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The Significance of Low bcl-2 Expression by CD45RO T Cells in No
The Significance of Low bcl-2 Expression by CD45RO T Cells in No

... way in which activated T cells may be selected for survival. It has been shown that T lymphocytosis, especially within the CD8 + subset, is induced by acute viral infections and these cells are activated and enter the proliferative cycle in vivo (13-15). However, CD4 § and CD8 + cell numbers rapidly ...
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... • Carotid endarterectomy – Removal of an atheroma from an obstructed carotid artery; the obstruction is usually at the carotid artery bifurcation – Procedure increases cerebral perfusion and decreases risk of embolization and consequent stroke ...
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... Cells and Life Processes  To identify an organism by using the seven characteristics of living things.  To distinguish between animals and plants by the way they get their food.  To distinguish animal from plant cell and to describe the functions of the cell structures.  To be familiar with a mi ...
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels

... assimilates are used as the building blocks for wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. One of the first enzymes that utilizes the newly fixed carbon is sucrose synthase (SuSy), which converts sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose. Recently, it has been shown that overexpressing SuSy in poplar leads to a ...
Directions for Use HistoChoice® MB (Molecular Biology) Tissue
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... stem cell populations, the heart does not appear to retain equivalent reserve cell populations to promote myofiber repair. The inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide to a significant extent and regenerate the myocardium after injury leads to permanent deficits in the number of functional cells ...
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... of mature cultures for mitogenic activity on susceptible human and rabbit cells. No mitogenic activity was observed at any concentration, providing strong evidence that these strains do not secrete superantigenic toxins, or indeed any other mitogenic substance. An alternative mechanism for induction ...
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... An example of a feedback mechanism in the human circulatory system would be the increase in heart rate and respiratory rate which occurs in response to increased exercise or other increased muscle cell activity. Heart rate is controlled via a bio-feedback loop in which special receptors located in t ...
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... remember: Arteries go Away!) These blood vessels have thick walls, but they are very elastic. They can expand and contract as the blood is pumped into them and then moves on. The arteries nearest your heart are the largest. As they get further and further from your heart, they become smaller and sma ...
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... long-lived cells are the stem cells, and so, the mtDNA mutations must be occurring and being fixed in these cells, strongly indicating a role for mtDNA mutations in stem cell aging. In the aging, human colon mtDNA mutations and respiratory chain deficiency have been associated with an altered cellul ...
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... the opposite direction to the blood flow, where it enters a branch of the bile duct • The rows of hepatocytes are never more than two cells thick, so that each cell is close to the blood in the sinusoids ...
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... Models of venation formation in response to auxin Two biologically plausible hypotheses have been proposed to explain how veins are formed. The first one, named the canalization hypothesis (Sachs, 1981), was based on a series of careful experiments (Sachs, 1981). It predicts that as auxin flows thro ...
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... notype using monoclonal antibodies (Lobb The host range of the genus Cryptobia and Clem, 1982; Lobb et al, 1984; Ellsaser appears to be somewhat restricted. This et al., 1985). Cytofluorographic examina- hemoflagellate has been found in 28 species tion of these labeled cells revealed that 40% of fis ...
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... organization, which is visible even without magnification, is the “structured colony,” so termed because it contains striations on its surface (1, 66). These striations sometimes form a spokelike pattern radiating from the center, a series of concentric rings, or a random distribution over the surfa ...
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16 Chapter

... If you were going to go on a three day survival trip and could take food or water but not both, which should you take? ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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