatrium
- Rightandleftventricles
Intraventricular Septum
CirculationandtheHeart
Betweentheatriumand
ventricleoneachsideare
valveswhichcloseto
preventbloodinthe
ventricleflowingbackinto
theatrium
• Tricuspidvalve
• Pulmonaryvalve
• Mitralvalve
• Aorticvalve
Findtheseonthediagram
Intraventricular Septum
Circulationofbloodthroughthebody
TheSuperiorvenacava
collectsdeoxygenated
blood fromtheupperbody
TheInferiorvenacava
collectsdeoxygenated
blood fromlowerbody
BothVenaCavas enterthe
RightAtrium
Intraventricular Septum
Circulationofbloodthroughthebody
TheRightAtriumcontracts
and
deoxygenatedBlood is
pumpedintorightventricle,
thenintopulmonaryartery.
Thepulmonaryarterythen
takesthedeoxygenated
bloodtotherightandleft
lungswheretheblood
becomesoxygenated.
Intraventricular Septum
Circulationofbloodthroughthebody
Theheartbeatsandthe
oxygenatedbloodmoves
fromtheleftatriuminto
theleftventricle.
Thenextstageisthe
oxygenatedbloodnow
movesthroughtheaorta
andouttomanyareasinthe
bodyagain.
Intraventricular Septum
Circulationofbloodthroughthebody
PulmonaryArtery delivers
deoxygenatedbloodfrom
theheart tothelungs
PulmonaryVeindelivers
oxygenatedblood from
thelungs toheart
Intraventricular Septum
Circulation
Itispossiblyeasiesttothinkofthecirculationofbloodin
thebodyashaving2loops.
1)ThePulmonaryLoopiswhenthedeoxygenatedblood
goesfromtheheartalongthepulmonaryarterythrough
thelungs.Whilstinthelungsthebloodbecomes
oxygenatedbloodandthentravelsbackalongthe
pulmonaryveintotheheart
2)TheSystemicLoopiswhentheoxygenatedbloodgoes
fromtheheartthroughAorta andouttotherestofthe
body.Afterthebodyusesuptheoxygenthethen
deoxygenatedblood travelsthroughveinsbacktotheheart
Stagesoftheheartbeat
Whentheheartbeatsthereare4differentphases
Atrialdiastole(Whenthe
musclesoftheatriumrelax)
Ventriculardiastole(Whenthe
musclesoftheventriclesrelax)
Diastole– heartchambersfilling
whileheartrelaxes
Stagesoftheheartbeat
Whentheheartbeatsthereare4different
phases
Atrialsystole– whenthemusclesof
theatriumcontractforcingbloodin
totheventricles
Ventricularsystole– whenthe
musclesoftheventriclescontract
forcingbloodeitheraroundthebody
ortothelungs
Systole– emptyingwhenheartcontractsandforcesblood
fromonepartofthehearttoanother
CVadaptationstoexercise
Theheartisa
musclethatcan
betrained
similarlyto
skeletalmuscle.
Theheartcan
alsoexperience
hypertrophy
The hypertrophic adaptations can do the following;
- Enlargement of the heart muscle
- Improve the efficiency of the muscles to extract oxygen from the blood
VascularShunt
AVascularshuntusuallyoccurs
whenapersonsufferssomeform
oftrauma.Itmeansthatthebody
divertsbloodfromtheLiver,
KidneysandStomachtotheheart
Eachoftheseorganscanloseup
to80%ofthebloodthatnormally
flowsthroughthem