Fetal Endoderm Primarily Holds the Temporal and Positional
... and an alteration in the expression of differentiation markers at the apical side of the epithelium (Simo et al., 1992). Rodents represent an attractive model for studying intestinal ontogeny because their intestine is "immature" at birth, and is subsequently subjected to functional re-differentiati ...
... and an alteration in the expression of differentiation markers at the apical side of the epithelium (Simo et al., 1992). Rodents represent an attractive model for studying intestinal ontogeny because their intestine is "immature" at birth, and is subsequently subjected to functional re-differentiati ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
... Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... N-terminally to ToxA. The fusion protein of ;55 kD was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. As a control, and to ensure that the GFP domain of the fusion protein does not induce symptoms in wheat, an unfused version of GFP was also heterologously expressed. GFP-ToxA is a valid tool for the ...
... N-terminally to ToxA. The fusion protein of ;55 kD was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. As a control, and to ensure that the GFP domain of the fusion protein does not induce symptoms in wheat, an unfused version of GFP was also heterologously expressed. GFP-ToxA is a valid tool for the ...
The Respiratory System
... to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. 3. Transport of respiratory gases: transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body, and of carbon dioxide from the tissue cells to the lungs. This transport is accomplished by the cardiovascular system using blood as ...
... to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. 3. Transport of respiratory gases: transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body, and of carbon dioxide from the tissue cells to the lungs. This transport is accomplished by the cardiovascular system using blood as ...
Protein kinase C- modulates mitochondrial function and active Na
... epithelial cells dedifferentiate, proliferate, and eventually replace the irreversibly injured tubular epithelial cells, thus restoring tubular integrity and renal functions (28, 40). A disruption of these processes contributes to prolonged renal dysfunction. Renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) are ...
... epithelial cells dedifferentiate, proliferate, and eventually replace the irreversibly injured tubular epithelial cells, thus restoring tubular integrity and renal functions (28, 40). A disruption of these processes contributes to prolonged renal dysfunction. Renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) are ...
Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation in the UK
... Next generation DNA sequencing for allelic-level HLA typing���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 IT interoperability for donor search and provision��������������������������������������������������������������� ...
... Next generation DNA sequencing for allelic-level HLA typing���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 IT interoperability for donor search and provision��������������������������������������������������������������� ...
Regulation and mechanism of potassium release from K analysis
... NH4NO3 were seen at the intermediate [K+]ext values of 0.5 mM and 0.75 mM (not shown). The shape of the ammonium-stimulated 42K+ efflux trace differed between the 0.1 mM [K+]ext treatment and the others, however, in that at 0.1 mM it peaked within 2 min, then declined (Fig. 3a). By contrast, 42K+ ef ...
... NH4NO3 were seen at the intermediate [K+]ext values of 0.5 mM and 0.75 mM (not shown). The shape of the ammonium-stimulated 42K+ efflux trace differed between the 0.1 mM [K+]ext treatment and the others, however, in that at 0.1 mM it peaked within 2 min, then declined (Fig. 3a). By contrast, 42K+ ef ...
The Role of Albumin in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
... made up of water, electrolytes, minerals, and cells and travel throughout the body. They are divided into intracellular and extracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid is further divided into interstitial, transcellular, and intravascular, with blood containing the latter 2 because it contains plas ...
... made up of water, electrolytes, minerals, and cells and travel throughout the body. They are divided into intracellular and extracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid is further divided into interstitial, transcellular, and intravascular, with blood containing the latter 2 because it contains plas ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI VacA, A PARADIGM FOR TOXIN
... possess multiple biochemical activities, each of which results in a different cellular effect. Finally, a toxin could produce disparate effects on different cell types, either through a single mechanism of action that results in different consequences in different cell types or through multiple cell ...
... possess multiple biochemical activities, each of which results in a different cellular effect. Finally, a toxin could produce disparate effects on different cell types, either through a single mechanism of action that results in different consequences in different cell types or through multiple cell ...
Scrotum and Testes
... •Varicoceles are a dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus veins in the spermatic cord or the epididymis .Most varicoceles are primary and affect adolescents and young adults. They usually involve the left side, a finding attributed to the drainage pattern of the more tortuous left inter ...
... •Varicoceles are a dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus veins in the spermatic cord or the epididymis .Most varicoceles are primary and affect adolescents and young adults. They usually involve the left side, a finding attributed to the drainage pattern of the more tortuous left inter ...
How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature
... shape easily in the hydrodynamic flow allows them to navigate within various blood vessels with varying flow rates. The plasma membranes of cells that have internal membranes undergo radical shape transformations when they develop intercellular contacts, or spread and move on a substrate4. Even more ...
... shape easily in the hydrodynamic flow allows them to navigate within various blood vessels with varying flow rates. The plasma membranes of cells that have internal membranes undergo radical shape transformations when they develop intercellular contacts, or spread and move on a substrate4. Even more ...
hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide as part of the
... (ONOO-) which itself can act as a cellular signal7. Therefore, the interplay between these compounds suggests that they might modulate the generation or removal of each other. For example, NO may influence the levels of antioxidants in cells and therefore alter the accumulation of ROS, and any resu ...
... (ONOO-) which itself can act as a cellular signal7. Therefore, the interplay between these compounds suggests that they might modulate the generation or removal of each other. For example, NO may influence the levels of antioxidants in cells and therefore alter the accumulation of ROS, and any resu ...
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline MgO and Its Use
... lized by annealing at 600 C, and their antibacterial effect was examined. Magnesium oxide prepared through an aerogel procedure (AP-MgO) yields square and polyhedral shaped nanoparticles with diameters that vary slightly around 4 nm, arranged in an extensive porous structure with considerable pore ...
... lized by annealing at 600 C, and their antibacterial effect was examined. Magnesium oxide prepared through an aerogel procedure (AP-MgO) yields square and polyhedral shaped nanoparticles with diameters that vary slightly around 4 nm, arranged in an extensive porous structure with considerable pore ...
CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF BK VIRUS REPLICATION
... suggesting that archetype viruses are limited in replication ability by their lower production of TAg. Overall, our findings will help us to better understand BKV persistence in healthy individuals and reactivation in immunocompromised patients. ...
... suggesting that archetype viruses are limited in replication ability by their lower production of TAg. Overall, our findings will help us to better understand BKV persistence in healthy individuals and reactivation in immunocompromised patients. ...
Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases
... oxygen deprivation was able to depolarize the membrane potential rapidly (Teakle et al. 2013, Zeng et al. 2014). It has to be mentioned that the functional PM H+-ATPase is a key element in maintaining the membrane potential, which could also regulate the internal pH and membrane energization for the ...
... oxygen deprivation was able to depolarize the membrane potential rapidly (Teakle et al. 2013, Zeng et al. 2014). It has to be mentioned that the functional PM H+-ATPase is a key element in maintaining the membrane potential, which could also regulate the internal pH and membrane energization for the ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... Taken together, the images presented in Figs 1 and 2 indicate that Kv2.1 expression significantly remodels the cER and greatly enhances the surface area of ER–plasma-membrane junctions. Kv2.1 cluster formation and cER remodeling occur simultaneously ...
... Taken together, the images presented in Figs 1 and 2 indicate that Kv2.1 expression significantly remodels the cER and greatly enhances the surface area of ER–plasma-membrane junctions. Kv2.1 cluster formation and cER remodeling occur simultaneously ...
Neuromodulation of Transduction and Signal
... observed a different outcome. Namely, they showed that injecting 5HT subepithelially into the tongue in frogs also increased spontaneous activity from the glossopharyngeal nerve. However in their experiments, this produced heightened taste responses, especially to glucose, but also to NaCl, quinine ...
... observed a different outcome. Namely, they showed that injecting 5HT subepithelially into the tongue in frogs also increased spontaneous activity from the glossopharyngeal nerve. However in their experiments, this produced heightened taste responses, especially to glucose, but also to NaCl, quinine ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclear. Experimental evidence in in vitro systems indicates that the establishment of a cell cycle arrest enables HIV-1 to optimize virus production and cripple the immune response, thus facilitating the persistence of the virus within the infe ...
... arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclear. Experimental evidence in in vitro systems indicates that the establishment of a cell cycle arrest enables HIV-1 to optimize virus production and cripple the immune response, thus facilitating the persistence of the virus within the infe ...
About the Guide - American Chemical Society
... Seventy-two of these compounds are made by bacteria, while 1,453 come from the body itself. Another 2,282 come from diet, drugs, cosmetics or environmental exposure (some compounds belong to more than one group). … The complete list of all metabolites that can be detected in human urine using curren ...
... Seventy-two of these compounds are made by bacteria, while 1,453 come from the body itself. Another 2,282 come from diet, drugs, cosmetics or environmental exposure (some compounds belong to more than one group). … The complete list of all metabolites that can be detected in human urine using curren ...
Aerosol Delivery Devices in the Treatment of Asthma
... vision for hospitalized patients. A short nebulization time that delivers an effective dose is desirable. A fill volume of 4 –5 mL is recommended, unless the nebulizer is specifically designed for a smaller or larger fill volume.14 The volume of some unit-dose medications is suboptimal. Ideally, sal ...
... vision for hospitalized patients. A short nebulization time that delivers an effective dose is desirable. A fill volume of 4 –5 mL is recommended, unless the nebulizer is specifically designed for a smaller or larger fill volume.14 The volume of some unit-dose medications is suboptimal. Ideally, sal ...
Contribution of microtubule growth polarity and flux to spindle
... or perpendicular to the spindle axis (xt-plot, Fig. 3A), from the time-lapse measurements (xyt). Visual inspection of movies and these constructed kymographs revealed that metaphase plant chromosomes (seen as a negative stain) maintained their positions without appreciable movements in x or y direct ...
... or perpendicular to the spindle axis (xt-plot, Fig. 3A), from the time-lapse measurements (xyt). Visual inspection of movies and these constructed kymographs revealed that metaphase plant chromosomes (seen as a negative stain) maintained their positions without appreciable movements in x or y direct ...
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell
... Yin et al. 2007). It is 110–200 nm wide, as estimated from transmission electron micrographs and by using an atomic force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi ...
... Yin et al. 2007). It is 110–200 nm wide, as estimated from transmission electron micrographs and by using an atomic force microscope to detect surface accessibility of “molecular rulers” consisting of versions of the plasma membrane sensor Wsc1 with different lengths (Dupres et al. 2010; Yamaguchi ...
Looking at Kaposi`s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus–host
... Viral gene products regulate host miRNA expression through gene alteration, transcription regulation or processing, directly or indirectly. In some cases they even modulate the function of host miRNAs. When herpesviruses establish long-term latency in the host cells, virus-specific host miRNAs expres ...
... Viral gene products regulate host miRNA expression through gene alteration, transcription regulation or processing, directly or indirectly. In some cases they even modulate the function of host miRNAs. When herpesviruses establish long-term latency in the host cells, virus-specific host miRNAs expres ...
Liposomal Formulations for Nucleic Acid Delivery
... An ideal delivery system would be one that is transiently shielded upon administration, facilitating delivery to the target site, yet becomes increasingly charged and fusogenic as it reaches the target cell. PEG lipids partially address this challenge. PEG–lipid conjugates are readily incorporated i ...
... An ideal delivery system would be one that is transiently shielded upon administration, facilitating delivery to the target site, yet becomes increasingly charged and fusogenic as it reaches the target cell. PEG lipids partially address this challenge. PEG–lipid conjugates are readily incorporated i ...