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... Drosophila has identified many of the molecules that mediate the different steps in the fusion process; by contrast, the molecular basis of myoblast fusion during vertebrate embryogenesis remains poorly characterised. A key component of the intracellular fusion pathway in Drosophila is the protein e ...
... Drosophila has identified many of the molecules that mediate the different steps in the fusion process; by contrast, the molecular basis of myoblast fusion during vertebrate embryogenesis remains poorly characterised. A key component of the intracellular fusion pathway in Drosophila is the protein e ...
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... (FISH) detection rates (eubacteria and/or archaebacteria), very little data are available. However, it has been suggested that a great deal of seasonal variability may exist which re£ects seasonal changes in cell-speci¢c activity rates [27]. Diel changes in grazing rates on heterotrophic bacteria ha ...
... (FISH) detection rates (eubacteria and/or archaebacteria), very little data are available. However, it has been suggested that a great deal of seasonal variability may exist which re£ects seasonal changes in cell-speci¢c activity rates [27]. Diel changes in grazing rates on heterotrophic bacteria ha ...
Fischbarg 2010 review
... fluid-transporting epithelia has of course helped this thinking. And yet, things may not be as simple, as we look at the mechanism more closely. B. Water Channels For water to traverse cell membranes, it has to be helped to cross the lipid bilayer. So the idea of a plasma membrane water channel emer ...
... fluid-transporting epithelia has of course helped this thinking. And yet, things may not be as simple, as we look at the mechanism more closely. B. Water Channels For water to traverse cell membranes, it has to be helped to cross the lipid bilayer. So the idea of a plasma membrane water channel emer ...
Animal and Plant Cell Culture: An Introduction
... Guidance on approaches to assessment of this Unit Evidence can be generated using different types of assessment. The following are suggestions only. There may be other methods that would be more suitable to learners. Outcomes 1 and 2 could be assessed by a single holistic closed-book assessment with ...
... Guidance on approaches to assessment of this Unit Evidence can be generated using different types of assessment. The following are suggestions only. There may be other methods that would be more suitable to learners. Outcomes 1 and 2 could be assessed by a single holistic closed-book assessment with ...
Estrogen receptor prevents p53-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer
... the presence or absence of estrogen after 3 d (Fig. 1A). In cells treated with doxorubicin under vehicle (i.e., charcoal-dextrantreated; CDT) conditions, only ∼50% survived, whereas the addition of E2 increased survival to ∼75%. Interestingly, tamoxifen was also able to block cell death induced by d ...
... the presence or absence of estrogen after 3 d (Fig. 1A). In cells treated with doxorubicin under vehicle (i.e., charcoal-dextrantreated; CDT) conditions, only ∼50% survived, whereas the addition of E2 increased survival to ∼75%. Interestingly, tamoxifen was also able to block cell death induced by d ...
2011AndersenMethods-Mol-Biol
... applied to an example construct that combines three genomic fragments. This technique is also useful to create chimeric constructs, like fluorescent gene fusions. See ref. 4 for a good example of that application. For the first step, design primers that overlap the junctions to be ligated in the fin ...
... applied to an example construct that combines three genomic fragments. This technique is also useful to create chimeric constructs, like fluorescent gene fusions. See ref. 4 for a good example of that application. For the first step, design primers that overlap the junctions to be ligated in the fin ...
t-SNARE Phosphorylation Regulates Endocytosis in Yeast
... secretion, and in various conditional lethal phenotypes (Protopopov et al., 1993; David et al., 1998). Mutations in either of two genes that encode homologous ER-localized proteins (Vbm1,2/Elo2,3), which are involved in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) elongation, result in the intracellular accumulatio ...
... secretion, and in various conditional lethal phenotypes (Protopopov et al., 1993; David et al., 1998). Mutations in either of two genes that encode homologous ER-localized proteins (Vbm1,2/Elo2,3), which are involved in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) elongation, result in the intracellular accumulatio ...
TEAD4 establishes the energy homeostasis essential for blastocoel
... were detected separately as well as simultaneously. Immunocytochemistry ...
... were detected separately as well as simultaneously. Immunocytochemistry ...
Two Cortical Circuits Control Propagating Waves in Visual Cortex
... the activities are expressed as fractions, but it should be remembered that the total numbers of neurons in each class are quite different. Thus, 70% of the subpial cell population is a smaller number (31 cells) than 30% of the pyramidal cell population (204 cells). A combination of Karhunen-Loeve a ...
... the activities are expressed as fractions, but it should be remembered that the total numbers of neurons in each class are quite different. Thus, 70% of the subpial cell population is a smaller number (31 cells) than 30% of the pyramidal cell population (204 cells). A combination of Karhunen-Loeve a ...
Blood Physiology - part 2
... This process is constantly occurring in tissues at a low level and serves to keep the vascular system primed to respond immediately to any tissue damage. This low level tissue factor (TF) pathway activity occurs outside the vascular compartment. TF is found on many interstitial cells and these cell ...
... This process is constantly occurring in tissues at a low level and serves to keep the vascular system primed to respond immediately to any tissue damage. This low level tissue factor (TF) pathway activity occurs outside the vascular compartment. TF is found on many interstitial cells and these cell ...
Hunt, D.E. Motility in the marine environment: an adaptive response
... bacteria the ocean may in fact be a mosaic of evolving microenvironments. The ability of bacteria to sense and respond to these nutrient gradients may influence bacterial productivity and confer selective advantage to motile organisms. The phycosphere surrounding photosynthesizing phytoplankton is t ...
... bacteria the ocean may in fact be a mosaic of evolving microenvironments. The ability of bacteria to sense and respond to these nutrient gradients may influence bacterial productivity and confer selective advantage to motile organisms. The phycosphere surrounding photosynthesizing phytoplankton is t ...
Calcium Activation of ERK Mediated by Calmodulin Kinase I
... complex cascade of protein kinases terminating in activation of the MAP kinase family including the ERKs (17–20). The response of the ERK pathway to various stimuli can be cell type-specific and/or -dependent on regulation of different subcellular pools of small G proteins (17, 18, 21). Some of thes ...
... complex cascade of protein kinases terminating in activation of the MAP kinase family including the ERKs (17–20). The response of the ERK pathway to various stimuli can be cell type-specific and/or -dependent on regulation of different subcellular pools of small G proteins (17, 18, 21). Some of thes ...
y or edat
... copper and B. mycoides treated samples; the majority of Microcystis cells were dead in comparison with the control samples. The use of gating percentages gave a qualitative expression of alive or dead Microcystis cells, i.e., the majority was either alive or dead. It was then resolved to incorporate ...
... copper and B. mycoides treated samples; the majority of Microcystis cells were dead in comparison with the control samples. The use of gating percentages gave a qualitative expression of alive or dead Microcystis cells, i.e., the majority was either alive or dead. It was then resolved to incorporate ...
The ventral and posterior expression of the zebrafish homeobox
... and no tail (ntl), which exhibit an abnormal posterior development. In spt homozygous mutants (Kimmel et al., 1989), a cellular mismigration during gastrulation leads to an accumulation of cells in the tail bud. The ntl mutants exhibit a shortened and disorganized tail, accompanied by an incorrect d ...
... and no tail (ntl), which exhibit an abnormal posterior development. In spt homozygous mutants (Kimmel et al., 1989), a cellular mismigration during gastrulation leads to an accumulation of cells in the tail bud. The ntl mutants exhibit a shortened and disorganized tail, accompanied by an incorrect d ...
What is separated in bioseparation?
... • In reactive bioprocessing, the bioseparation process follows some form of biological reaction whereas • extractive bioprocessing almost entirely involves bioseparation. • In the context of reactive bioprocessing, upstream processing involves steps such as biocatalyst screening, enrichment, isolati ...
... • In reactive bioprocessing, the bioseparation process follows some form of biological reaction whereas • extractive bioprocessing almost entirely involves bioseparation. • In the context of reactive bioprocessing, upstream processing involves steps such as biocatalyst screening, enrichment, isolati ...
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... al., 1998) as well as gene-specific transcription factors during the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas et al., 1995; Gottesfeld and Forbes, 1997). For other factors ...
... al., 1998) as well as gene-specific transcription factors during the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas et al., 1995; Gottesfeld and Forbes, 1997). For other factors ...
- Wiley Online Library
... function. SUMO modification affects many biological processes and is required for cell viability in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nematodes and higher eukaryotes (Fraser et al., 2000). Mammalian SUMO-1 is involved in a wide range of important cellular processes: p53 and c-jun transcriptional activ ...
... function. SUMO modification affects many biological processes and is required for cell viability in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nematodes and higher eukaryotes (Fraser et al., 2000). Mammalian SUMO-1 is involved in a wide range of important cellular processes: p53 and c-jun transcriptional activ ...
Mutation of a Highly Conserved Aspartic Acid in the Adrenergic
... the WT or mutant receptors for 24 to 64 h. The incubation time was varied to obtain similar levels of expression for the individual receptor constructs. The cells were harvested and membranes prepared according to previously described procedures (Gether et al., 1995). Adenylyl cyclase assay was perf ...
... the WT or mutant receptors for 24 to 64 h. The incubation time was varied to obtain similar levels of expression for the individual receptor constructs. The cells were harvested and membranes prepared according to previously described procedures (Gether et al., 1995). Adenylyl cyclase assay was perf ...
Halobacillus - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
... shaped bacteria were picked and restreaked several times to obtain pure cultures. Two strains were chosen for detailed characterization. Bacterial strains and growth media. The newly isolated strains have been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen as Halobacillus litoralis DSM 1040S ...
... shaped bacteria were picked and restreaked several times to obtain pure cultures. Two strains were chosen for detailed characterization. Bacterial strains and growth media. The newly isolated strains have been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen as Halobacillus litoralis DSM 1040S ...
Sox3 - Prodinra
... central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, much of the CNS will develop from a subset of the non-ingressing cells later specified as neural precursors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify not only those factors that induce cell ingression at gastrulation but also those that prevent it, as protection fro ...
... central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, much of the CNS will develop from a subset of the non-ingressing cells later specified as neural precursors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify not only those factors that induce cell ingression at gastrulation but also those that prevent it, as protection fro ...
Quantification of Multiple Gene Expression in Individual Cells
... multiple mRNA expression studies involves serious difficulties. First, the amount of mRNA extracted from a single cell is so minute that samples cannot be split. The expression of multiple genes must be investigated in the same sample and in the same RT-PCR round. This implies the presence of multip ...
... multiple mRNA expression studies involves serious difficulties. First, the amount of mRNA extracted from a single cell is so minute that samples cannot be split. The expression of multiple genes must be investigated in the same sample and in the same RT-PCR round. This implies the presence of multip ...
Cytoplasmic Actin in Neuronal Processes as a Possible Mediator of
... Studies on neuronal plasticity have unequivocally demonstrated that different experimental interventions in the developing and mature nervous system may induce rearrangement of the synaptic pattern of various brain regions by sprouting new synapses, retracting others, or changing the shape or dimens ...
... Studies on neuronal plasticity have unequivocally demonstrated that different experimental interventions in the developing and mature nervous system may induce rearrangement of the synaptic pattern of various brain regions by sprouting new synapses, retracting others, or changing the shape or dimens ...
Senescence-Associated Vacuoles, a Specific Lytic Compartment for
... senescing wheat leaves [33,34]. RCBs were first described as small (0.4–1.2 µm in diameter), double membrane bound vesicles detected in the cytosol of leaf cells through transmission electron microscopy [33]. Their numbers increased during senescence, and immunolocalization experiments showed that t ...
... senescing wheat leaves [33,34]. RCBs were first described as small (0.4–1.2 µm in diameter), double membrane bound vesicles detected in the cytosol of leaf cells through transmission electron microscopy [33]. Their numbers increased during senescence, and immunolocalization experiments showed that t ...
Development
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...