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... tubes which finally terminate into balloon like structures called alveoli. These alveoli provide a surface where exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli are richly supplied with blood vessels. Q2.Draw a labeled diagram of the detailed structure of a nephron. Ans:- ...
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the
FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the

... F98shFasL10, F98shFasL11) are shown in (Fig. 3B and C). The transfection and selection procedures had no effect on the in vitro growth characteristics of the cloned cell lines (data not shown). The effects of FasL knock-down on Jurkat cell death was examined in the glioma:Jurkat cell cocultures. The ...
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu

... The origin of life is thought to be based on the formation of compartmentalized autocatalytic chemical cycles. Over time and with the appearance of catalytical biopolymers (ribonucleic acid- or protein-based enzymes), these chemical cycles gained complexity resulting in the evolution of modern metab ...
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical

... the manner in which multiple cuesare utilized. From previous manner in which sensoryfactors and mnemonic factors deterstudiesshowingthe existenceof placefields under impoverished mine a cell’s firing patterns. In this study, however, instead of conditions, one outcome that might have been expectedis ...
Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link
Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link

... yet moesin contains one of the homologous tyrosines phosphorylated in ezrin (Krieg and Hunter, 1992). To date no clear functional differences have been documented between members of the family, so this discussion will be largely devoted to ezrin’s biochemical properties and biological functions. DIS ...
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal

... genetically defined cell populations play specific roles in the production of locomotor behavior. Clear deficits in the fictive locomotor pattern have been observed in the absence of the V0 (Lanuza et al. 2004) and V1 (Gosgnach et al. 2006) populations, and subsequent experiments have demonstrated c ...
Accuracy of an Automatic Infusion Controller
Accuracy of an Automatic Infusion Controller

... pumps proved accurate throughout the range of infusion rates tested and regardless of infusate viscosity and flow resistance. However, the Infucon was significantly less accurate than were the other infusion pumps under all parameters tested. Infusion pump devices are used extensively in clinical se ...
Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis H. Fehrenbach
Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis H. Fehrenbach

... activation, and in immunoregulation cells of the lung [14] may also release TNF-a under certain conditions [15–17]. Furthermore, the pool of bioactive TNF-a is additionally regulated by the release of soluble TNF receptors [18]. Most of these data have been obtained from isolated cells or from the a ...
High-throughput functional genomics using
High-throughput functional genomics using

... with a cloned shRNA or shRNAmir cassette (FIG. 1). In contrast to RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-driven expression of shRNAs or sgRNAs, Pol II‑driven expression of shRNAmirs can be temporally controlled and genetically restricted across tissues63. Most RNAi reagents are nucleo­lytically processed by t ...
Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP)
Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP)

... Important: Animals with disease may show one or more of the signs below, but the pathogen may still be present in the absence of any signs. Disease signs at the farm, tank or pond level are: ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit

... ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of any other plant species. However, it is important to emphasise that, while many of the general ide ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet

... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
EU version - Bodyworlds
EU version - Bodyworlds

... on an exciting journey of discovery under the skin. It provides a wide-ranging insight into the anatomy and physiology of the human body. In addition to organ functions, common diseases are described in an easily understood manner by comparing healthy and affected organs. They show the longterm impa ...
File
File

... with free-standing water, those receiving immunizations  Pain: report pain that is new or not controlled, take medications at prescribed intervals to obtain maximum relief  Anemia: space activities and rest  Thrombocytopenia: monitor for bleeding episodes; avoid sharps, ASA, anticoagulants Mosby ...
y or edat
y or edat

... were studied and revealed insights into the population heterogeneity following viral infection. ...
scavenger receptor class b type i is a host entry factor - HAL
scavenger receptor class b type i is a host entry factor - HAL

... the same animal bled before immunization. To analyze specificity of the produced anti-SR-BI polyclonal serum, CHO cells were transfected with pcDNA (control vector) or pcDNA SR-BI using liposome-mediated gene transfer (Lipofectamine; Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) according to the manufacturer´s pr ...
Ectopic Expression of a Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual
Ectopic Expression of a Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual

... reported the preservation of a significant number of inner retinal neurons, but little is known about the physiological function of the surviving neurons. This is due, in part, to the lack of a photic stimulation tool once the photoreceptors have been lost. A detailed knowledge of the physiological ...
Full-Text
Full-Text

... polyelectrolyte is an efficient solution that may significantly contribute to the development of new functional nanofiber materials [39]. Selection of the appropriate experimental conditions can lead to fibers with diameters that can range from several micrometers to few nanometers in an extremely r ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of

... addition, in parallel with a decrease in light-scattering which we have observed previously [Quinlan, Thomas, Armston & Halestrap (1983) Biochem. J. 214, 395-404]. 3. The mean increases in PP, content with the agonists shown (as pmol/mg of protein) were: 0.1 ,tM-glucagon, 25; 20 1tM-phenylephrine, 3 ...
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... correctly,  these  drugs  are  extremely  effec8ve  at  reducing  mortality  rates  and  healing  injected through a syringe atomizer into a stirring aqueous solution of ampicillin sodium salt in PBS (blue). The organic solvent and any unencapsulated drug are subsequently remo ...
Adhesion coated slides are made of extra white glass
Adhesion coated slides are made of extra white glass

... by bio-chemical binding. Polysine are best suited for formalin-, alcohol- or Bouins-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from human sources. Polysine slides are not affected by enzyme predigestion or heating, making them ideal for immunocytochemical and molecular hybridization assays on cell prep ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... aureus) killing in a human cystic fibrosis bronchial xenograft model [66]. Cathelicidin is highly expressed at barrier sites including respiratory and colonic epithelium, saliva, and skin. At these locations it constitutes an important first line defense mechanism for the innate immune system to res ...
Everything you wanted to know about small RNA but were afraid to ask
Everything you wanted to know about small RNA but were afraid to ask

... pigment at all.9,10 The mechanism for this trans-acting ‘cosuppression’ silencing of the endogenous pigment production gene was not fully known, but RNA produced by the transgene array was a prime suspect as a mediator of silencing. Shortly thereafter, researchers studying the inconsistent ability o ...
Brennan - Journal of Experimental Biology
Brennan - Journal of Experimental Biology

... Previous work suggests that freshwater populations expanded their physiology to accommodate low salinity environments; however, it is unknown whether this compromises their tolerance to high salinity. We used a comparative approach to investigate the mechanisms of a derived freshwater phenotype and ...
Activation of Lymphocyte Signaling by the R1 Protein of Rhesus
Activation of Lymphocyte Signaling by the R1 Protein of Rhesus

... K1 protein of KSHV, and R1, like K1, can contribute to cell growth transformation. In this study we analyzed the ability of the cytoplasmic tail of R1 to function as a signal transducer. The cytoplasmic domain of the R1 protein contains several tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation is induced in c ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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