Guidance cues involved in the development of the peripheral
... 3. Development of the enteric nervous system The vast majority of enteric neurons and glial cells arise from neural crest cells that emigrate from the post-otic hindbrain adjacent to somites 1– 7 (Yntema and Hammond, 1954; Le Douarin and Teillet, 1973). Vagal neural crest cells enter the foregut, an ...
... 3. Development of the enteric nervous system The vast majority of enteric neurons and glial cells arise from neural crest cells that emigrate from the post-otic hindbrain adjacent to somites 1– 7 (Yntema and Hammond, 1954; Le Douarin and Teillet, 1973). Vagal neural crest cells enter the foregut, an ...
A Critical Role for Egr-1 Characterization of CD44 Induction by IL-1:
... (8). Furthermore, three studies have shown that an anti-CD44 Ab, IM7, has antiinflammatory effects in several in vivo models of inflammation (15–17). Finally, binding of low m.w. fragments of hyaluronic acid (HA) to alveolar macrophages via CD44 elicits the expression of a number of proinflammatory ...
... (8). Furthermore, three studies have shown that an anti-CD44 Ab, IM7, has antiinflammatory effects in several in vivo models of inflammation (15–17). Finally, binding of low m.w. fragments of hyaluronic acid (HA) to alveolar macrophages via CD44 elicits the expression of a number of proinflammatory ...
Function Antigens but with Altered Cytokine Secretion Cells To
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are directly activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and undergo maturation. Mature DCs express high levels of MHC class II molecules (“signal 1”), upregulate T cell costimulatory receptors (“signal 2”), and secrete “signal 3” cytokines (e.g., IL-12). Mature ...
... Dendritic cells (DCs) are directly activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and undergo maturation. Mature DCs express high levels of MHC class II molecules (“signal 1”), upregulate T cell costimulatory receptors (“signal 2”), and secrete “signal 3” cytokines (e.g., IL-12). Mature ...
The influence of chronic stress on T cell immunity
... system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thought to serve as a mechanism to fine-tune many immune responses, for instance to prevent the ...
... system is not operating autonomously but influences and is influenced by the central nervous system (CNS) through a complex, interacting network of nerves, hormones, and neuropeptides. This interaction is thought to serve as a mechanism to fine-tune many immune responses, for instance to prevent the ...
PCR product Lane L2 : Purified PCR product Lane L3 : Undigested
... with microbes and infection free wound healing was observed in responds to incisions The active principle was isolated and characterized (Zasloff et al., 1987) ...
... with microbes and infection free wound healing was observed in responds to incisions The active principle was isolated and characterized (Zasloff et al., 1987) ...
programmed cell death in plant
... supplied by the activation of a membrane-localized NADPH-dependent oxidase in a process termed the oxidative burst [reviewed by Mehdy (63)]. In ...
... supplied by the activation of a membrane-localized NADPH-dependent oxidase in a process termed the oxidative burst [reviewed by Mehdy (63)]. In ...
Oct-4 controls cell-cycle progression of embryonic stem cells
... c The Authors Journal compilation c 2010 Biochemical Society ...
... c The Authors Journal compilation c 2010 Biochemical Society ...
Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome: a light and
... using phase contrast had substantially fewer inclusions, indicating that cytoplasmic inclusions and infected erythrocytes may be fragile and possibly destroyed while making blood smears. This may result in an observed lower prevalence than the population actually is experiencing. After LG staining, ...
... using phase contrast had substantially fewer inclusions, indicating that cytoplasmic inclusions and infected erythrocytes may be fragile and possibly destroyed while making blood smears. This may result in an observed lower prevalence than the population actually is experiencing. After LG staining, ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SOD1
... To isolate total-protein extracts, cells in serum-free medium were harvested in ice-cold RIPA buffer (PBS, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS) added to protease inhibitor mixture (Sigma-Aldrich). Lysates were kept on ice for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000 3 g at 4˚ ...
... To isolate total-protein extracts, cells in serum-free medium were harvested in ice-cold RIPA buffer (PBS, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS) added to protease inhibitor mixture (Sigma-Aldrich). Lysates were kept on ice for 30 min and then centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000 3 g at 4˚ ...
Archaea - The Ancient Oddities
... Cell wall structure (for example, some archaeal cell walls contain pseudomurein) ...
... Cell wall structure (for example, some archaeal cell walls contain pseudomurein) ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology
... roots were gently washed with tap water until all soil particles were removed. The roots were cut to pieces of 0.5^3 cm in length. Length and diameter of the root pieces were measured using a binocular. Length, diameter and number of lateral roots were estimated. Root pieces were crushed with pestle ...
... roots were gently washed with tap water until all soil particles were removed. The roots were cut to pieces of 0.5^3 cm in length. Length and diameter of the root pieces were measured using a binocular. Length, diameter and number of lateral roots were estimated. Root pieces were crushed with pestle ...
Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of
... homodimers and internalized BRI1–SERK3 heterodimers. Endocytic trafficking of other receptor-like kinases such as CLV1 (CLAVATA 1) and SRK may be expected because their kinase domains interact with an endosomal sorting nexin (Vanoosthuyse et al., 2003). On the other hand, biotin and biotinylated mar ...
... homodimers and internalized BRI1–SERK3 heterodimers. Endocytic trafficking of other receptor-like kinases such as CLV1 (CLAVATA 1) and SRK may be expected because their kinase domains interact with an endosomal sorting nexin (Vanoosthuyse et al., 2003). On the other hand, biotin and biotinylated mar ...
Control of convergent yolk syncytial layer nuclear movement in
... morphogenesis is required for blastoderm epiboly. Finally, the YSL has been proposed to induce fibronectin expression in the overlying embryonic tissue, which is important for heart progenitor cell migration during gastrulation and somitogenesis stages (Sakaguchi et al., 2006). The YSL is formed by ...
... morphogenesis is required for blastoderm epiboly. Finally, the YSL has been proposed to induce fibronectin expression in the overlying embryonic tissue, which is important for heart progenitor cell migration during gastrulation and somitogenesis stages (Sakaguchi et al., 2006). The YSL is formed by ...
Development of angiosperm seed is a complex process
... Proanthocyanidins are apparently released from the endothelial cells and impregnate walls the inner three cell layers during this period (Fig. 2E). ...
... Proanthocyanidins are apparently released from the endothelial cells and impregnate walls the inner three cell layers during this period (Fig. 2E). ...
6 systems biology of cell organization
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
... So let’s suppose that a researcher could somehow synthesize the genome of a species and produce all of its RNA molecules and proteins. That would be an amazing feat! If the genome, proteins, and RNAs were combined in a test tube with other small molecules that are needed for energy and as building b ...
toxins
... Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani secrete very potent neurotoxins, which are responsible for neurological disorders in humans and animals, botulism and tetanus, respectively. Several recent reviews detail the structure and mode of action of neurotoxins [39–45]. C. tetani forms a homogeneo ...
... Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani secrete very potent neurotoxins, which are responsible for neurological disorders in humans and animals, botulism and tetanus, respectively. Several recent reviews detail the structure and mode of action of neurotoxins [39–45]. C. tetani forms a homogeneo ...
Inflammation 1
... - are the most common and medically important causes of inflammation - the microbial products are sensed by the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) - engagement of these receptors triggers signalling pathways that stimulate the production of various mediators. • Foreign bodies (splinters, dirt, sut ...
... - are the most common and medically important causes of inflammation - the microbial products are sensed by the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) - engagement of these receptors triggers signalling pathways that stimulate the production of various mediators. • Foreign bodies (splinters, dirt, sut ...
Abscisic acid
... impaired ABA response and reduced drought resistance. They found two copies of PYR1 fit snugly together in plant cells, and they are receptors for ABA. Each copy of the PYR1 molecule has an internal open space like the inside of a tin can, and when a ABA molecule comes along, it fits into one of the ...
... impaired ABA response and reduced drought resistance. They found two copies of PYR1 fit snugly together in plant cells, and they are receptors for ABA. Each copy of the PYR1 molecule has an internal open space like the inside of a tin can, and when a ABA molecule comes along, it fits into one of the ...
Control of convergent yolk syncytial layer nuclear movement in
... morphogenesis is required for blastoderm epiboly. Finally, the YSL has been proposed to induce fibronectin expression in the overlying embryonic tissue, which is important for heart progenitor cell migration during gastrulation and somitogenesis stages (Sakaguchi et al., 2006). The YSL is formed by ...
... morphogenesis is required for blastoderm epiboly. Finally, the YSL has been proposed to induce fibronectin expression in the overlying embryonic tissue, which is important for heart progenitor cell migration during gastrulation and somitogenesis stages (Sakaguchi et al., 2006). The YSL is formed by ...
Xpf suppresses mutagenic consequences of bacterial phagocytosis
... molecules such as hypochlorus acid and reactive oxygen species, which are known to be highly mutagenic (Knaapen et al., 2006). It is thus conceivable that the mutagen forms part of an amoebal immune response to bacteria. An intriguing observation is that bacteria differ in their potency to inhibit g ...
... molecules such as hypochlorus acid and reactive oxygen species, which are known to be highly mutagenic (Knaapen et al., 2006). It is thus conceivable that the mutagen forms part of an amoebal immune response to bacteria. An intriguing observation is that bacteria differ in their potency to inhibit g ...
Precursor of human adenovirus core polypeptide Mu targets the
... Fig. 1. Identification of regions of Mu protein involved in nuclear and nucleolar targeting. (A) Schematic showing the regions of preMu protein fused to EGFP. On the left, each protein is identified by the amino acids from the full-length preMu protein sequence, expressed N-terminal to the EGFP sequ ...
... Fig. 1. Identification of regions of Mu protein involved in nuclear and nucleolar targeting. (A) Schematic showing the regions of preMu protein fused to EGFP. On the left, each protein is identified by the amino acids from the full-length preMu protein sequence, expressed N-terminal to the EGFP sequ ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Whereby the Apical Ectodermal
... Developmental biology is becoming an increasingly important area of study, with research only scratching the surface of the many complex processes involved in the process of making an ordered form. There are many facets of developmental biology; some focusing on cellular mechanisms and behavior with ...
... Developmental biology is becoming an increasingly important area of study, with research only scratching the surface of the many complex processes involved in the process of making an ordered form. There are many facets of developmental biology; some focusing on cellular mechanisms and behavior with ...
Construction and applications of yellow fever virus replicons
... Fig. 1. Organization of the YFV genome and replicon constructs. (A) Schematic representation of the YFV genome with open boxes denoting regions coding for the structural (white) and nonstructural (light gray) proteins that are translated as a polyprotein. The 5Vand 3Vuntranslated regions (UTRs) are ...
... Fig. 1. Organization of the YFV genome and replicon constructs. (A) Schematic representation of the YFV genome with open boxes denoting regions coding for the structural (white) and nonstructural (light gray) proteins that are translated as a polyprotein. The 5Vand 3Vuntranslated regions (UTRs) are ...