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Lecture 10
Lecture 10

... August 24, 1888), was a German physicist and mathematician, and was one of thefounders of thermodynamics. His most important paper, on the mechanical theory of heat, published in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. He ...
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... detecting law changes in signals. As an illustration, we consider a signal x (n) that consists in 400 samples generated according to a mixture of two Gaussian distributions, followed by 400 uniformly distributed samples. First law has entropy H1 = 1:8 whereas the second has entropy H2 = 1:18: Figure ...
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... If body A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body C, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. TA = TC and TB = TC => TA = TB The aim of classical thermodynamics is to establish the relationships which exist between equilibrium state of a given system and the influences w ...
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... Gases Equations– AP Chemistry: Remember for STP problems, use 1mol/22.4 L and Non-STP problems, use ideal gas law PV=nRT, S.T.P.= 0°C and 1 atm, R.T.P.= 25° C and 1 atm Equation ...
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Gibbs paradox

In statistical mechanics, a semi-classical derivation of the entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles, yields an expression for the entropy which is not extensive (is not proportional to the amount of substance in question). This leads to a paradox known as the Gibbs paradox, after Josiah Willard Gibbs. The paradox allows for the entropy of closed systems to decrease, violating the second law of thermodynamics. A related paradox is the ""mixing paradox"". If one takes the perspective that the definition of entropy must be changed so as to ignore particle permutation, the paradox is averted.
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