![Patterns of cooccurrences in a killifish](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012765796_1-a862ecfe86b306b812a52ea7aa4600ba-300x300.png)
Patterns of cooccurrences in a killifish
... into size categories). The analysis was performed at two spatial scales: ponds (communities) and sample units within ponds. Observed nestedness was frequently smaller than the null expectation, with significantly greater deviations for body size-classes than for species, and for sample units than fo ...
... into size categories). The analysis was performed at two spatial scales: ponds (communities) and sample units within ponds. Observed nestedness was frequently smaller than the null expectation, with significantly greater deviations for body size-classes than for species, and for sample units than fo ...
Denis Starrs (Word - 16 KB) - Department of the Environment
... The extinction of the Dinosaurs 65 million years ago allowed the evolution of the Mammals in the continent that is now known as Australia. For most of those 65 million years, the population and species were developed in accordance with the Darwinian principles of Natural Selection of the Fittest. Ap ...
... The extinction of the Dinosaurs 65 million years ago allowed the evolution of the Mammals in the continent that is now known as Australia. For most of those 65 million years, the population and species were developed in accordance with the Darwinian principles of Natural Selection of the Fittest. Ap ...
Document
... deleterious mutations. (Also proposed that some part of morphological evolution is caused by neutral mutation.) Nei, M. 2005. Selectionism and neutralism in molecular evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:2318-2342. ...
... deleterious mutations. (Also proposed that some part of morphological evolution is caused by neutral mutation.) Nei, M. 2005. Selectionism and neutralism in molecular evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:2318-2342. ...
No Slide Title
... How might variation in environment (soil type) affect dispersion in plants? Patchy variation of soil nutrients, water, or physical environment cause plants to occur in patches (clumped dispersion). How might interactions among plants affect dispersion? ...
... How might variation in environment (soil type) affect dispersion in plants? Patchy variation of soil nutrients, water, or physical environment cause plants to occur in patches (clumped dispersion). How might interactions among plants affect dispersion? ...
reef-coral diversity from the late oligocene antigua fm. and
... New collections and continuing taxonomic revision have changed our view of the Cenozoic history of Caribbean reef-corals. Oligocene to Recent history was characterized by two episodes of apparently rapid biotic tumover. Previous work has documented in detail a Plio/Pleistocene transition with extinc ...
... New collections and continuing taxonomic revision have changed our view of the Cenozoic history of Caribbean reef-corals. Oligocene to Recent history was characterized by two episodes of apparently rapid biotic tumover. Previous work has documented in detail a Plio/Pleistocene transition with extinc ...
Extinction and the importance of history and dependence in
... americanus, one of forty species of insects protected numbers of populations. under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, may also have The high numbers of edible declined as a result of the extinction of the Passenger fruit, much higher than is Pigeon. These beetles, the largest of their group in curren ...
... americanus, one of forty species of insects protected numbers of populations. under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, may also have The high numbers of edible declined as a result of the extinction of the Passenger fruit, much higher than is Pigeon. These beetles, the largest of their group in curren ...
Floral Evolution - Harvard University Center for the Environment
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic placement of Rafflesiaceae, the world’s largest flowers. The group Rafflesiaceae (red, also pictured bottom right) is embedded within Euphorbiaceae, the tiny-flowered spurges (blue, also pictured bottom left) [12]. Floral diameter size increase along the 46 million year (My) s ...
Small mammal monitoring Kolomela Mine - Learning
... quick, inexpensive and effective “tool” in achieving all of these: (1) As primary & secondary users small mammals have an important direct & indirect influence on a number of levels in ecosystems (2) they make out a fairly large percentage of all mammal species (up to >60%). (3) specialized and adap ...
... quick, inexpensive and effective “tool” in achieving all of these: (1) As primary & secondary users small mammals have an important direct & indirect influence on a number of levels in ecosystems (2) they make out a fairly large percentage of all mammal species (up to >60%). (3) specialized and adap ...
Body Condition Index
... witnessed in the study area during this survey, disturb animal populations causing them to relocate. The energy cost of moving to and establishing a new territory, or of remaining in a degraded one, reduces the body condition index of frogs. Fragmentation of habitat is a big threat to global amphibi ...
... witnessed in the study area during this survey, disturb animal populations causing them to relocate. The energy cost of moving to and establishing a new territory, or of remaining in a degraded one, reduces the body condition index of frogs. Fragmentation of habitat is a big threat to global amphibi ...
empirical evidence for an optimal body size in snakes
... slope 5 20.119, P , 0.001) snake species in island assemblages plotted against island area (Fig. 2). Body sizes of the largest species decreased with decreasing area whereas the body sizes of the smallest species increased with decreasing area. The regression lines for the body sizes of the largest ...
... slope 5 20.119, P , 0.001) snake species in island assemblages plotted against island area (Fig. 2). Body sizes of the largest species decreased with decreasing area whereas the body sizes of the smallest species increased with decreasing area. The regression lines for the body sizes of the largest ...
The geography of body size – challenges of the interspecific approach
... Bergmann probably envisioned the mechanism linking body size with climate to act at several levels. He stated that: ‘We are going to consider the distribution of smaller and larger homeotherms over the earth’s surface ... in order to see how far the effects of our rule are suggested in this distribu ...
... Bergmann probably envisioned the mechanism linking body size with climate to act at several levels. He stated that: ‘We are going to consider the distribution of smaller and larger homeotherms over the earth’s surface ... in order to see how far the effects of our rule are suggested in this distribu ...
Diversification of dioecios angiosperms
... niches – E.g., mammals were mostly small and nocturnal for 75 million years but diversified in to many larger and diurnal forms once the dinosaurs went extinct. ...
... niches – E.g., mammals were mostly small and nocturnal for 75 million years but diversified in to many larger and diurnal forms once the dinosaurs went extinct. ...
Evolution and Extinction
... many fish species became extinct near the beginning of the Devonian period (409 mya) 90% of marine species and several terrestrial organisms became extinct at the end of the Permian period (245 mya) end of Cretaceous era (65 mya), when dinosaurs went extinct Pleistocene (1.8 mya) many grazing animal ...
... many fish species became extinct near the beginning of the Devonian period (409 mya) 90% of marine species and several terrestrial organisms became extinct at the end of the Permian period (245 mya) end of Cretaceous era (65 mya), when dinosaurs went extinct Pleistocene (1.8 mya) many grazing animal ...
The Relative Size of Darwin`s Finch Eggs
... analysisafter first eliminatingthe subspecieswith weights and egg measurementsgiven in that order the smallestsampleof body weights,namely Passer- in parentheses,are: Sicalisfiaveola(16, 21), Piezorhina culus sandwichensis nevadensis and Passerella i. iliaca. cinerea(16, 28), Volatiniajacarina(3, 2) ...
... analysisafter first eliminatingthe subspecieswith weights and egg measurementsgiven in that order the smallestsampleof body weights,namely Passer- in parentheses,are: Sicalisfiaveola(16, 21), Piezorhina culus sandwichensis nevadensis and Passerella i. iliaca. cinerea(16, 28), Volatiniajacarina(3, 2) ...
Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions
... extinction-prone than smaller-bodied ones when the threatening process unfolds rapidly or intensely. In deed, threatened mammals are an order of magnitude heavier than nonthreatened ones. A common expla nation for this trend is that body size is inversely cor related with population size, making ...
... extinction-prone than smaller-bodied ones when the threatening process unfolds rapidly or intensely. In deed, threatened mammals are an order of magnitude heavier than nonthreatened ones. A common expla nation for this trend is that body size is inversely cor related with population size, making ...
02 Herbivory Rubric
... 14. Figure 11.Despite many potential herbivores, why do leaves lose a low leaf area? If bird predation on insect herbivores reduces the amount of leaf area consumed, then more leaf area consumed will be consumed by plants with birds excluded than by plants exposed to birds. Figure 12. Do the data su ...
... 14. Figure 11.Despite many potential herbivores, why do leaves lose a low leaf area? If bird predation on insect herbivores reduces the amount of leaf area consumed, then more leaf area consumed will be consumed by plants with birds excluded than by plants exposed to birds. Figure 12. Do the data su ...
02 Herbivory Rubric-1
... 14. Figure 11.Despite many potential herbivores, why do leaves lose a low leaf area? If bird predation on insect herbivores reduces the amount of leaf area consumed, then more leaf area consumed will be consumed by plants with birds excluded than by plants exposed to birds. Figure 12. Do the data su ...
... 14. Figure 11.Despite many potential herbivores, why do leaves lose a low leaf area? If bird predation on insect herbivores reduces the amount of leaf area consumed, then more leaf area consumed will be consumed by plants with birds excluded than by plants exposed to birds. Figure 12. Do the data su ...
PPT Slide - Tennessee State University
... numbers may increase or decrease strictly by chance. When the size of such a population does not respond to changes in density, its ultimate fate is extinction, regardless of how its size might increase in the meantime. Mathematicians have calculated the probability of extinction. For simplicity, gi ...
... numbers may increase or decrease strictly by chance. When the size of such a population does not respond to changes in density, its ultimate fate is extinction, regardless of how its size might increase in the meantime. Mathematicians have calculated the probability of extinction. For simplicity, gi ...
Population
... Exponential Growth • Exponential Growth: individuals reproduce at a constant rate – Ideal conditions with unlimited resources are necessary for exponential growth. ...
... Exponential Growth • Exponential Growth: individuals reproduce at a constant rate – Ideal conditions with unlimited resources are necessary for exponential growth. ...
Modern lessons from ancient food webs
... patterns of feeding interactions between and among species (food web structure) and changes in species’ abundance over time (dynamics) of the Egyptian mammal community is providing insight into how this ecosystem unraveled in the face of both climatic and human-induced pressures. But the observed co ...
... patterns of feeding interactions between and among species (food web structure) and changes in species’ abundance over time (dynamics) of the Egyptian mammal community is providing insight into how this ecosystem unraveled in the face of both climatic and human-induced pressures. But the observed co ...
biomes1
... coldest, above water and below, has acquired its population of interdependant plants and animals. It is the nature of these adaptations that has enabled living organisms to spread so widely through our varied planet. – David Attenborough ...
... coldest, above water and below, has acquired its population of interdependant plants and animals. It is the nature of these adaptations that has enabled living organisms to spread so widely through our varied planet. – David Attenborough ...
Characteristics of Mammals
... insulating fur. Their eyes are often sealed and may not open for weeks. For example, black bear cubs are surprisingly tiny when they are born. The blind, nearly hairless cubs have a mass of only 240 to 330 grams—about the same mass as a grapefruit. The mass of an adult black bear, in contrast, range ...
... insulating fur. Their eyes are often sealed and may not open for weeks. For example, black bear cubs are surprisingly tiny when they are born. The blind, nearly hairless cubs have a mass of only 240 to 330 grams—about the same mass as a grapefruit. The mass of an adult black bear, in contrast, range ...
Chapter 33: Mammals
... Carnivorous mammals, such as cats and dogs, have strong, sharp teeth called _________________________ and __________________________ that are used for biting and ripping flesh from their prey ...
... Carnivorous mammals, such as cats and dogs, have strong, sharp teeth called _________________________ and __________________________ that are used for biting and ripping flesh from their prey ...
FISH
... change size based on the season; increase in size during mating season. Internal fert. (press cloacas together) ...
... change size based on the season; increase in size during mating season. Internal fert. (press cloacas together) ...
Ecological and reproductive constraints of body size in the gigantic
... indicate that they probably were not good runners. However, given that the critical speed to take off is wing speed relative to the air, it could be attained by running against the wind, as many large extant birds do. Vizcaíno and Fariña (1999) also suggested that the pampas were only part of a wide ...
... indicate that they probably were not good runners. However, given that the critical speed to take off is wing speed relative to the air, it could be attained by running against the wind, as many large extant birds do. Vizcaíno and Fariña (1999) also suggested that the pampas were only part of a wide ...
Megafauna
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg?width=300)
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.