Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... endomembrane relocalization was nearly identical to that for reversal in adhesive deposition, again indicating that the two processes were coupled. To determine whether localized endocytosis contributed to the asymmetric endomembrane distribution, photopolarized zygotes were labeled for short times ...
... endomembrane relocalization was nearly identical to that for reversal in adhesive deposition, again indicating that the two processes were coupled. To determine whether localized endocytosis contributed to the asymmetric endomembrane distribution, photopolarized zygotes were labeled for short times ...
Organelle motility in the pollen tube: a tale of 20 years
... enables the proper distribution of organelles and the accumulation of secretory vesicles in the tube apex. Organelles move along the actin filaments through dynamic interactions with myosin but other proteins are probably responsible for control of this activity. The role of microtubules and microtu ...
... enables the proper distribution of organelles and the accumulation of secretory vesicles in the tube apex. Organelles move along the actin filaments through dynamic interactions with myosin but other proteins are probably responsible for control of this activity. The role of microtubules and microtu ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
SB401, a pollen-specific protein from Solanum berthaultii
... established that actin filaments are fundamental, not only for delivering substances to the pollen tube tip by cytoplasmic streaming, but also because they are directly involved in tip growth in response to environmental cues (reviewed by Geitmann and Emons, 2000; Vidali and Hepler, 2001). Although ...
... established that actin filaments are fundamental, not only for delivering substances to the pollen tube tip by cytoplasmic streaming, but also because they are directly involved in tip growth in response to environmental cues (reviewed by Geitmann and Emons, 2000; Vidali and Hepler, 2001). Although ...
From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton
... Roof hair tip growth 1883 broad root hairs such as those of Hydrocharis (Shimmen et al., 1995) in which the flow of cytoplasm is upwards at the cell borders and downwards in the cell centre. In relatively thin hairs such as Vicia saliva L. (De Ruijter et al., unpublished observations) the downward ...
... Roof hair tip growth 1883 broad root hairs such as those of Hydrocharis (Shimmen et al., 1995) in which the flow of cytoplasm is upwards at the cell borders and downwards in the cell centre. In relatively thin hairs such as Vicia saliva L. (De Ruijter et al., unpublished observations) the downward ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
... Rho regulates cell body contraction • Cell body contraction is dependent on actomyosin contractility. •Rho via ROCK can inactivate MLC phosphatase to stimulate myosin light chain (MLC) . •Rho via Dia might induce actin polymerization, and Rho via ROCK might regulate actin depolymerization. Ridley, ...
... Rho regulates cell body contraction • Cell body contraction is dependent on actomyosin contractility. •Rho via ROCK can inactivate MLC phosphatase to stimulate myosin light chain (MLC) . •Rho via Dia might induce actin polymerization, and Rho via ROCK might regulate actin depolymerization. Ridley, ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... Abstract—Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and specialization, and these connections are considered in many original studies and reviews. In this review we would like to d ...
... Abstract—Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and specialization, and these connections are considered in many original studies and reviews. In this review we would like to d ...
central spindle and contractile ring for cytokinesis encodes a kinesin
... first model, the poles signal directly to the equatorial cortex of the cell, perhaps by the action of astral microtubules (Devore et al. 1989). Alternatively, the astral relaxation model (White and Borisy 1983) proposes that spindle poles induce a relaxation of the cell cortex nearest to the poles, ...
... first model, the poles signal directly to the equatorial cortex of the cell, perhaps by the action of astral microtubules (Devore et al. 1989). Alternatively, the astral relaxation model (White and Borisy 1983) proposes that spindle poles induce a relaxation of the cell cortex nearest to the poles, ...
1-Michelle_Stone_thesis
... Neurons are among the many polarized cells that comprise the vertebrate and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neuro ...
... Neurons are among the many polarized cells that comprise the vertebrate and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neuro ...
Word - The Open University
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
Centromere dynamics
... from the pathogenic yeast reveals that pre-existing centromeres remain functional, but if they are isolated as naked DNA and reintroduced back into the cell, functional centromeres do not form [15]. These and other studies might force us to consider that three-dimensional architecture dictated by ...
... from the pathogenic yeast reveals that pre-existing centromeres remain functional, but if they are isolated as naked DNA and reintroduced back into the cell, functional centromeres do not form [15]. These and other studies might force us to consider that three-dimensional architecture dictated by ...
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally
... ciliary morphological specialization, few players directly involved in generating such diversity are known. Recent findings suggest that at least two molecular motors (kinesin-II and OSM-3/KIF17) can differentially mobilize the intraflagellar transport machinery required for ciliogenesis and, presum ...
... ciliary morphological specialization, few players directly involved in generating such diversity are known. Recent findings suggest that at least two molecular motors (kinesin-II and OSM-3/KIF17) can differentially mobilize the intraflagellar transport machinery required for ciliogenesis and, presum ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... GFP-PAR-2 expands towards the anterior, whereas GFP-PAR-6 retracts from the posterior, both to approximately 50% egg-length. Note that centrosomes have duplicated at this stage and that they nucleate numerous astral microtubules. (C) Following pronuclear migration and meeting, the centrosomes and pr ...
... GFP-PAR-2 expands towards the anterior, whereas GFP-PAR-6 retracts from the posterior, both to approximately 50% egg-length. Note that centrosomes have duplicated at this stage and that they nucleate numerous astral microtubules. (C) Following pronuclear migration and meeting, the centrosomes and pr ...
9/12
... Many pathogenic bacteria are dependent on pili/fimbriae for their ability to cause disease e.g. urinary tract and kidney infections Pili also help bacteria to attach to surfaces in the environment ...
... Many pathogenic bacteria are dependent on pili/fimbriae for their ability to cause disease e.g. urinary tract and kidney infections Pili also help bacteria to attach to surfaces in the environment ...
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain
... List of Tables ................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1 Introduction .......... ...
... List of Tables ................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1 Introduction .......... ...
Case Study - Virology 4D quantitative analyses of virus
... to associate with the surface of ATIs at speeds consistent with those observed for mature virions moving along microtubules to sites of wrapping. Overall, the image analyses showed that microtubules have an important role in embedding mature virions in the ATI matrix, ATI coalescence, and the transp ...
... to associate with the surface of ATIs at speeds consistent with those observed for mature virions moving along microtubules to sites of wrapping. Overall, the image analyses showed that microtubules have an important role in embedding mature virions in the ATI matrix, ATI coalescence, and the transp ...
Paper 2
... sometimes the only form seen. When the drug was washed out and hyphae left in GTP␥S-free solution for 45 min before rescoring, tip cells recovered the typical range of control morphologies (Fig. 9). GTP␥S also promoted tubule frequency in the second cell and as far back as the fifth cell (data not s ...
... sometimes the only form seen. When the drug was washed out and hyphae left in GTP␥S-free solution for 45 min before rescoring, tip cells recovered the typical range of control morphologies (Fig. 9). GTP␥S also promoted tubule frequency in the second cell and as far back as the fifth cell (data not s ...
The Drosophila centriole – conversion of
... mother centriole in cross section, the daughter centriole was always visible in a longitudinal orientation (Fig. 2E–G), whereas images showing cross sections of the daughter never contained the mother centriole (Fig. 2H,I). This is because the daughter centriole is always orthogonal to the basal end ...
... mother centriole in cross section, the daughter centriole was always visible in a longitudinal orientation (Fig. 2E–G), whereas images showing cross sections of the daughter never contained the mother centriole (Fig. 2H,I). This is because the daughter centriole is always orthogonal to the basal end ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... found throughout the cytoplasm (Figure 3B). Microtubules are made from 13 parallel protofilaments composed of atubulin and b-tubulin heterodimers (tubulin monomers are ,50 kDa). The ab-tubulin dimers assemble in a head-totail manner producing microtubule polymers with a diameter of ,25 nm. Microtubu ...
... found throughout the cytoplasm (Figure 3B). Microtubules are made from 13 parallel protofilaments composed of atubulin and b-tubulin heterodimers (tubulin monomers are ,50 kDa). The ab-tubulin dimers assemble in a head-totail manner producing microtubule polymers with a diameter of ,25 nm. Microtubu ...
Mitotic Block Induced in HeLa Cells by Low Concentrations of
... days after seeding,fresh medium plus or minus paclitaxel at the stated concentration was added. Twenty h later, the medium was replaced with paclitaxel-free ...
... days after seeding,fresh medium plus or minus paclitaxel at the stated concentration was added. Twenty h later, the medium was replaced with paclitaxel-free ...
Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... Reports of AF and MT associations in plants are scarce, but are supported by imaging of fixed tissues, pharmacological studies, and the existence of common binding partners (Collings, 2008). In fixed tissues, fine transverse AFs have been observed as an ordered array, reminiscent of the transverse a ...
... Reports of AF and MT associations in plants are scarce, but are supported by imaging of fixed tissues, pharmacological studies, and the existence of common binding partners (Collings, 2008). In fixed tissues, fine transverse AFs have been observed as an ordered array, reminiscent of the transverse a ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distribution of organelles48 and the organization of actin filaments was well correlated with the pattern of organel ...
... are the protein systems that promote the movement of organelles and vesicles. Treatment of pollen tubes with cytochalasins induced several alterations in the tube structure and in the distribution of organelles48 and the organization of actin filaments was well correlated with the pattern of organel ...
Microtubule
Microtubules (micro- + tube + -ule) are a component of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. These tubular polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 50 micrometres and are highly dynamic. The outer diameter of a microtubule is about 24 nm while the inner diameter is about 12 nm. They are found in eukaryotic cells and are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin.Microtubules are very important in a number of cellular processes. They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella.They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organelles, and intracellular macromolecular assemblies (see entries for dynein and kinesin). They are also involved in chromosome separation (mitosis and meiosis), and are the major constituents of mitotic spindles, which are used to pull apart eukaryotic chromosomes.Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies found in cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in fungi.There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics.