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Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of
Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of

... *For correspondence (fax þ34 963544917; e-mail [email protected]). ...
Document
Document

... • Most cells are too small to be seen without a microscope. • A Few Large Cells The yolk of a chicken egg is one big cell. It can be large because it does not need to take in nutrients. • Many Small Cells Most cells are small because food and waste must pass through the cell surface. ...
UVB induced cell cycle checkpoints in an early stage
UVB induced cell cycle checkpoints in an early stage

... and also undergo both activating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites. Activation of cdk2 requires phosphorylation of threonine 160 (thr 160) which is catalyzed by cdk activating kinase (CAK) (Gu et al., 1992; Solomon and Kaldis, 1998). Phosphorylation of thr 14 and/or tyrosine ...
The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System

... 2. Loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bone or muscle. 3. Functions as padding and insulation. 4. Responsible for some of the structural differences between men and women. ...
Evolutionary Considerations of Neurotransmitters in Microbial, Plant
Evolutionary Considerations of Neurotransmitters in Microbial, Plant

... Evolutionary Considerations of Neurotransmitters in Microbial, Plant, and Animal Cells Victoria V. Roshchina ...
Chronic Renal Failure
Chronic Renal Failure

... Filtration = Movement of liquid through a membrane (like a sieve), allows only small molecules & liquids to pass through. Movement is from higher to lower pressure GFR = Glomerular Filtration Rate – amount of filtrate produced each minute Glomerulus = Filtration system of the nephron, composed of ca ...
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the

... altered transcription of genes encoding for mucin [4,5] or alteration in glycosylation of mucins [5,6]. Studies have also shown that bacterial gene expression can be altered upon exposure to mucin [7,8]. Despite its obvious importance our knowledge of how bacteria interact with mucins has lagged beh ...
PDF
PDF

... during and after sex determination. It is self-evident that an investigation of the ultrastructure of primordial germ cells, oogonia and very early oocytes is essential for a complete understanding of the events which lead to the production of the unfertilized egg. As far as is known, the only obser ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... the BSF equivalent to the FC of procyclic forms [65]. Later on in the cycle the cell will duplicate, which requires replication and segregation of all its organelles including the FP and the FP cytoskeleton. The latter includes a quartet of microtubules (4MT) also known as microtubule quartet (MTQ), ...
Lonza Group Ltd
Lonza Group Ltd

... strengthens Lonza’s position as a worldwide leader in cell discovery by integrating a unique service model into its portfolio and by continuing to develop the company’s activities”, comments Anja Fiedler, Head of Lonza Bioscience. “The skilled R&D staff nicely complements our existing R&D capabiliti ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review

... • High-level of Rho activity will result in a high level of integrin-mediated adhesion, and that will inhibit cell migration due to stronger adhesion to ECM. • Reducing Rho activity can lower adhesion and promote migration. However, it can also decrease the cell migration by inhibiting cell body con ...
appearance and function of endogenous peroxidase in fetal rat thyroid
appearance and function of endogenous peroxidase in fetal rat thyroid

... their thyroid glands were carefully removed . These included five embryos in the 15th day of gestation, six in the 17th day, 25 in the 18th day, 37 in the 19th day, and nine in the 20th day . The thyroids were cut into tiny pieces and fixed at room temperature for 40 min in either % or % strength pa ...
File - FTC
File - FTC

... • Pneumothorax - presence of air in pleural cavity – thoracic wall is punctured – inspiration sucks air through the wound into the pleural cavity – potential space becomes an air filled cavity – loss of negative intrapleural pressure allows lungs to recoil and collapse • Atelectasis - collapse of pa ...
Regeneration in Vertebrates
Regeneration in Vertebrates

... the organ. The most complex type of regeneration, however, is seen in limb and eye regeneration (especially in amphibia) in which cells at the damaged or amputated site dedifferentiate and transdifferentiate, but they are also able to build back an exact replica of the lost part. This type involves ...
PDF
PDF

... PAR, Crumbs and Scribble complexes (Goldstein and Macara, 2007). Once assembled, epithelial junctions are dynamic structures that must be frequently disassembled or remodeled during morphogenesis and tissue turnover (Acloque et al., 2009; Baum and Georgiou, 2011; St Johnston and Sanson, 2011). The m ...
Sos recruitment system for the analysis of the
Sos recruitment system for the analysis of the

... DISCUSSION We sought information on SUMF2 localization and whether its subtypes could interact with whIL-13 and mhIL-13. The Sos recruitment system takes advantage of Ras-activation through membrane-localized hSos in yeast (Kruse et al., 2006; Aronheim et al., 2006). The SUMF2 subtypes are particula ...
Chapter 42 PowerPoint
Chapter 42 PowerPoint

... Treatment and Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease • Cholesterol is a major contributor to atherosclerosis • Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are associated with plaque formation; these are “bad cholesterol” • High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) reduce the deposition of cholesterol; these are “good chol ...
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems

... substrates, known as effectors, to eukaryotic target cells during infection3–5. More recently, several new T4S systems have been described that are also ancestrally related to the conjugation machines, but these systems mediate the exchange of DNA with the extracellular milieu6–8. Collectively, this ...
Local Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors Is
Local Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors Is

... in part via lateral migration of diffusely expressed receptors. Using a model system-cultured Xenopus muscle cells exposed to electric fields-we have shown that AChRs, concentrated at the cathode-facing cell pole, continue to aggregate there after the field is terminated (Stollberg and Fraser, 1988) ...
3 Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms, and Mollusks
3 Sponges, Cnidarians, Worms, and Mollusks

... made up of many linked sections called segments. Look at the diagram of the earthworm in Figure 10. On the outside, the segments look nearly alike. On the inside, some organs are repeated in most segments. Other organs are found only in certain segments. Segmented worms have a closed circulatory sys ...
the effect of proteolytic digestion products on multiplication and
the effect of proteolytic digestion products on multiplication and

... strains of monocytes from blood and from spleen. The effect of increasing degrees of hydrolysis of the protein was tested by comparative experiments with the peptic, the tryptic, and the ereptic and tryptic digests of a given protein at equal nitrogen concentration. As a further test, experiments we ...
The Human Body - Lyndhurst School
The Human Body - Lyndhurst School

... includes fat cells, bone cells, and even blood cells. Many connective tissue cells produce collagen, a long, tough fiber-like protein that is the most common protein in the body. Collagen gives tissues strength and resiliency, helping them to keep their shape even under pressure. ...
ILS Unit 6 Semester 2 Name Teacher
ILS Unit 6 Semester 2 Name Teacher

... 2. In this experiment, oxygen consumption is measured in __(units)__? ___________________________ 3. Oxygen consumption is measured in ________ minute intervals? 4. Oxygen consumption in corn was measured at two different temperatures. These temperatures were: __________ and __________ degrees Celsi ...
Redox Eustress: Roles for Redox-Active Metabolites in Bacterial
Redox Eustress: Roles for Redox-Active Metabolites in Bacterial

... SoxS, which in turn regulates the expression of > 100 genes (32). The products of this regulon include transporters of redox-cycling agents and enzymes that detoxify the products of redox-cycling, including reactive oxygen species. Induction of the SoxRS regulon therefore represents a coping mechani ...
Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life
Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life

... stem cell (FSC) resides in an epidermal niche. The FSC is surrounded by FSC daugher cells (light blue) and also contacts the thin escort cells (light blue) that surround developing germline cysts (pink). The FSC does not contact any permanent stromal cells, but remains associated with a region of th ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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