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... (Fig. 4A). Occasional apical-lateral junctions between adjacent luminal cells could be distinguished (Fig. 4A). The basal cells surrounding the ducts contained microfllaments, 5-8 nm in diameter, with focal dense areas within their cytoplasm (Fig. 4B). Hemidesmosomal attachments to the basement memb ...
Origin of Metazoa E
Origin of Metazoa E

... animal (Protozoa) in nature. Ernst Haeckel (1866) called them protista which may be defined as organisms, usually of small size, consisting of a nuclear apparatus (no definite nucleus, one nucleus or many nuclei) in a cytoplasmic body which is not divided into cells. With an increase in complexity o ...
Cells 1.2
Cells 1.2

... • The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. • It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. • It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell ...
Acc_Bio_Sem2_FERP
Acc_Bio_Sem2_FERP

...  have an improved nutritional value (added genes to rice)  are resistant to drought  produce their own insecticides ...
Uptake and presentation of hepatitis C virus–like
Uptake and presentation of hepatitis C virus–like

... HCV-specific CD8⫹ T-cell responses were studied in a 75-year-old chronically HCV-infected patient (HCV genotype 1) by a comprehensive enzyme-linked immunospot assay using 441 overlapping peptides (18mers, overlapping by 11 aa’s) spanning the whole HCV genotype 1 polyprotein (NIH AIDS Research and Re ...
developmental kidney diseases
developmental kidney diseases

...  The nature of congenital and developmental kidney disorders often prevents specific treatment  Supportive or symptomatic treatment may improve quality of life and minimize progression in patients with kidney dysfunction  Treatment options are based on clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic tes ...
PDF
PDF

... of predentine. In 17-day-old tooth germs odontoblast differentiation was inhibited in half of the explants whereas in the rest predentine had been secreted in the cuspal area. We suggest that the cuspal cells had already been determined in vivo prior to the explantation although histological differe ...
Urinalysis
Urinalysis

... However, the presence of any organism in catheterized or suprapubic tap specimens should be considered significant. ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and

... During migration the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and the Golgi apparatus induces polarity in the direction of migration, resulting in polarized membrane trafficking toward the leading edge (Caswell and Norman, 2008; Caswell et al., 2009; Ulrich and Heisenberg, 2009). In d ...
1111138443_282428
1111138443_282428

... History of the Cell Theory • Proposed in 1830s by Schleiden and Schwann • Modern cell theory – Cells are smallest complete living things – All organisms are composed of one or more ...
The Electrochemical Gradient - Advanced
The Electrochemical Gradient - Advanced

... One particular ion gradient with biological significance is the proton (H+ ) gradient. This type of gradient is established through active transport involving proton pumps. The proton gradient is used during photosynthesis and cellular respiration to generate a chemiosmotic potential, or proton moti ...
neuropeptide y is a factor secreted by human endocardial
neuropeptide y is a factor secreted by human endocardial

... Very recently, we showed that NPY receptors are present in right ventricular endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and that the activation of these receptors modulate cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could b ...
Pap Testing (What is it and why do I need it?)
Pap Testing (What is it and why do I need it?)

... in the future. Detecting these abnormal cells early with a Pap test is your first step in halting the possible development of cervical cancer. A Pap test is used to screen for cervical cancer. The Pap test is usually done in conjunction with a pelvic exam. In women older than age 30, the Pap test ma ...
Secreted Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Polypeptides Are Derived from
Secreted Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Polypeptides Are Derived from

Click here to View, and Print this Notice
Click here to View, and Print this Notice

... It is part of the digestive system and produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods. The pancreas has an endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it releases juices into ducts.Enzymes, or digestive juic ...
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System

... into lobules is wrapped in elastic CT which allow for stretching when they become filled with air. ...
Understanding Lab and Imaging Tests
Understanding Lab and Imaging Tests

... • Track your health during treatment and after treatment is completed. Your physician may also order additional tests if you have multiple medical conditions (called “comorbidities”) such as heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes or other illnesses that may affect the body’s ability to fight infec ...
A High Throughput, Whole Cell Screen for Small
A High Throughput, Whole Cell Screen for Small

... or chemically induced defects in the mitotic spindle can lead to long term activation of the spindle checkpoint, whereupon cells arrest at the preanaphase stage for many hours. Many cancers show abnormal chromosome content, often being hyperdiploid. Certain lines derived from tumors have abnormal bu ...
Escherichia coli Evolutionary-conserved and Essential*
Escherichia coli Evolutionary-conserved and Essential*

... periplasmic region downstream of the first TMs is neither conserved nor essential for YidC functioning per se (23, 36). The fused Oxa1 part consists of the conserved mature Oxa1, lacking its matrix targeting sequence. The hybrid construct was named ecOxa1 for E. coli-targeted Oxa1 and was cloned und ...
CTENIDIAL STRUCTURE AND THREE BACTERIAL SYMBIONT
CTENIDIAL STRUCTURE AND THREE BACTERIAL SYMBIONT

... Phacoides pectinatus (Frenkiel et al., 1996) but we made no specific tests to confirm this. Nuclei are basal and there are few organelles except for large lyzosomes (up to 8 mm in diameter) and scattered mitochondria, the latter more common in the basal parts of the cells. The basal margins of bacteri ...
Mechanisms of size control Christopher J Potter* and
Mechanisms of size control Christopher J Potter* and

... into tumors, yet are still able to undergo some differentiation. Furthermore, homozygous lats mutant larvae are larger and contain imaginal discs that are dramatically increased in size as a result of an increase in cell numbers (Figure 2). The function of the lats genes are conserved from flies to ...
The KASH domain protein MSP-300 plays an essential role
The KASH domain protein MSP-300 plays an essential role

... then washed in PBS several times and resuspended in PBS with 1% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Blocking was performed by incubating the samples at room temperature in PBST (0.4% Triton X-100 in PBS) with 5% NGS (Normal Goat Serum, Santa Cruz) for at least 1 h. Samples were then incubated ...
SDS-PAGE Sample Loading Buffer - G
SDS-PAGE Sample Loading Buffer - G

... PREPARATION BEFORE USE The SDS may precipitate at cooler temperatures. Simply warm in a 37°C waterbath or incubator to redissolve the SDS. 2X SDS-PAGE SAMPLE LOADING BUFFER PROTOCOL ...
Listeria In Vivo Dynamic Imaging of the Effector Immune Response to Infection
Listeria In Vivo Dynamic Imaging of the Effector Immune Response to Infection

... has provided high-resolution information on the dynamic interactions that take place during immune responses in situ. Tracking of cells in real time reveals kinetic information that is lacking from static images. Intravital microscopy has been useful in understanding tissue specific responses to pat ...
Introduction
Introduction

... function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease. Human physiology is closely related to anatomy, in that an ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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