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Hitching a ride on vesicles: Cauliflower mosaic virus movement
Hitching a ride on vesicles: Cauliflower mosaic virus movement

... signals, and thus to vesicle transport, we treated protoplasts and leaf tissue transfected ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems

... Groups of Sponges, continued • The skeleton of most sponges is comprised of tiny needles made of silica or calcium called spicules. • A few sponges have a skeleton composed of a resilient, flexible protein fiber called spongin. • Modern sponges are classified according to the composition of the skel ...
Connective Tissue4_Cartilage and Bone
Connective Tissue4_Cartilage and Bone

... c. Chondrocytes are located in straight lines d. Appearance can vary with location & age e. vertebral column = "string of pearls" f. Meniscus of knee joint = "herringbone pattern" g. Fibrous can also be found in articular cartilage ...
Oedema: causes, physiology and nursing management.
Oedema: causes, physiology and nursing management.

... beds are found in all body tissues. No cell within the body is more than 50 micrometers distance from a capillary (Bray et al 1999). Smooth muscle sphincters in the arterioles supplying the capillaries control blood flow through the capillary bed. It takes blood about two seconds to pass through a c ...
Twins take the job
Twins take the job

... indicates that some conserved amino acids essential for the endonucleolytic activity have been substituted in the PIN domain of hDIS3L1. Biochemical studies with hDIS3 and hDIS3L1, purified from transiently transfected or stable cell lines, confirm that both proteins harbour exoribonucleolytic activ ...
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Circulation and Gas Exchange

... • Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance due to constriction of arterioles • Vasoconstriction is the contraction of smooth muscle in arteriole walls; it increases blood pressure • Vasodilation is the relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterioles; it causes blood pr ...
Determination and Formation of the Basic Body Pattern in Embryo of
Determination and Formation of the Basic Body Pattern in Embryo of

... central part of the egg and contains yolk organelles in the meshwork. Another special layer, the subcortical layer, lies adjacent to the periplasm. This layer seems to react sensitively to the fixing conditions, and it appears to be thicker and more distinct in the eggs fixed after removing the chor ...
Anatomy - Physiology Curriculum Map
Anatomy - Physiology Curriculum Map

... the Heart applications of *Cardiac Cycle blood typing? 3. How does blood *Blood Pressure transport materials *EKG’s throughout the *Blood Vessel Structure body? *Pulmonary Blood Flow 4. How are blood *Systemic Blood Flow pressure measurements and *Lymphatic Glands and Vessels EKG’s used to *Lymphati ...
A133 POSTER ABSTRACTS
A133 POSTER ABSTRACTS

... determined by measuring contact angles and zeta potential, respectively. The number of viable cells in the biofilm was determined in 4 h and 72 h biofilms by CFU counting’s, after appropriate culturing. Biofilm structure was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) after staining with F ...
Unit_1_revision_sheets
Unit_1_revision_sheets

... biological catalysts, and passive and active transport of substances across biological membranes. The systems described in this unit, as well as others in the body, may be affected by disease. Some of these diseases, such as cholera and tuberculosis, may be caused by microorganisms. Other noncommuni ...
Role of the spindle pole body of yeast in mediating assembly of the
Role of the spindle pole body of yeast in mediating assembly of the

... same strain. `+' denotes vegetative levels; `++' indicates an increased level of localized signal compared with vegetatively growing cells. In the cases of Mpc54p±GFP and Mpc70p±GFP (no signal in vegetative cells) the maximal signal visible is set arbitrarily to `+++'. Data about meiotic transcripti ...
Chromatin meets the cell cycle
Chromatin meets the cell cycle

... because both loading of the pre-RC and progression of the replication fork require local loosening of chromatin structure (Fig.  1). Consistent with this idea, chromatin marks play critical roles in the positioning of replication origins, the timing of replication, and the progression of the replica ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?

... outside, the cell is able to accumulate up to millimolar concentrations of the indicator inside. Though these fluors have now been used widely in many cells types their precise intracellular location has rarely been fully documented. Other complications can be ester hydrolysis, occurring extracellul ...
40_lecture_presentation
40_lecture_presentation

... internal surfaces for exchanging materials. ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
Sample pages 1 PDF

... structures constitutively, others by the action of environmental stress, and a third group is a combination of both (Garces and Sinha 2009). In vitro plant cells can undergo dedifferentiation or redifferentiation to enter a new biological program that gives rise to somatic embryos. This process has ...
Physiological Aspects Of Neuromuscular Transmission
Physiological Aspects Of Neuromuscular Transmission

... A synapse is a junction between two neurons while a NMJ exist between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber. • There is one to one transmission of action potential at a NMJ while an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron occurs only when the summation of EPSPs brings the membrane to threshol ...
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue

Chapter. 40(Animal Form and Function)
Chapter. 40(Animal Form and Function)

... internal surfaces for exchanging materials. ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Applied and Environmental Microbiology

... bacteria play a key role in host adaptation to a changing environment (17, 56). Interactions between plants and beneficial bacteria can have a profound effect on crop health and yield and soil quality (27, 56). These microorganisms can presensitize plant cell metabolism, so that upon exposure to str ...
Biology Demystified (2003)
Biology Demystified (2003)

... This book is for people who want to get acquainted with the concepts of basic biology without taking a formal course. It can serve as a supplemental text in a classroom, tutored, or home-schooling environment. It should also be useful for career changers who need to refresh their knowledge of the su ...
SMOOTH MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE

... myosin remains attached to actin for prolonged period of time. This produces sustained contraction without consuming ATP & thus enables the smooth muscle to sustain long-term maintenance of tone without fatigue. E.g. urinary bladder full of urine. ...
smooth muscle - MBBS Students Club
smooth muscle - MBBS Students Club

... myosin remains attached to actin for prolonged period of time. This produces sustained contraction without consuming ATP & thus enables the smooth muscle to sustain long-term maintenance of tone without fatigue. E.g. urinary bladder full of urine. ...
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

... with low temperature, low PCO2 and high pH • At any pO2, saturation will be higher, especially when PO2 in the 30-50 range, BUT • Leftward shift means Hb binds 02 more tightly and releases less O2 to the tissues. Additionally, • Metabolism / O2 consumption decrease w/ cooling. • Combined effect: low ...
WOX4 Promotes Procambial Development1[W][OA]
WOX4 Promotes Procambial Development1[W][OA]

... revealed WOX4 expression in the developing vascular traces of the stem and leaf primordia (Fig. 3). WOX4 transcripts are not detected in the SAM or in the newly initiated plastochron 1 (P1) leaf, tissues that are unvascularized in both Arabidopsis and tomato (Fig. 3, A, B, and D). WOX4 expression is ...
Microfluidic based Sample Preparation for Bloodstream Infections
Microfluidic based Sample Preparation for Bloodstream Infections

... intact and, what is more important alive. Viability plays an important role in determining antibiotic susceptibility. Difference in size is another well-used characteristic for sampleseparation. Inertial microfluidics can focus size-dependent particle at high flow-rates. Thus, particles of 10 µm dia ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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