Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... pathways that regulate the dynamics of the equatorial cell cortex during cytokinesis. We also propose a model that tries to accommodate all the evidence and we suggest a possible molecular candidate for the furrow-inducing signal. Astral versus central spindle microtubules Genetic and micromanipulat ...
... pathways that regulate the dynamics of the equatorial cell cortex during cytokinesis. We also propose a model that tries to accommodate all the evidence and we suggest a possible molecular candidate for the furrow-inducing signal. Astral versus central spindle microtubules Genetic and micromanipulat ...
NuMA assembles into an extensive filamentous structure when
... a component of splicing complexes (Zeng et al., 1994b). In addition to these proposed specific functions for NuMA within the cell nucleus, there have also been proposals that NuMA is only localized in the nucleus to sequester it away from the cytoplasmic microtubules during the interphase stages of ...
... a component of splicing complexes (Zeng et al., 1994b). In addition to these proposed specific functions for NuMA within the cell nucleus, there have also been proposals that NuMA is only localized in the nucleus to sequester it away from the cytoplasmic microtubules during the interphase stages of ...
PPT1 - Ycmou
... diameter made of with single type of globular protein polymer called as tubulin. Tubulin is dimer of alpha tubulin and β tubulin polypeptides. Like actin filaments the microtubule filaments are dynamic structures and assemble, dissemble constantly. The movements of microtubules is caused by the asso ...
... diameter made of with single type of globular protein polymer called as tubulin. Tubulin is dimer of alpha tubulin and β tubulin polypeptides. Like actin filaments the microtubule filaments are dynamic structures and assemble, dissemble constantly. The movements of microtubules is caused by the asso ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
Towards a unifying model for the metaphase
... appears fibrous in structure, is ~0.5 |im in diameter and 4060 run in thickness and contains DNA as well as proteins. It is to this part that the microtubules attach; some tubulin binding proteins, known as microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs, have been identified. Moreover, motor proteins like ...
... appears fibrous in structure, is ~0.5 |im in diameter and 4060 run in thickness and contains DNA as well as proteins. It is to this part that the microtubules attach; some tubulin binding proteins, known as microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs, have been identified. Moreover, motor proteins like ...
pdf: Wu et al. 2010
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
A conditional mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
... interval was identified by multiplex PCR using the same primer pairs that amplified the hybridization probes. Mutant rsw4 plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) carrying cosmid clones according to Clough and Bent (Clough and Bent, 1998), and T1 transformants were selected on h ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... protein moved along microtubules toward the plus ends. growth, conventional kinesin mutants are impaired in hyphal extension, suggesting that conventional kinesin is involved in the secretion of cell wall components (34, 38). Since the first discovery of conventional kinesin, many other kinesins and ...
... protein moved along microtubules toward the plus ends. growth, conventional kinesin mutants are impaired in hyphal extension, suggesting that conventional kinesin is involved in the secretion of cell wall components (34, 38). Since the first discovery of conventional kinesin, many other kinesins and ...
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the
... We, therefore, wanted to explore the involvement of cytoplasmic microtubules in the process of VGM production and fusion. We have found that IO~ in addition to vesiculating Golgi membranes, depolymerizes cytoplasmic microtubules. However, IQ causes Golgi membranes to break down into VGMs even in the ...
... We, therefore, wanted to explore the involvement of cytoplasmic microtubules in the process of VGM production and fusion. We have found that IO~ in addition to vesiculating Golgi membranes, depolymerizes cytoplasmic microtubules. However, IQ causes Golgi membranes to break down into VGMs even in the ...
Tansley review - Professor Gero Steinberg
... ability of the hypha to grow invasively. Extended hyphal growth and mitosis require microtubules, as revealed by recent studies on the microtubule cytoskeleton. Surprisingly, hyphal tip growth involves only two out of 10 kinesins. Kinesin-3 is responsible for tip-directed (anterograde) endosome moti ...
... ability of the hypha to grow invasively. Extended hyphal growth and mitosis require microtubules, as revealed by recent studies on the microtubule cytoskeleton. Surprisingly, hyphal tip growth involves only two out of 10 kinesins. Kinesin-3 is responsible for tip-directed (anterograde) endosome moti ...
The Cytoskeleton of Nerve Cells in Historic Perspective
... filamentous structures collectively known as the "cytoskeleton". Nowhere else are the advantages of possessing this highly complex and versatile scaffolding, common to nearly all eukaryotic cells, more apparent than in neurons. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that its existence, chief components ...
... filamentous structures collectively known as the "cytoskeleton". Nowhere else are the advantages of possessing this highly complex and versatile scaffolding, common to nearly all eukaryotic cells, more apparent than in neurons. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that its existence, chief components ...
Carr_Flagellum.pps
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
... A flagellum is on the end of every sperm cell Without a flagellum sperm would not be able to fertilize an egg ...
figure 1 - Open Biology
... are focused at spindle poles, and the plus-ends radiate outwards towards the opposite pole. In animal cells, the primary microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) is the centrosome, which is located at the spindle pole and consists of two centrioles and the associated pericentriolar material. Non-centros ...
... are focused at spindle poles, and the plus-ends radiate outwards towards the opposite pole. In animal cells, the primary microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) is the centrosome, which is located at the spindle pole and consists of two centrioles and the associated pericentriolar material. Non-centros ...
Female meiosis in polo - Journal of Cell Science
... their correct localisation to the central region of the late Mphase spindle (Adams et al., 1998; Carmena et al., 1998). As the plks influence the function of microtubule associated structures at the spindle poles at the onset of mitosis, and at the central spindle late in mitosis, it is of considera ...
... their correct localisation to the central region of the late Mphase spindle (Adams et al., 1998; Carmena et al., 1998). As the plks influence the function of microtubule associated structures at the spindle poles at the onset of mitosis, and at the central spindle late in mitosis, it is of considera ...
ATK1 is required for male meiotic spindle
... proteins, and contain a motor domain near the C terminus, an α-helical coiled coil region and a smaller globular N-terminal domain. Among these, the ATK2 and ATK3 proteins are very similar to each other (83% amino acid identity over the entire length). In addition, the ATK1 protein is also quite sim ...
... proteins, and contain a motor domain near the C terminus, an α-helical coiled coil region and a smaller globular N-terminal domain. Among these, the ATK2 and ATK3 proteins are very similar to each other (83% amino acid identity over the entire length). In addition, the ATK1 protein is also quite sim ...
The Cytoskeleton as a Regulator and Target of
... characterization of proteins involved in the signaling pathways that induce cytoskeletal rearrangement and of proteins responsible for bringing about cytoskeletal reorganization and function. It is likely that this phenomenon utilizes regulatory proteins that participate in other forms of cytoplasmi ...
... characterization of proteins involved in the signaling pathways that induce cytoskeletal rearrangement and of proteins responsible for bringing about cytoskeletal reorganization and function. It is likely that this phenomenon utilizes regulatory proteins that participate in other forms of cytoplasmi ...
sperm aster in rabbit zygotes: its structure and
... presence of a sperm aster concurrently with the movement of the pronuclei and its dissappearance at the conclusion of migration support the purported role of the sperm aster during fertilization. How microtubules bring about the movements of the pronuclei is not known. This problem is similar to tha ...
... presence of a sperm aster concurrently with the movement of the pronuclei and its dissappearance at the conclusion of migration support the purported role of the sperm aster during fertilization. How microtubules bring about the movements of the pronuclei is not known. This problem is similar to tha ...
Is the Cytoskeleton Necessary for Viral Replication?
... microtubule has β-tubulin exposed while the (-) end has α-tubulin exposed. The (-) end is almost always capped, so growth normally occurs from the (+) end. The microtubule (+) end usually points towards the plasma membrane where it can interact with the actin cortex (Radtke et al., 2006). The microt ...
... microtubule has β-tubulin exposed while the (-) end has α-tubulin exposed. The (-) end is almost always capped, so growth normally occurs from the (+) end. The microtubule (+) end usually points towards the plasma membrane where it can interact with the actin cortex (Radtke et al., 2006). The microt ...
BioScience®
... complexity but also with the new roles emerging for cilia. These show cilia to be central players in the lives of cells, exhibiting sensory as well as motile functions and serving as sites for integrating some of the major signaling systems of the cell. These recent findings have dramatically raised ...
... complexity but also with the new roles emerging for cilia. These show cilia to be central players in the lives of cells, exhibiting sensory as well as motile functions and serving as sites for integrating some of the major signaling systems of the cell. These recent findings have dramatically raised ...
Cytoskeletal Drugs and Gravity-Induced Lateral Auxin Transport in
... The transduction from mechanical force of the statoliths to mechanosensitive ion channels or auxin transporters in the plasmalemma remains to be elucidated. One may postulate a role of the cytoskeleton as a pressure transducer to a mechanosensitive element in the plasma membrane (e.g., Nick et al., ...
... The transduction from mechanical force of the statoliths to mechanosensitive ion channels or auxin transporters in the plasmalemma remains to be elucidated. One may postulate a role of the cytoskeleton as a pressure transducer to a mechanosensitive element in the plasma membrane (e.g., Nick et al., ...
Genetic Analysis of the Yeast Cytoskeleton.
... The cytoskeleton has been genetically analyzed, to different degrees, in various mammaliancells (20) and organisms including Drosophila rnelanogaster (28a, 41, 64, 65), Caenorhabditis elegans (7, 26, 45), Chlamydomohas reinhardtii (4, 47), Aspergillus nidulans (53), Physarumpolycephalurn (67, 72), a ...
... The cytoskeleton has been genetically analyzed, to different degrees, in various mammaliancells (20) and organisms including Drosophila rnelanogaster (28a, 41, 64, 65), Caenorhabditis elegans (7, 26, 45), Chlamydomohas reinhardtii (4, 47), Aspergillus nidulans (53), Physarumpolycephalurn (67, 72), a ...
Formins: Linking Cytoskeleton and Endomembranes in Plant Cells
... faster in areas with bundled actin cables as demonstrated on velocity of Golgi bodies entering an area with a different actin configuration [8]. However, actin may not be the only part of the cytoskeleton controlling endomembrane structure and dynamics. The metazoan Golgi apparatus is shaped by the ...
... faster in areas with bundled actin cables as demonstrated on velocity of Golgi bodies entering an area with a different actin configuration [8]. However, actin may not be the only part of the cytoskeleton controlling endomembrane structure and dynamics. The metazoan Golgi apparatus is shaped by the ...
Cytoskeletal Motors in Arabidopsis. Sixty
... Plant cytokinesis is mechanistically different from that in animals and fungi (Mayer and Jurgens, 2004). One of the distinctions is that microtubules play a leading role during the assembly of the cell plate via the phragmoplast in plants. The plus end of phragmoplast microtubules is facing the divi ...
... Plant cytokinesis is mechanistically different from that in animals and fungi (Mayer and Jurgens, 2004). One of the distinctions is that microtubules play a leading role during the assembly of the cell plate via the phragmoplast in plants. The plus end of phragmoplast microtubules is facing the divi ...
Lysine Acetylation - Regulator of Diverse Cellular Processes
... and 133 in mouse liver mitochondria5. In a more recent study using rat tissues, 15,474 modification sites on 4,541 proteins were identified6. This study revealed that the majority of lysineacetylated proteins localize to the cytoplasm (30%) and nucleus (30%), with the remainder found in mitochondria ...
... and 133 in mouse liver mitochondria5. In a more recent study using rat tissues, 15,474 modification sites on 4,541 proteins were identified6. This study revealed that the majority of lysineacetylated proteins localize to the cytoplasm (30%) and nucleus (30%), with the remainder found in mitochondria ...
Ran on tracks – cytoplasmic roles for a nuclear regulator
... perhaps by an as-yet-unidentified axonal RanGEF (Fig. 2) (see also below). In vivo perturbation of the system by introducing a dominant-negative Ran mutant or by adding blocking antibodies against Ran or RanBP1 inhibited injury responses in the targeted neuronal population. These findings establish ...
... perhaps by an as-yet-unidentified axonal RanGEF (Fig. 2) (see also below). In vivo perturbation of the system by introducing a dominant-negative Ran mutant or by adding blocking antibodies against Ran or RanBP1 inhibited injury responses in the targeted neuronal population. These findings establish ...
Microtubule
Microtubules (micro- + tube + -ule) are a component of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. These tubular polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 50 micrometres and are highly dynamic. The outer diameter of a microtubule is about 24 nm while the inner diameter is about 12 nm. They are found in eukaryotic cells and are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin.Microtubules are very important in a number of cellular processes. They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella.They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organelles, and intracellular macromolecular assemblies (see entries for dynein and kinesin). They are also involved in chromosome separation (mitosis and meiosis), and are the major constituents of mitotic spindles, which are used to pull apart eukaryotic chromosomes.Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies found in cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in fungi.There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics.